Logic And Uncertainty In The Human Mind

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Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind

Author : Shira Elqayam
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135162041X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind by : Shira Elqayam

Download or read book Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind written by Shira Elqayam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.

Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind

Author : Shira Elqayam
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351620428
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind by : Shira Elqayam

Download or read book Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind written by Shira Elqayam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.

Surfing Uncertainty

Author : Andy Clark
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190217014
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfing Uncertainty by : Andy Clark

Download or read book Surfing Uncertainty written by Andy Clark and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exciting new theories in neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence are revealing minds like ours as predictive minds, forever trying to guess the incoming streams of sensory stimulation before they arrive. In this up-to-the-minute treatment, philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark explores new ways of thinking about perception, action, and the embodied mind.

Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science

Author : Sheng-Lung Peng
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981993611X
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science by : Sheng-Lung Peng

Download or read book Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science written by Sheng-Lung Peng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is a collection of high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science (ICMMCS 2023), held during 24 – 25 February 2023 in hybrid mode. The topics covered in the book are mathematical logic and foundations, numerical analysis, neural networks, fuzzy set theory, coding theory, higher algebra, number theory, graph theory and combinatory, computation in complex networks, calculus, differential educations and integration, application of soft computing, knowledge engineering, machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data and data analytics, high performance computing, network and device security, Internet of Things (IoT).

The Handbook of Rationality

Author : Markus Knauff
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045079
Total Pages : 879 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Rationality by : Markus Knauff

Download or read book The Handbook of Rationality written by Markus Knauff and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Non-axiomatic Logic

Author : Pei Wang
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814440280
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-axiomatic Logic by : Pei Wang

Download or read book Non-axiomatic Logic written by Pei Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of Non-Axiomatic Logic, which is the result of the author''s research for about three decades.Non-Axiomatic Logic is designed to provide a uniform logical foundation for Artificial Intelligence, as well as an abstract description of the OC laws of thoughtOCO followed by the human mind. Different from OC mathematicalOCO logic, where the focus is the regularity required when demonstrating mathematical conclusions, Non-Axiomatic Logic is an attempt to return to the original aim of logic, that is, to formulate the regularity in actual human thinking. To achieve this goal, the logic is designed under the assumption that the system has insufficient knowledge and resources with respect to the problems to be solved, so that the OC logical conclusionsOCO are only valid with respect to the available knowledge and resources. Reasoning processes according to this logic covers cognitive functions like learning, planning, decision making, problem solving, This book is written for researchers and students in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and can be used as a textbook for courses at graduate level, or upper-level undergraduate, on Non-Axiomatic Logic."

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

Human Reasoning

Author : David E Over
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009495321
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Reasoning by : David E Over

Download or read book Human Reasoning written by David E Over and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-30 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element is on new developments in the psychology of reasoning that raise or address philosophical questions. In traditional studies in the psychology of reasoning, the focus was on inference from arbitrary assumptions and not at all from beliefs, and classical binary logic was presupposed as the only standard for human reasoning. But recently a new Bayesian paradigm has emerged in the discipline. This views ordinary human reasoning as mostly inferring probabilistic conclusions from degrees of beliefs, or from hypothetical premises relevant to a purpose at hand, and as often about revising or updating degrees of belief. This Element also covers new formulations of dual-process theories of the mind, stating that there are two types of mental processing, one rapid and intuitive and shared with other animals, and the other slow and reflective and more characteristic of human beings. The final topic covered is the new developments and rationality.

Knowledge Potential Measurement and Uncertainty

Author : Kerstin Fink
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3322812405
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge Potential Measurement and Uncertainty by : Kerstin Fink

Download or read book Knowledge Potential Measurement and Uncertainty written by Kerstin Fink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kerstin Fink discusses the two mainstream measurement fields: the cognitive science approach and the management approach. She develops the knowledge potential view which is determined by nine key measurement variables, i.e. content, culture, networking, organizational knowledge, learning and training, customer and competitor knowledge, and knowledge management systems.

Understanding the Human Mind

Author : Jason Browne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Human Mind by : Jason Browne

Download or read book Understanding the Human Mind written by Jason Browne and published by . This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you sick and tired of not being taken seriously? Read on to discover the secret of convincing others through logical arguments The discussion is getting heated, everybody has an opinion. You try to chime in and for a moment, your theory has everybody's attention. Just like lightning, however, someone else hijacks the conversation and everybody forgets what you've just said. Are you sick and tired of being ignored? Are you angry since everybody else is trying to force their ideas upon you? It's time to speak your truth loud and clear. And when you rely on incontrovertible facts, nobody would laugh at what you have to say. You have the power to question reality, win arguments and apply critical thinking to life. Your brain is a mighty tool that can help you solve the biggest problems, overcome manipulative relationships and prevent emotions from taking control and making you do silly things. Here's a little secret for you: Critical thinking isn't something you're born with, it's something you can master It's easy to supercharge your reasoning Even if you don't believe it right now, you can generate ideas that will change your life You have the strength to overcome your brain's self-sabotaging mechanisms Critical thinking can be applied to every aspect of life - from buying stuff to changing your job It's time to stop doubting yourself and start training your logical muscle. In Understanding the Human Mind, you will discover: Unbelievable facts that new neuroscientific research is revealing about the power of your brain The completely foolproof way to build valid, logical arguments applicable to every aspect of life Exercises and activities, fun games and irresistibly engaging puzzles that develop logic The pitfalls of confirmation bias you can overcome in three, two, one... Who's your emotional self and why is this person sabotaging you? 5 facepalm reasons why you're thinking illogically Ways to question information and break down fake news What kinds of people can make your brain stronger, even if you don't like talking to them Amazing new skills that will turn you into a logical thinking guru Practical strategies for the application of logical thinking to everything The types of books you should start reading right now to develop your unbeatable brain And much more! If you believe that you're not smart enough to conquer critical thinking, think again (no pun intended)! You have the mental acumen and you now have the tools to question your reality, to gather better information, open your eyes and come up with the best solution for every single problem in your life. Intelligence and education are not defining success. Your desire to learn, however, is. To make the most of that desire, you have to feed your brain with the right resources. When you become a critical thinker, you will find it much easier to determine what you want in life and what steps you have to undertake to get there. It's time to gain full control over the power of your brain. To strengthen your logical mind and achieve your goals effortlessly, scroll up and click the "Add to Cart" button.

Human and Artificial Rationalities

Author : Jean Baratgin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031552458
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Human and Artificial Rationalities by : Jean Baratgin

Download or read book Human and Artificial Rationalities written by Jean Baratgin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scalable Uncertainty Management

Author : Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031188438
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Scalable Uncertainty Management by : Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr

Download or read book Scalable Uncertainty Management written by Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2022, which was held in Paris, France, in October 2022. The 19 full and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. Besides that, the book also contains 3 abstracts of invited talks and 2 tutorial papers. The conference aims to gather researchers with a common interest in managing and analyzing imperfect information from a wide range of fields, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, databases, information retrieval and data mining, the semantic web and risk analysis. The chapter "Defining and Enforcing Descriptive Accuracy in Explanations: the Case of Probabilistic Classifiers" is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Taming Uncertainty

Author : Ralph Hertwig
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262353148
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Taming Uncertainty by : Ralph Hertwig

Download or read book Taming Uncertainty written by Ralph Hertwig and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure? Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty. Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do. Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty. They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others. This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change. They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality—that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments. Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.

Uncertainty Analysis in Engineering and Sciences: Fuzzy Logic, Statistics, and Neural Network Approach

Author : Bilal M. Ayyub
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146155473X
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertainty Analysis in Engineering and Sciences: Fuzzy Logic, Statistics, and Neural Network Approach by : Bilal M. Ayyub

Download or read book Uncertainty Analysis in Engineering and Sciences: Fuzzy Logic, Statistics, and Neural Network Approach written by Bilal M. Ayyub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty has been of concern to engineers, managers and . scientists for many centuries. In management sciences there have existed definitions of uncertainty in a rather narrow sense since the beginning of this century. In engineering and uncertainty has for a long time been considered as in sciences, however, synonymous with random, stochastic, statistic, or probabilistic. Only since the early sixties views on uncertainty have ~ecome more heterogeneous and more tools to model uncertainty than statistics have been proposed by several scientists. The problem of modeling uncertainty adequately has become more important the more complex systems have become, the faster the scientific and engineering world develops, and the more important, but also more difficult, forecasting of future states of systems have become. The first question one should probably ask is whether uncertainty is a phenomenon, a feature of real world systems, a state of mind or a label for a situation in which a human being wants to make statements about phenomena, i. e. , reality, models, and theories, respectively. One cart also ask whether uncertainty is an objective fact or just a subjective impression which is closely related to individual persons. Whether uncertainty is an objective feature of physical real systems seems to be a philosophical question. This shall not be answered in this volume.

Uncertainty in Geographical Information

Author : Jingxiong Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203471326
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertainty in Geographical Information by : Jingxiong Zhang

Download or read book Uncertainty in Geographical Information written by Jingxiong Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-29 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) develop, there is a need to demystify the complex geographical world to facilitate computerization in GIS by the inaccuracies that emerge from man-machine interactions in data acquisition and by error propagation in geoprocessing. Users need to be aware of the impacts of uncertainties in spatial analysis and decision-making. Uncertainty in Geographical Information discusses theoretical and practical aspects of spatial data processing and uncertainties, and covers a wide range of types of errors and fuzziness and emphasizes description and modeling. High level GIS professionals, researchers and graduate students will find this a constructive book.

Engineering General Intelligence, Part 2

Author : Ben Goertzel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9462390304
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering General Intelligence, Part 2 by : Ben Goertzel

Download or read book Engineering General Intelligence, Part 2 written by Ben Goertzel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work outlines a detailed blueprint for the creation of an Artificial General Intelligence system with capability at the human level and ultimately beyond, according to the Cog Prime AGI design and the Open Cog software architecture.

Shallow and Deep Learning Principles

Author : Zekâi Şen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031295552
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Shallow and Deep Learning Principles by : Zekâi Şen

Download or read book Shallow and Deep Learning Principles written by Zekâi Şen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and their ability to predict outcomes using deep and shallow learning principles. The author first describes ANN implementation, consisting of at least three layers that must be established together with cells, one of which is input, the other is output, and the third is a hidden (intermediate) layer. For this, the author states, it is necessary to develop an architecture that will not model mathematical rules but only the action and response variables that control the event and the reactions that may occur within it. The book explains the reasons and necessity of each ANN model, considering the similarity to the previous methods and the philosophical - logical rules.