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Local Immune Responses Of The Gut
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Book Synopsis Local Immune Responses Of The Gut by : Timothy J. Newby
Download or read book Local Immune Responses Of The Gut written by Timothy J. Newby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984: The main interest of this book is immunological. The first chapter deals with the nature of the local immune system and discusses it within the context of the normal physiology of the gut.
Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy
Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by : John H. Cummings
Download or read book Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids written by John H. Cummings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-02 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive volume to look at the importance of short-chain fatty acids in digestion, the function of the large intestine and their role in human health. Short-chain fatty acids are the major product of bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates in the human and animal large intestine. They represent the major end products of digestive processes occurring in the caecum and large intestine. As such, they form an important dietary component and it is increasingly recognised that they may have a significant role in protecting against large bowel cancer and in metabolism. Prepared by an international team of contributors who are at the forefront of this area of research, this volume will be an essential source of reference for gastroenterologists, nutritionists and others active in this area.
Book Synopsis Gut Microbial Taxa and Products that Regulate Immune Responses and Disease Features by : Yu-Ling Chang
Download or read book Gut Microbial Taxa and Products that Regulate Immune Responses and Disease Features written by Yu-Ling Chang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut microbiome has a profound effect on human health and disease. The burgeoning body of research investigating the gut microbiome has illustrated its important roles on not only the local inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but also on systemic immunological disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. Many of these associations were determined at the level of metagenome analysis. This provides categorical information on both taxonomic composition and predicted functional capacities of the microbial community. This thesis tackles the problem of how gut microbiota affect human diseases using both these categories of assessment. Although the accumulating evidence suggested the important roles of gut microbiota in the human immune system and Crohn's disease (CD), the molecular mechanisms of how microbiome directly modulates immune responses and leads to CD progression remain unclear. To advance the current understanding of microbial roles in CD, we developed a systems biology approach to assess the human immune function in response to disease-associated microbial products. Progress in computational omics analysis of the microbiome in CD enables the functional inference and prediction of microbial metabolites. Both genetic and clinical studies suggested the involvement of human CD4+ T cells in CD progression. We therefore tabulated a set of microbial metabolites predicted to be differentially abundant in CD, and screened these microbial metabolites for their bioactivity in human CD4+ T cell functions. Our screen revealed 15 bioactive microbial metabolites, 3 previously reported and 12 unprecedented, with selective action on CD4+ T cell cytokine production. Mechanistic assessment of one novel microbe-derived metabolite, ascorbate, revealed apoptosis of activated human CD4+ T cells associated with selective inhibition of glycolytic energy metabolism. These findings suggest a substantial rate (11%) of bioactive metabolites among the predicted CD-associated metabolite reservoirs and provide evidence for novel modes of microbial activity targeting T cell metabolism. Emerging studies have characterized the association of taxonomic composition with systemic autoimmune diseases with various clinical phenotypes and modes of pathologic immune responses. In this thesis, we assessed systemic sclerosis (SSc), a previously unstudied autoimmune disease with respect to the microbiome, notable for both systemic manifestations and gastrointestinal involvement. The metagenomic study of mucosal-luminal interface (MLI) samples revealed a unique microbial composition associated with disease state. Patients with SSc had decreased abundances of Faecalibacterium and Clostridium, and increased abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium and -Proteobacteria compared with healthy controls. In addition, the increase of Fusobacterium species and the decrease of Bacteroides fragilis were associated with moderate/severe gastrointestinal symptoms. We conducted an independent study of faecal samples from two independent cohorts of patients, from United States and Norway, that revealed a similar group of microbial taxa associations, and a greater dysbiosis in patients from the United States. These studies enable the specific targets for intervention to avert or treat the gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis. The study of gut microbiota is beginning to evolve from association toward causality. The functions of gut microbiota are not only restricted to local inflammatory responses but expanded to systemic immune regulations.i We hypothesized that gut microbiome may regulate host immune cellular responses by producing metabolites. We investigated the bioactive microbial factors regulating Crohn's disease, and explored the potential microbial taxonomic biomarkers in a systemic autoimmune disorder, SSc. Those improved understandings of the microbiome activity and metabolism may inform therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve patient health.
Book Synopsis The Gut Microbiota Orchestrates The Neuronal-Immune System by : Paola Brun
Download or read book The Gut Microbiota Orchestrates The Neuronal-Immune System written by Paola Brun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Book Synopsis Ontogeny of the Immune System of the Gut by : Thomas T. MacDonald
Download or read book Ontogeny of the Immune System of the Gut written by Thomas T. MacDonald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights studies on the development of the mucosal immune system in the human fetus, the factors important in the development of the various compartments of this system, and the mechanisms by which the human neonate protects itself against gut allergy and infection. Other topics include the development of the gut immune system in rodents and other veterinary species in which important areas such as the intestinal uptake of the maternal immunoglobulins have been characterized, as well as immunocompetence of the human fetus. The book provides essential reference material for immunologists, pediatricians, and other researchers interested in the features unique to the development of the gut immune system in utero and post-natally in different species.
Book Synopsis The Interplay of Microbiome and Immune Response in Health and Diseases by : Gwendolyn Barcel´o-Coblijn
Download or read book The Interplay of Microbiome and Immune Response in Health and Diseases written by Gwendolyn Barcel´o-Coblijn and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota and especially the gut microbiota (the microbes inhabiting the gut including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi) plays a key role in human physiology and pathology. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis—an imbalance in the composition and organization of microbial populations—could severely impact the development of different medical conditions (from metabolic to mood disorders), providing new insights into the comprehension of diverse diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, autism, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Given that microbial cells in the gut outnumber host cells, microbiota influences human physiology both functionally and structurally. Microbial metabolites bridge various—even distant—areas of the organism by way of the immune and hormone system. For instance, it is now clear that the mutual interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut–brain axis), often involves gut microbiota, indicating that the crosstalk between the organism and its microbial residents represents a fundamental aspect of both the establishment and maintenance of healthy conditions. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize that beyond the intestinal tract, microbiota populates other host organs and tissues (e.g., skin and oral mucosa). We have edited this eBook with the aim of publishing manuscripts focusing on the impact of microbiota in the development of different diseases and their associated treatments.]
Book Synopsis Mucosal Vaccines by : Hiroshi Kiyono
Download or read book Mucosal Vaccines written by Hiroshi Kiyono and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases Unique and user-friendly organization
Book Synopsis Aspects of the Local Immune System of the Gut and Mammary Gland by : Joan L. Keirby
Download or read book Aspects of the Local Immune System of the Gut and Mammary Gland written by Joan L. Keirby and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Strategies for Oral Immunization by : Jiri Mestecky
Download or read book New Strategies for Oral Immunization written by Jiri Mestecky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral immunization has a fascinating and frequently successful history, yet it has been largely overshadowed by other immunization methods. Various vaccines that lead to the induction of antibodies in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts are currently under development, and others are in use for the immunization of animals as well as humans. This volume gives oral immunization the attention it deserves in light of recent methodological and technical advances in antigen delivery systems.
Book Synopsis Immunophysiology of the Gut by : W. Allan Walker
Download or read book Immunophysiology of the Gut written by W. Allan Walker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Nutrition Symposia, Volume 11: Immunophysiology of the Gut represents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the immunophysiology of the gut, compiling research that integrates the mucosal immune system and intestinal physiology. This book discusses the immunological regulation of epithelial function, fibroblastic sheath, pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, and gastric response to mucosal anaphylaxis. The implications for inflammatory diarrhea, role of breast milk in neonatal host defense, and milk-borne peptide growth factors in human and bovine milk are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the immunopathologic features of celiac disease, immune responses in protein-energy malnutrition, and bacterial translocation. This volume is suitable for experts and clinicians from the disciplines of mucosal immunology, intestinal physiology, and enteric neurophysiology.
Book Synopsis Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease by : Eduardo J. Schiffrin
Download or read book Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease written by Eduardo J. Schiffrin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now considered an organ with defensive and metabolic capabilities, the intestinal microbiota plays a major role in the local host immune system development and education. It contributes to the generation of a homeostatic balance characterized by the capacity to react against pathogens while remaining hyperresponsive/tolerant against commensals. This homeostatic response depends on bacteria and bacterial product sensing by innate immune cells and their molecular asset at the intestinal mucosa. This book captures the enormous progress that has been accomplished in this field in recent years.
Download or read book Immunoregulation written by Nicola Fabris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunoregulation is one of the areas which has witnessed the most explosive advances of immunology during the past decade. It is in this area that the current view of the immune system has arisen and developed. There is indeed little doubt that immune reactions are primarily determined by messages which are genera ted within the immune system and passed among different types of immunologie cells. This cell communication not only determines the type, intensity and duration of the response after perturbation of the immune system by exogenous antigens, but it is also essential for preventing autoimmune reactions and their clinical conse quences. In order to assure aperfect balance within the enormous com plexity of the immune system, it is not surprising that multiple self-regulatory mechanisms are organized at different levels, such as antibody feedback, idiotypic-anti-idiotypic responses, suppres sor and helper T cells, lymphokine signals and genetic require ments. A nu mb er of observations in recent years have, however, demonstrated that consistent contributions to the immunological homeostasis are given also by signals generated outside of the immune system, namely,in the central and autonomous nervous system as weIl as in the endocrine apparatus. Furthermore, the interactions between the immune system and the other body homestatic mechanisms seem to be bidirectional: if immunological cells may be targets of neuroendocrinological factors, immunological products seem in turn to contribute to the neuro endocrine homeostasis.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut by : Chihiro Sasakawa
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut written by Chihiro Sasakawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-09 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our gut is colonized by numerous bacteria throughout our life, and the gut epithelium is constantly exposed to foreign microbes and dietary antigens. Thus, the gut epithelium acts as a barrier against microbial invaders and is equipped with various innate defense systems. Resident commensal and foreign invading bacteria interact intimately with the gut epithelium and can impact host cellular and innate immune responses. From the perspective of many pathogenic bacteria, the gut epithelium serves as an infectious foothold and port of entry for disseminate into deeper tissues. In some instances when the intestinal defense activity and host immune system become compromised, even commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can cross the barrier and initiate local and systematic infectious diseases. Conversely, some highly pathogenic bacteria, such as those highlighted in this book, are able to colonize or invade the intestinal epithelium despite the gut barrier function is intact. Therefore, the relationship between the defensive activity of the intestinal epithelium against microbes and the pathogenesis of infective microbes becomes the basis for maintaining a healthy life. The authors offer an overview of the current topics related to major gastric and enteric pathogens, while highlighting their highly evolved host (human)-adapted infectious processes. Clearly, an in-depth study of bacterial infectious strategies, as well as the host cellular and immune responses, presented in each chapter of this book will provide further insight into the critical roles of the host innate and adaptive immune systems and their importance in determining the severity or completely preventing infectious diseases. Furthermore, under the continuous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the topic of gut-bacteria molecular interactions will provide various clues and ideas for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in γδ T Cell Biology: New Ligands, New Functions, and New Translational Perspectives by : Dieter Kabelitz
Download or read book Recent Advances in γδ T Cell Biology: New Ligands, New Functions, and New Translational Perspectives written by Dieter Kabelitz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional α/β T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and >95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells. Dieter Kabelitz & Julie Déchanet-Merville
