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Author : George Morcous
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Load Rating of Complex Bridges written by George Morcous and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lubin Gao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781478709237
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Load Rating Highway Bridges written by Lubin Gao and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LOAD RATING HIGHWAY BRIDGES In accordance with Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method First Edition The first comprehensive text introducing the background theory along with the practical procedure of load rating highway bridges with the state-of-the-art Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) method. With its simplicity and complete contents on this subject, this is an indispensable text for both students and practicing engineers. The safety of bridges is essential to the traveling public. To ensure that bridges in our highway system function safely and serve properly, engineers need to inspect and assess the live load carrying capacity of the bridges. Based on the results of inspection and evaluation, decisions are made on load restriction, repair, retrofit or replacement. Load rating, one of the critical tasks in this decision-making process, uses either an analytical method or non-destructive load testing to determine the live load carrying capacity of a bridge. This is a book solely concentrated on bridge load rating by using analytical load rating methods, with a focus on the LRFR method. The primary purpose of this book is to provide the basic concept of load rating highway bridges in terms of the LRFR method. The target readers are practicing engineers who want to acquire fundamental knowledge of the LRFR method. Bearing that in mind, the author attempts to strike a balance between theory and how-to. Engineers who are conducting or will perform load ratings of bridges can use this text as a reference in supplement to the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE). This book can also serve as a textbook or supplemental material for a senior level undergraduate or graduate course in bridge design and load rating. This text is divided into three major sections. The first section contains a brief introduction to bridge load rating (Chapter 1) and fundamentals of structural failure and structural reliability theory (Chapter 2). After completing this section, re
Author : Colin O'Connor
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203185927
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Bridge Loads written by Colin O'Connor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed summary of bridge loads from an international perspective. The authors cover all aspects from the methodology behind the calculation of bridge loads and the complex interactions between loads and bridges, to economic considerations. A wide range of bridge loads are covered, including highway vehicle loads, pedestrian l
Author : J. Paul Guyer
Publisher : Guyer Partners
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Bridge Load Rating Procedures for Professional Engineers written by J. Paul Guyer and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2023-10-28 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers, structural engineers, highway engineers and other professional engineers and construction managers interested in load rating of bridges. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. PURPOSE, 3. LOAD RATING REQUIREMENTS, 4. QUALIFICATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES, 5. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE, 6. BRIDGE LOAD RATING PROCEDURE, 7. DATA COLLECTION, 8. MATERIAL PROPERTIES, 9. LOAD EFFECTS—VEHICULAR BRIDGES, 10. LOAD EFFECTS—PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES, 11. COMPONENT CAPACITY, 12. LOAD RATING, 13. LOAD POSTING, 14. MATERIAL STRENGTH TESTING, 15. RATINGS FROM NONDESTRUCTIVE LOAD TESTING, 16. ASSIGNED LOAD RATINGS, 17. LOAD RATINGS BASED ON FIELD EVALUATION AND ENGINEERING JUDGMENT, 18. LOAD RATING DOCUMENTATION.
Author : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures
Publisher : AASHTO
ISBN 13 : 1560514965
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)
Download or read book The Manual for Bridge Evaluation written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). National Steering Committee for the Load Testing of Bridges
Publisher : Thomas Telford
ISBN 13 : 9780727727374
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Guidelines for the Supplementary Load Testing of Bridges written by Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). National Steering Committee for the Load Testing of Bridges and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1998 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge authorities in the UK are currently facing a large programme of bridge assessment and strengthening. This has been caused, in part, by the necessity of ensuring that the European Union deadline for allowing 40-tonne lorries on to UK roads can be met. Many bridges have failed theoretical assessments and some bridge owners, frustrated by the fact that many failed structures are apparently in good condition and showing no signs of distress, have resorted to load testing their bridges to try to provide additional information. A National Steering Committee for the Load Testing of Bridges was set up to examine the role of bridge load testing as a tool for assisting the assessment process. The National Steering Committee consists of representatives from all major bridge owners including the Highways Agency, the County Surveyors Society, the London Bridges Engineering Group, Railtrack and the British Waterways Board. It also includes representatives from consulting engineers and universities and has the support of the Institution of Civil Engineers. The overall objective of the National Steering Committee was to produce authoritative guidance on load-testing techniques; which could be used by the practising engineer to determine capacities of existing bridges/structures that are safe, prudent and minimize levels of restriction to the transport infrastructure. In June 1995 the committee appointed Rendel Palmer & Tritton in association with Peter Lindsell & Associates and supported by Professors Bakht, Clark and Harding as consultants to carry out a preliminary study of all the available information on bridge load testing. They were to recommend a detailed methodology which would form the basis of a brief to consultants appointed to produce authoritative guidelines for the load testing of bridges. Their report concluded that there is a place for load testing in the evaluation of bridges and other structures and that load testing is a valid tool for bridge managers. They also concluded that there was enough information and experience available to permit safe and effective guidelines to be written. As a result of the preliminary study the National Steering Committee decided to divide the second stage work and restrict the scope of this document to guidelines for supplementary load testing. Work on proof and proving load testing is being carried out by others under the auspices of the Highways Agency. The guidelines contained in this document were not drafted in a prescriptive form, but seek to provide advice on the appropriate use of supplementary load testing as an aid to assessment by calculation. The guidelines have been written to enable engineers to determine: when it is appropriate to consider the use of supplementary load testing; the level of risk, both public safety and economic, associated with load testing; how to plan and carry out a load test including the level of expertise necessary, the appropriate loading methods and the type and quantity of instrumentation required. In addition, the document is intended to be a source of information on load testing, measuring equipment and specialist techniques that engineers can use for reference.
Author : Rafael Armendariz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781622604999
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)
Download or read book Bridge Load Rating written by Rafael Armendariz and published by . This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspection and evaluation of bridges in Indiana is critical to ensure their safety to better serve the citizens of the state. Part of this evaluation includes bridge load rating. Bridge load rating, which is a measure of the safe load capacity of the bridge, is a logical process that is typically conducted by utilizing critical information that is available on the bridge plans. For existing, poorly-documented bridges, however, the load rating process becomes challenging to adequately complete because of the missing bridge information. Currently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) does not have a prescribed methodology for such bridges. In an effort to improve Indiana load rating practices INDOT commissioned this study to develop a general procedure for load rating bridges without plans. The general procedure was developed and it was concluded that it requires four critical parts. These parts are bridge characterization, bridge database, field survey and inspection, and bridge load rating. The proposed procedure was then evaluated on two bridges in Indiana that do not have plans as a proof of concept. As a result, it was concluded that load rating of bridges without plans can be successfully completed using the general procedure. A flowchart describing the general procedure was created to make the load rating process more user-friendly. Additional flowcharts that summarize the general procedure for different type of bridges were also provided.
Author : George Hearn
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309097959
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Bridge Inspection Practices written by George Hearn and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis reports bridge inspection practices in the United States and selected foreign countries. The synthesis is a collection of information on formal inspection practices of departments of transportation (DOTs). These are primarily visual inspections and they provide data to bridge registries and databases. For U.S. inspection practices, this synthesis reports on inspection personnel, inspection types, and inspection quality control and quality assurance. Staff titles and functions in inspection programs are reported, together with qualifications and training of personnel, formation of inspection teams, and assignment of teams to bridges. Inspection types are described in terms of their scope, methods, and intervals. Quality control and quality assurance programs are reviewed in terms of the procedures employed, staff involved, quality measurements obtained, and the use of quality findings in DOT inspection programs. Foreign practices are presented in the same organization of inspection personnel, types, and quality programs. Comparisons of U.S. and foreign inspection practices are included. Information was obtained from a questionnaire sent to U.S. state transportation departments, similar questionnaires modified individually for transportation agencies in selected foreign countries, and formal documents used by transportation departments and agencies. These documents primarily included bridge inspection manuals, inspection training manuals, and technical memoranda, but also included blank forms for inspections, DOTs job descriptions for inspectors, and descriptions of inspection training courses. Overall, this synthesis includes information from forty U.S. state transportation departments and from roads agencies in eight foreign nations (Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The synthesis also includes, in an appendix, information from a few provincial and municipal transport agencies in Canada.
Author : Eva Lantsoght
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429556489
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)
Download or read book Load Testing of Bridges written by Eva Lantsoght and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load Testing of Bridges, featuring contributions from almost fifty authors from around the world across two interrelated volumes, deals with the practical aspects, the scientific developments, and the international views on the topic of load testing of bridges. Volume 13, Load Testing of Bridges: Proof Load Testing and the Future of Load Testing, focuses first on proof load testing of bridges. It discusses the specific aspects of proof load testing during the preparation, execution, and post-processing of such a test (Part 1). The second part covers the testing of buildings. The third part discusses novel ideas regarding measurement techniques used for load testing. Methods using non-contact sensors, such as photography- and video-based measurement techniques are discussed. The fourth part discusses load testing in the framework of reliability-based decision-making and in the framework of a bridge management program. The final part of the book summarizes the knowledge presented across the two volumes, as well as the remaining open questions for research, and provides practical recommendations for engineers carrying out load tests. This work will be of interest to researchers and academics in the field of civil/structural engineering, practicing engineers and road authorities worldwide.
Author : Mark Mlynarski
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309213444
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book A Comparison of AASHTO Bridge Load Rating Methods written by Mark Mlynarski and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 700: A Comparison of AASHTO Bridge Load Rating Methods documents an analysis of 1,500 bridges that represent various material types and configurations using AASHTOWareTM Virtis® to compare the load factor rating to load and resistance factor rating for both moment and shear induced by design vehicles, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) legal loads, and eight additional permit/legal vehicles.
Author : J Paul Guyer
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (914 download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Bridge Load Rating Procedures for Professional Engineers written by J Paul Guyer and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-04-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers, structural engineers and construction managers interested in load rating of bridges. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. PURPOSE, 3. LOAD RATING REQUIREMENTS, 4. QUALIFICATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES, 5. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE, 6. BRIDGE LOAD RATING PROCEDURE, 7. DATA COLLECTION, 8. MATERIAL PROPERTIES, 9. LOAD EFFECTS-VEHICULAR BRIDGES, 10. LOAD EFFECTS-PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES, 11. COMPONENT CAPACITY, 12. LOAD RATING, 13. LOAD POSTING, 14. MATERIAL STRENGTH TESTING, 15. RATINGS FROM NONDESTRUCTIVE LOAD TESTING, 16. ASSIGNED LOAD RATINGS, 17. LOAD RATINGS BASED ON FIELD EVALUATION AND ENGINEERING JUDGMENT, 18. LOAD RATING DOCUMENTATION, 19. REFERENCES.
Author : Fikret Necati Catbas
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889662128
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Diagnostic and Proof Load Tests on Bridges written by Fikret Necati Catbas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author : J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.
Publisher : Guyer Partners
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Bridge Load Rating Procedures written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2020-08-22 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and others interested in bridge load rating procedures. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PURPOSE 3. LOAD RATING REQUIREMENTS 4. QUALIFICATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 5. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 6. BRIDGE LOAD RATING PROCEDURE 7. DATA COLLECTION 8. MATERIAL PROPERTIES 9. LOAD EFFECTS—VEHICULAR BRIDGES 10. LOAD EFFECTS—PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES 11. COMPONENT CAPACITY 12. LOAD RATING 13. LOAD POSTING 14. MATERIAL STRENGTH TESTING 15. RATINGS FROM NONDESTRUCTIVE LOAD TESTING 16. ASSIGNED LOAD RATINGS 17. LOAD RATINGS BASED ON FIELD EVALUATION AND ENGINEERING JUDGMENT 18. LOAD RATING DOCUMENTATION.
Author : Renxiang Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (781 download)
Download or read book Experimental Load Rating of Skewed Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Renxiang Lu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skewed highway bridges are commonplace, but the behavior of a skewed bridge can be significantly more complex compared to a straight bridge. As a consequence, the theoretical equations currently used to determine the load rating of a skewed bridge can be inaccurate for a large skew angle because the location of the girder and the moment (positive or negative) under consideration, the arrangement and position of cross-frames and parapets, and the location of loading applied on the bridge are neglected. In this study, an accurate load rating method is proposed that accounts for these effects. In the proposed method, a field test is used to determine the safe load-carrying capacity of the bridge, and a two-dimensional grid with longitudinal and transverse beam elements rigidly connected at intersecting nodes and vertical loads applied at the nodes (“grillage”) model is used to calculate the contribution due to skew. The field test is conducted using a calibrated truck driven over the bridge in successive runs that traverse the entire width of the roadway, and the measured strain response is used to calculate internal moments and experimental live load effects. To compare the behaviors between the actual bridge and the analytical estimation, the ratio of the bridge experimental and analytical load ratings is obtained. Additionally, contributors to the bridge live load are decomposed and compared to the analytical load rating to obtain the bridge deaggregated ratio of load ratings. The effect of critical span adjustment, longitudinal and lateral load distribution, unintended composite action between the slab and the girders, slab flexure, and additional stiffness in the system on the ratio of load ratings are qualified and quantified. The contribution of additional stiffness in the system to the actual load rating in comparison to the analytical is further discretized into the contribution to stiffness due to skew and the contribution to stiffness due to curbs and railings. The contribution to stiffness due to skew is calculated as the ratio of the statical moment in the skewed bridge grillage model to the corresponding statical moment in the equivalent straight bridge. The proposed method is illustrated using a case study of a steel girder highway bridge with a 43-degree skew angle. The tests indicate that the experimental load rating is 156% greater than the analytical load rating at the positive moment location, and 11% greater at the negative moment location. The increased load rating is primarily due to unintended composite action. Since unintended composite action is not reliable for load-levels above the linear-elastic region, the effect of unintended composite action is removed, resulting in a reliable experimental rating load rating that is 46% greater than the analytical load rating at the positive moment location. The grillage model indicates that additional stiffness due to skew contributes to a 19% increase in the positive moment load rating. The case study demonstrates that the proposed method provides a more accurate determination of the skew effect, compared to the theoretical equations currently in use, because the location of the girder and moment under consideration, the arrangement and position of cross-frames and parapets, and the location of loading applied on the bridge are explicitly incorporated. Therefore, field testing coupled with a grillage model has the potential to effectively load rate skewed highway bridges.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Load Ratings for Standard Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A load rating states the load in tons which a vehicle can impose on a bridge. Changes in guidelines, standards, and customary uses of bridges require analyses of bridges to be updated and reevaluated.
Author : Devin K. Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Load Rating Strategies for Bridges with Limited Or Missing As-built Information written by Devin K. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load rating is the process of determining the safe load-carrying capacity of a bridge; however, when plans and details are insufficient to determine the overall capacity of the structure, alternative methods must be used to infer what the live load capacity is. Two viable methods allowed by the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation are the commonly used but subjective engineering judgement and the experimentally based proof testing. However, these methods suffer from limitations. Engineering judgement typically is not based on physical phenomena and creates a degree of risk in unconservative estimates or unnecessarily restricts traffic and commerce if estimates are overly conservative. On the contrary, proof testing can cause damage during testing, tends to be expensive, and cannot be extrapolated to future performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop rational engineering approaches for load rating structures within the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) inventory for which limited as-built information is available. The initial phase of the investigation focused on categorizing the VDOT inventory to determine the types of structures that are likely to be missing information necessary for an analytical load rating, which were identified to be short span reinforced concrete slab or T-beam designs. Subsequent phases emphasized two main approaches to load rating: (i) structural identification frameworks based on finite element model updating; and (ii) leveraged vibration response characterization. Both approaches emphasized estimating unknown characteristics of these types of structures for use in a traditional analytical load rating. These unknown parameters include modulus of elasticity and strength of concrete as well as cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement. These estimates can ultimately be used to provide a rational estimate of load ratings. All approaches were evaluated on two slab and two T-beam structures in varying condition states, which had sufficient plans available, but were treated as having varying degrees of unknown details. The results illustrated that the finite element model updating method generated load ratings that were within 0% to -17% of the load ratings developed according to conventional calculations, with negative differences indicating lower rating factor estimates; and the vibration-based simplified method led to results with a percent difference ranging from 16% to -16%. It was also shown that instrumenting bridges with a limited number of sensors is sufficient for successful implementation of the developed methods. The results from the study have been synthesized into recommendations for VDOT to perform load ratings of structures with insufficient plans or information, with the goal of minimizing the degree and complexity of experimental measurement as well as simplifying the tools for performing the analyses of these structures as much as feasible.
Author : Eva Lantsoght
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351596926
Total Pages : 774 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)
Download or read book Load Testing of Bridges: Two Volume Set written by Eva Lantsoght and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load Testing of Bridges, featuring contributions from almost fifty authors from around the world across two interrelated volumes, deals with the practical aspects, the scientific developments, and the international views on the topic of load testing of bridges. Volume 12, Load Testing of Bridges: Current practice and Diagnostic Load Testing, starts with a background to bridge load testing, including the historical perspectives and evolutions, and the current codes and guidelines that are governing in countries around the world. The second part of the book deals with preparation, execution, and post-processing of load tests on bridges. The third part focuses on diagnostic load testing of bridges. Volume 13, Load Testing of Bridges: Proof Load Testing and the Future of Load Testing, focuses first on proof load testing of bridges. It discusses the specific aspects of proof load testing during the preparation, execution, and post-processing of such a test (Part 1). The second part covers the testing of buildings. The third part discusses novel ideas regarding measurement techniques used for load testing. Methods using non-contact sensors, such as photography- and video-based measurement techniques are discussed. The fourth part discusses load testing in the framework of reliability-based decision-making and in the framework of a bridge management program. The final part of the book summarizes the knowledge presented across the two volumes, as well as the remaining open questions for research, and provides practical recommendations for engineers carrying out load tests. This work will be of interest to researchers and academics in the field of civil/structural engineering, practicing engineers and road authorities worldwide.
