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Low Fertility In Europe
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Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Europe by : Stijn Hoorens
Download or read book Low Fertility in Europe written by Stijn Hoorens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent statistics suggest that fertility in Europe shows signs of recovery after decades of year-on-year drops. This report updates a study on low fertility from 2004 and explores the extent, causes and consequences of the recent recovery.
Book Synopsis Barren States by : Carrie B. Douglass
Download or read book Barren States written by Carrie B. Douglass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fertility rate has dramatically declined across Europe in recent years. Globally, over sixty-four countries have fallen below generation replacement levels and countries in eastern and southern Europe are registering the lowest birth rates in the history of humanity. Demographers emphasize that these developments could have serious repercussions for society and public policy - from a projected drastic loss of national population numbers to labor shortages and a swelling population of over-65s. Typically, analysts have approached the issue of low fertility quantitatively and from state levels. As a result, most research tends to elide any nuanced understanding of this significant trend. Filling a major gap, this timely book goes well beyond existing studies to investigate how people experience, understand and speak about what is called "low fertility." On the individual level, is there such a thing? How do people understand their choices and the perceived limitations on their lives? What is the meaning of motherhood for women today? How has the definition of "family" changed? What are the particularities of fertility decline in each country? And, perhaps most importantly, what does this tendency toward fewer births mean to the women and men who ultimately become demographic statistics? Offering new readings and a much deeper understanding of Europe's decline in fertility, this exciting book adds the voices of everyday people to previous state-centered studies. Overturning a number of assumptions, case studies show that having fewer children is often understood positively in Europe as a means to freedom and self-empowerment. Anyone wishing to understand what low fertility means to the people who live it will find this book essential reading.
Book Synopsis The Decline of Fertility in Europe by : Ansley Johnson Coale
Download or read book The Decline of Fertility in Europe written by Ansley Johnson Coale and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes the major findings of the Princeton European Fertility Project. The Project, begun in 1963, was a response to the realization that one of the great social revolutions of the last century, the remarkable decline in marital fertility in Europe, was still poorly understood. Originally published in 1986. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Low and Lower Fertility by : Ronald R. Rindfuss
Download or read book Low and Lower Fertility written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies by : Ronald R. Rindfuss
Download or read book Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.
Book Synopsis The Social Meaning of Children and Fertility Change in Europe by : Anne Lise Ellingsaeter
Download or read book The Social Meaning of Children and Fertility Change in Europe written by Anne Lise Ellingsaeter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low fertility in Europe has given rise to the notion of a ‘fertility crisis’. This book shifts the attention from fertility decline to why people do have children, asking what children mean to them. It investigates what role children play in how young adults plan their lives, and why and how young adults make the choices they do. The book aims to expand our comprehension of the complex structures and cultures that influence reproductive choice, and explores three key aspects of fertility choices: the processes towards having (or not having) children, and how they are underpinned by negotiations and ambivalences how family policies, labour markets and personal relations interact in young adults’ fertility choices social differentiation in fertility choice: how fertility rationales and reasoning may differ among women and men, and across social classes Based on empirical studies from six nations – France, Scandinavia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany and Italy (representing the high and low end of European variation in fertility rates) – the book shows how different economic, political and cultural contexts interact in young adults' fertility rationales. It will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, anthropology, demography and gender studies.
Book Synopsis Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences by : Michaela Kreyenfeld
Download or read book Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences written by Michaela Kreyenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.
Book Synopsis World Fertility Patterns 2015 Data Booklet by : United Nations
Download or read book World Fertility Patterns 2015 Data Booklet written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data booklet summarises and presents key fertility indicators on world fertility patterns from the latest population estimates and projections, World Population Prospects 2015. The relevant data and evidence are made available in an easily accessible manner.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by : Shigeki Matsuda
Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Europe by : Stijn Hoorens
Download or read book Low Fertility in Europe written by Stijn Hoorens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many European governments have been concerned about falling fertility rates, due to the welfare implications of an ageing population supported by a shrinking workforce. However,'Doomsday' scenarios of fertility spiralling downwards and European populations imploding have not yet materialised; indeed, recent snapshots of indicators for childbearing suggest some recovery in fertility. Therefore, RAND Europe decided to update its 2004 study into the causes and consequences of low fertility in Europe. This monograph, which has been funded by RAND Europe's Board of Trustees, presents the findings of this update. We have analysed the latest data, reviewed the recent literature, and examined the situation in Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the UK in depth. The study aimed to address the following questions 1. Is fertility really recovering, to what extent and where? 2. If so, what are the underlying reasons for this trend? 3. What are the key differences between different regions and, within countries, between different groups in the population? 4. What are the consequences for policy? Do we need to adjust the conclusions in the 2004 report? This monograph should be of interest to policymakers in the European Commission, Member States and beyond, and to researchers who are interested in the relationship between demography and policy.
Book Synopsis Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe by : Tomas Frejka
Download or read book Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe written by Tomas Frejka and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2008 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fertility in Europe - A sociodemographic analysis by : Daniel Rössler
Download or read book Fertility in Europe - A sociodemographic analysis written by Daniel Rössler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Sociology - Relationships and Family, grade: 1,0, University of Vienna (Institut für Soziologie), language: English, abstract: The world’s demographic situation is a paradox one. While the global population is growing dramatically and lots of countries are confronted with the problem of an uncontrolled and drastically birth surplus, many nations are facing demographic difficulties reversely. Both tendencies are holding formidable intricatenesses – by economic, environmental as well as by social nature. Despite the sum of political activities implemented in nearly all societal areas, European countries are holding the lowest rates of fertility worldwide - an average European woman gives birth to 1,43 children today. Compared to Africa and Asia, where 4,68 respectively 2,35 children are born by a single woman, the value appears dramatically and is understandably providing a basis for fervid, often irrational and populist discussions and agitations. But even when keeping distance to embroidering scenarios and apocalyptic prospects, certain demographic imbalances cannot be negated. The continuous decrease of birth rates in nearly all European countries has to be accepted as an incontrovertible fact. Nevertheless there’s nothing like an ‘European Consistency’ regarding the character and pace of regressing birth rates, but a plurality of different demographic developments with disparate velocity and determinated by unequal terms. Considering the demographic reality of Europe matter-of-factly, this paper will try to trace the pattern of natalistic developments in the European Union against the background of specific national, social, political, economical, religious and cultural contexts. On the one hand, demographic realities of the Member States will be compared with each other, whereas country-specific peculiarities will be taken into consideration as well as cross-national phenomena. On the other hand, the attempt of an embedding of just those demographic realities into their socio-cultural contexts will be carried out. By establishing a connection between demographic data and its societal provenience, fertility-related developments will be represented as cross-linked, multi-layered processes. Due to the complexity of the subject, interrelations will be established merely with selected causal factors.
Book Synopsis Demographic and Social Implications of Low Fertility for Family Structures in Europe by : Nico Keilman
Download or read book Demographic and Social Implications of Low Fertility for Family Structures in Europe written by Nico Keilman and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study sets out to investigate the relationship between low fertility and new patterns in the family and non-family sectors. It examines the social implications of childlessness, single-child families and other family sizes with an emphasis on questions of social cohesion. Firstly a theoretical perspective on childlessness is given. This is followed by an analysis of the impact of changes in birth order-specific fertility on family size using the results from a simulation study which analyses how family sizes change when the level and timing of age- and birth order-specific fertility change. The final section discusses possible consequences for social cohesion and social exclusion of the trends identified in the previous sections with a focus on poverty [Ed.]
Book Synopsis Postponement of Childbearing and Low Fertility in Europe by : Tomáš Sobotka
Download or read book Postponement of Childbearing and Low Fertility in Europe written by Tomáš Sobotka and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility by : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Download or read book The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility written by Frances McCall Rosenbluth and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
Book Synopsis The Demography of Europe by : Gerda Neyer
Download or read book The Demography of Europe written by Gerda Neyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades Europe has witnessed fundamental changes of its population dynamics and population structure. Fertility has fallen below replacement level in almost all European countries, while childbearing behavior and family formation have become more diverse. Life expectancy has increased in Western Europe for both females and males, but has been declining for men in some Eastern European countries. Immigration from non-European countries has increased substantially, as has mobility within Europe. These changes pose major challenges to population studies, as conventional theoretical assumptions regarding demographic behavior and demographic development seem unfit to provide convincing explanations of the recent demographic changes. This book, derived from the symposium on “The Demography of Europe” held at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany in November 2007 in honor of Professor Jan M. Hoem, brings together leading population researchers in the area of fertility, family, migration, life-expectancy, and mortality. The contributions present key issues of the new demography of Europe and discuss key research advances to understand the continent’s demographic development at the turn of the 21st century.
Book Synopsis The Cost of Low Fertility in Europe by : David E. Bloom
Download or read book The Cost of Low Fertility in Europe written by David E. Bloom and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the effect of fertility on income per capita with a particular focus on the experience of Europe. For European countries with below-replacement fertility, the cost of continued low fertility will only be observed in the long run. We show that in the short run, a fall in the fertility rate will lower the youth dependency ratio and increase the working-age share, thus raising income per capita. In the long run, however, the burden of old-age dependency dominates the youth dependency decline, and continued low fertility will lead to small working-age shares in the absence of large migration inflows. We show that the currently very high working-age shares generated by the recent declines in fertility and migration inflows are not sustainable, and that significant drops in the relative size of the working-age population should be expected. Without substantial adjustments in labor force participation or migration policies, the potential negative repercussions on the European economy are large.
