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Long Range Atmospheric Transport Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Book Synopsis Long-range Atmospheric Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Carey Lee Friedman
Download or read book Long-range Atmospheric Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Carey Lee Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use the global 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to simulate long-range atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To evaluate the model's ability to simulate PAHs with different volatilities, we conduct analyses for phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). GEOS-Chem captures observed seasonal trends with no statistically significant difference between simulated and measured mean annual concentrations. GEOS-Chem also captures variability in observed concentrations at nonurban sites (r = 0.64, 0.72, and 0.74, for PHE, PYR, and BaP). Sensitivity simulations suggest snow/ice scavenging is important for gas-phase PAHs, and on-particle oxidation and temperature-dependency of gas-particle partitioning have greater effects on transport than irreversible partitioning or increased particle concentrations. GEOS-Chem estimates mean atmospheric lifetimes of
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Huizhong Shen
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Huizhong Shen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-26 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the global health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air, conducted on the basis of a high-resolution emission inventory, global chemical transport modeling, and probabilistic risk assessment. One of the main strengths of the thesis is the concentration downscaling process, which provides a linkage between emissions and exposure concentrations at a comparatively high resolution. Moreover, by focusing on individual susceptibility, the thesis proposes an instrumental revision of current risk assessment methodology and argues that, if individual susceptibility were not taken into consideration, the overall risk would be underestimated by 55% and the proportion of highly vulnerable populations would be underestimated by more than 90%.
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by :
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Book Synopsis The Transport and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) Across the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China by : Dongxia Luo
Download or read book The Transport and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) Across the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China written by Dongxia Luo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the recent progress of studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the potential for contaminant transport and accumulation in the Hengduan Mountains are very spare. In the present study, soils and lichen samples were simultaneously collected from 62 sampling sites across the Hengduan Mountains and aimed to investigate the occurrence, distribution pattern and identify their controlling factors of PAHs. The sum of the 16 US EPA's priority PAHs (∑16PAHs) in the soils and lichen ranged from 59.8 to 1163 ng/g and from 174 to 3362 ng/g, respectively. The measured values of PAHs were higher than those in the northern or northwestern TP reported in corresponding matrices. The compositional fractionation of PAHs along with longitude and latitude of the sampling locations indicates significant influence on the distribution of PAHs by both the Indian Monsoon and the East Asian Monsoon. This distribution pattern is also confirmed by the air back trajectories. PAHs can be transported to the slope of southeast TP by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Both mountain cold-trapping effect and forest filter effect jointly dominated the deposition and distribution of PAHs.
Book Synopsis Global Sources of Local Pollution by : National Research Council
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Book Synopsis The Seine River Basin by : Nicolas Flipo
Download or read book The Seine River Basin written by Nicolas Flipo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Influence of Secondary Organic Versus Primary Carbonaceous Aerosols on Long-range Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Transport by : Carey Lee Friedman
Download or read book Assessing the Influence of Secondary Organic Versus Primary Carbonaceous Aerosols on Long-range Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Transport written by Carey Lee Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use the chemical transport model GEOSChem to evaluate the hypothesis that atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are trapped in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as it forms. We test the ability of three different partitioning configurations within the model to reproduce observed total concentrations in the midlatitudes and the Arctic as well as midlatitude gas-particle phase distributions. The configurations tested are (1) the GEOSChem default configuration, which uses instantaneous equilibrium partitioning to divide PAHs among the gas phase, a primary organic matter (OM) phase (absorptive), and a black carbon (BC) phase (adsorptive), (2) an SOA configuration in which PAHs are trapped in SOA when emitted and slowly evaporate from SOA thereafter, and (3) a configuration in which PAHs are trapped in primary OM/BC upon emission and subsequently slowly evaporate. We also test the influence of changing the fraction of PAHs available for particle-phase oxidation. Trapping PAHs in SOA particles upon formation and protecting against particle-phase oxidation (2) better simulates observed remote concentrations compared to our default configuration (1). However, simulating adsorptive partitioning to BC is required to reproduce the magnitude and seasonal pattern of gas-particle phase distributions. Thus, the last configuration (3) results in the best agreement between observed and simulated concentration/phase distribution data. The importance of BC rather than SOA to PAH transport is consistent with strong observational evidence that PAHs and BC are coemitted.
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Book Synopsis Persistent Organic Pollutants by : Stuart Harrad
Download or read book Persistent Organic Pollutants written by Stuart Harrad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) continue to be the subject of concern amongst the public, as well as the scientific and policy-making communities. These concerns are exemplified by the international efforts co-ordinated by the United Nations' Environment Programme and the +Economic Commission for Europe. Whilst the ultimate origin of this concern is the adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants in both humans and wildlife, there are other factors involved. In particular, whilst ambient concentrations of POPs in air and water present little direct hazard via inhalation and ingestion respectively, their propensity for transfer through the food chain means that species at the top of the ecological pyramid - including humans - can be exposed to concentrations of concern via their diet. Furthermore, their ability to undergo long-range atmospheric transport means that they represent a truly cross-boundary problem for mankind. Persistent Organic Pollutants focuses on the sources, atmospheric behaviour, terrestrial and aquatic food chain transfer, and human exposure and fate aspects of this important class of chemicals. Other topical issues are addressed, namely: temporal trends in contamination; their transport to polar regions; and the significance of the former Warsaw Pact nations of Central and Eastern Europe as both a global reservoir and source of POPs. Whilst the main focus is on PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAH; other organochlorine POPs such as DDT, lindane, and dieldrin are covered. Persistent Organic Pollutants also provides up-to-date, detailed, and authoritative coverage required by academics, environmental consultants, and policy-makers. Sufficient introductory material is also included to be of relevance to final year undergraduates, Masters and PhD students in Environmental Science/Chemistry.
Book Synopsis Process-Induced Food Toxicants by : Richard H. Stadler
Download or read book Process-Induced Food Toxicants written by Richard H. Stadler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process-Induced Food Toxicants combines the analytical, health, and risk management issues relating to all of the currently known processing-induced toxins that may be present in common foods. It considers the different processing methods used in the manufacture of foods, including thermal treatment, drying, fermentation, preservation, fat processing, and high hydrostatic pressure processing, and the potential contaminants for each method. The book discusses the analysis, formation, mitigation, health risks, and risk management of each hazardous compound. Also discussed are new technologies and the impact of processing on nutrients and allergens.
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Kazuichi Hayakawa
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kazuichi Hayakawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Book Synopsis Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010 by : Sergey Dutchak
Download or read book Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010 written by Sergey Dutchak and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) was created by the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) in December 2004 to improve the understanding of the intercontinental transport of air pollutants across the Northern Hemisphere. This multivolume assessment produced by the TF HTAP reviews the state-of-the-science with respect to the intercontinental transport of ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), mercury (Hg), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Book Synopsis Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems by : Robert P. Mason
Download or read book Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems written by Robert P. Mason and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights. Specific examples deal with metals that are of particular scientific interest, such as mercury, iron, arsenic and zinc, and the book deals with both pollutant and required (nutrient) metals and metalloids. The underlying chemical principles controlling toxicity and bioavailability of these elements to microorganisms and to the aquatic food chain are also discussed. Readership: Graduate students studying environmental chemistry and related topics, as well as scientists and managers interested in the cycling of trace substances in aqueous systems Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/mason/tracemetals.
Book Synopsis Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic by : Heidemarie Kassens
Download or read book Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic written by Heidemarie Kassens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic and its surrounding marginal seas are considered some of the most sensitive elements of the global environment, which may respond rapidly to climate change. However, due to various reasons, our knowledge of the processes which drive the Arctic system today and in the past is still relatively sparse. Based on a multidisciplinary approach, German and Russian scientists describe in this book the natural paleorecords and modern data which were collected over the past 6 years. These marine and terrestrial datasets provide important new insights into the causes, impacts, and feedback mechanisms of this extreme Arctic environment.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Di-n-butyl Phthalate by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Di-n-butyl Phthalate written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
