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Littoral Structure As A Driver Of Food Chain Length In Lakes
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Book Synopsis Littoral Structure as a Driver of Food Chain Length in Lakes by : Jacob Ziegler
Download or read book Littoral Structure as a Driver of Food Chain Length in Lakes written by Jacob Ziegler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lakes are among the most susceptible ecosystems to anthropogenic modification as humans are drawn to freshwaters for the multitude of ecosystems services they provide. The littoral habitat structure of lakes, both in the form of aquatic vegetation (macrophytes) and coarse woody debris (CWD), is often negatively altered by direct and indirect human activities. Little is known about the effect that loss of littoral structure might have on whole lake food webs with respect to energy flow and trophic transfers. The maximum number of trophic transfers within a food web is referred to as food chain length and can control community composition through trophic cascades. Therefore, detectable changes in food chain length likely have impacts on the lake food web. I predicted that loss of littoral structure would result in reduced food chain length due to loss of refuge for intermediate consumers. I used a field study and a simulation model to (1) determine if there was a significant relationship between food chain length and littoral structure in the form of macrophytes and (2) assess the support for two different potential mechanisms (i.e. for changes in refuge or productivity) through which macrophytes and coarse woody debris could alter food chain length. The field study showed that food chain length was positively related to macrophyte abundance. The simulation model shed further insight and showed that refuge provided by macrophytes and CWD may account for observed food chain length increases due to preservation of predatory invertebrates. From these results, we can infer that the loss of littoral habitat structure likely results in a shortening of the lake food chain, which can have implications for community composition, energy flow and whole ecosystem responses to change." --
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Size Determines Food-chain Length in Lakes by :
Download or read book Ecosystem Size Determines Food-chain Length in Lakes written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Littoral Zone Structure, Energy Mobilization and Benthic Food Webs in Oligotrophic Northern Temperate Lakes by : Shawn P. Devlin
Download or read book Littoral Zone Structure, Energy Mobilization and Benthic Food Webs in Oligotrophic Northern Temperate Lakes written by Shawn P. Devlin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lakes are usually described by pelagic-based characteristics such as trophic status or stratification and mixing regimes. These categorization schemes neglect among-lake differences in the physical and biological structure of the littoral zone. The extensive use of stable isotopes has led to a better integration of pelagic dynamics and littoral processes in limnology. In order to further our understanding of littoral trophic dynamics I conducted a detailed investigation of benthic primary production, littoral sediment bacterial production, and zoobenthic consumer resource use in oligotrophic temperate lakes. I have found that among-lake variation in benthic primary and bacterial production reflects littoral zone structure. Specifically, the magnitude of benthic primary production relative to benthic bacterial production is influenced by the amount of organic carbon associated with littoral sediments. I determined resource use among zoobenthic functional feeding groups using stable isotopes. Macroinvertebrate production was strongly dependent on benthic algae, but variation in algal isotope signatures associated with lake depth and sediment depth complicates the interpretation of mixing models. I compared estimates of whole-lake benthic primary production with various levels of spatial variability of photosynthetic parameters incorporated into primary production models to determine how much effort is needed to accurately quantify whole-lake benthic primary production. Estimates of mean areal littoral primary production using mean light-saturated maximum primary production were comparable to estimates calculated with highly resolved, depth-specific estimates of maximum primary production. Thus, accurate estimates of whole-lake benthic primary production can be obtained with relatively simple models, but an accurate, depth-averaged estimate of maximum benthic primary production is crucial. This study demonstrates that littoral primary production is a major source of energy for aquatic consumers, and the contribution of littoral processes to whole-lake trophic dynamics is dependent on littoral zone characteristics. Further integration of littoral processes into whole-lake food webs is vital to a comprehensive understanding of lake ecology.
Book Synopsis Perspectives in Tropical Limnology by : F. Schiemer
Download or read book Perspectives in Tropical Limnology written by F. Schiemer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Body Size: The Structure and Function of Aquatic Ecosystems by : Alan G. Hildrew
Download or read book Body Size: The Structure and Function of Aquatic Ecosystems written by Alan G. Hildrew and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecologists have long struggled to predict features of ecological systems, such as the numbers and diversity of organisms. The wide range of body sizes in ecological communities, from tiny microbes to large animals and plants, is emerging as the key to prediction. Based on the relationship between body size and features such as biological rates, the physics of water and the amount of habitat available, we may be able to understand patterns of abundance and diversity, biogeography, interactions in food webs and the impact of fishing, adding up to a potential 'periodic table' for ecology. Remarkable progress on the unravelling, describing and modelling of aquatic food webs, revealing the fundamental role of body size, makes a book emphasising marine and freshwater ecosystems particularly apt. In this 2007 book, the importance of body size is examined at a range of scales that will be of interest to professional ecologists, from students to senior researchers.
Book Synopsis The National Hydrography Dataset by :
Download or read book The National Hydrography Dataset written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Networks by : Mercedes Pascual
Download or read book Ecological Networks written by Mercedes Pascual and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food webs are one of the most useful, and challenging, objects of study in ecology. These networks of predator-prey interactions, conjured in Darwin's image of a "tangled bank," provide a paradigmatic example of complex adaptive systems. This book is based on a February 2004 Santa Fe Institute workshop. Its authors treat the ecology of predator-prey interactions, food web theory, structure and dynamics. The book explores the boundaries of what is known of the relationship between structure and dynamics in ecological networks and will define directions for future developments in this field.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity in Aquatic Systems and Environments by : Noboru Okuda
Download or read book Biodiversity in Aquatic Systems and Environments written by Noboru Okuda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest topics in ecological and evolutionary research on aquatic biodiversity from bacteria to fishes, with special reference to Lake Biwa, an ancient lake in western Japan. With a geological history of 4 million years, Lake Biwa is the third oldest lake in the world. It is considered a biodiversity hotspot, where 1,769 aquatic species including 61 endemics are recorded, providing a rare opportunity to study the evolutionary diversification of aquatic biota and its ecological consequences. The first chapter introduces the evolutionary history of biodiversity, especially of fish in this lake. In the second chapter, some examples of trophic polymorphism in fish are described. Fish are keystone predators in lake ecosystems, and they can be a major driver for altering biological communities through their top-down trophic cascading effects. An excellent laboratory experiment is presented, demonstrating that functional diversity of fish feeding morphology alters food web properties of plankton prey communities. The third chapter focuses on aquatic microbes, whose abundance and diversity may also be influenced by the diversity of fish through top-down trophic cascades. Aquatic microbes can have a strong impact on ecosystem functioning in lakes, and in this chapter, the latest molecular techniques used to examine genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities are introduced. The final chapter presents theoretical frameworks for predicting how biodiversity has the potential to control the incidence and intensity of human-induced regime shifts. While respecting the precious nature of biodiversity in lakes, it is essential to be aware that modern human activities have brought a crisis of biodiversity loss in lakes worldwide. Throughout this book, readers will learn why biodiversity must be conserved at all levels, from genes to ecosystems.
Download or read book Food Webs written by John C. Moore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new approaches to studying food webs, using practical and policy examples to demonstrate the theory behind ecosystem management decisions.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Ecology by : Walter K. Dodds
Download or read book Freshwater Ecology written by Walter K. Dodds and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Ecology, Second Edition, is a broad, up-to-date treatment of everything from the basic chemical and physical properties of water to advanced unifying concepts of the community ecology and ecosystem relationships as found in continental waters.With 40% new and expanded coverage, this text covers applied and basic aspects of limnology, now with more emphasis on wetlands and reservoirs than in the previous edition. It features 80 new and updated figures, including a section of color plates, and 500 new and updated references. The authors take a synthetic approach to ecological problems, teaching students how to handle the challenges faced by contemporary aquatic scientists.This text is designed for undergraduate students taking courses in Freshwater Ecology and Limnology; and introductory graduate students taking courses in Freshwater Ecology and Limnology. Expanded revision of Dodds' successful text. New boxed sections provide more advanced material within the introductory, modular format of the first edition. Basic scientific concepts and environmental applications featured throughout. Added coverage of climate change, ecosystem function, hypertrophic habitats and secondary production. Expanded coverage of physical limnology, groundwater and wetland habitats. Expanded coverage of the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupters as freshwater pollutants More on aquatic invertebrates, with more images and pictures of a broader range of organisms Expanded coverage of the functional roles of filterer feeding, scraping, and shredding organisms, and a new section on omnivores. Expanded appendix on standard statistical techniques. Supporting website with figures and tables - http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780123747242
Book Synopsis Guide to the Aquatic Insects of New Zealand by : Michael J. Winterbourn
Download or read book Guide to the Aquatic Insects of New Zealand written by Michael J. Winterbourn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of this excellent identification guide to aquatic insects in New Zealand has been updated with the latest information, making it an essential resource as the demand for river surveys and water quality studies continues to grow. Since the third edition was published five years ago, there have been great advances in our knowledge of New Zealand's aquatic insects. This edition includes information from several new publications about the systematics of New Zealand aquatic insects. More than 80 new titles have been added to the reference list and cited in the text; this serves both to document taxonomic changes and to guide the reader to the expanding literature on the aquatic insects of NZ. The book provides keys to enable insects to be identified to the family or genus level. Notes on distribution, habitat, and problems likely to be encountered with identification are included, along with full references, glossary of terms, and an index of taxa, common names, and general subjects. This is a joint publication venture of the Entomological Society of New Zealand (Inc.) and the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society.
Book Synopsis Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe by : Leszek A. Bledzki
Download or read book Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe written by Leszek A. Bledzki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a user-friendly, species level taxonomic key based on morphology, current nomenclature, and modern taxonomy using molecular tools which fulfill the most pressing needs of both researchers and environmental managers. This key arms the reader with the tools necessary to improve their species identification abilities. This book resolves another issue as well: the mix of female and male characters used in keys to the calanoid copepods. Often, during the identification process, both calanoid copepod sexes are not available, and the user of such a key is stuck with an uncertain identification. Here, separate male and female keys to the calanoid copepods are provided for both the genera and species levels.
Book Synopsis Biological Communities Respond to Multiple Human-Induced Aquatic Environment Change by : Marina Manca
Download or read book Biological Communities Respond to Multiple Human-Induced Aquatic Environment Change written by Marina Manca and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perturbations linked to the direct and indirect impacts of human activities during the Anthropocene affect the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems to varying degrees. Some perturbations involve stress to aquatic life, including soil and water acidification, soil erosion, loss of base cations, release of trace metals/organic compounds, and application of essential nutrients capable of stimulating primary productivity. Superimposed onto these changes, climate warming impacts aquatic environments via altering species’ metabolic processes and by modifying food web interactions. The interaction stressors is difficult to predict because of the differential response of species and taxonomic groups, interacting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. Whenever different trophic levels respond differently to climate warming, food webs are restructured; yet, the consequences of warming-induced changes for the food web structure and long-term population dynamics of different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Such changes are crucial in lakes, where food web production is mainly due to ectotherms, which are highly sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment. Due to its remarkable physical inertia, including thermal stability, global warming also has a profound effect on groundwater ecosystems. Combining contemporary and palaeo data is essential to understand the degree to which mechanisms of stressors impact on lake biological communities and lake ecosystem functioning. The degree to which alterations can affect aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning also requires functional diversity to be addressed at the molecular level, to reconstruct the role different species play in the transfer of material and energy through the food web. In this issue, we present examples of the impact of different stressors and their interaction on aquatic ecosystems, providing long-term, metabolic, molecular, and paleolimnological analyses.
Book Synopsis Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters by : Charles R. Goldman
Download or read book Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters written by Charles R. Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Collapse and Recovery by : Adrian C. Newton
Download or read book Ecosystem Collapse and Recovery written by Adrian C. Newton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how ecosystems can collapse as a result of human activity, and the ecological processes underlying their subsequent recovery.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Management by : M. Kumagai
Download or read book Freshwater Management written by M. Kumagai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globalization of trade, monetary and fiscal policies, capital markets, and investment patterns is reshaping the world economy and is leading to new financial, commercial, and marketing structures as well as unprecedented economies of scale. Simultaneously, national and international awareness and to strengthen. There is consensus among responses to accelerating environmental degradation continue most developed countries that the rapidly evolving new economic order needs to be well integrated with policies to maintain or restore environmental quality. Many challenges remain, however, in evaluating the geo-ecological implications of economic globalization, and in formulating the appropriate management responses. In lakes and rivers, the management of water supply and quality has largely proceeded on the basis of local considerations rather than at the global scale that has been more typical of environmental management of the atmosphere and ocean. It is increasingly apparent, however, that high-quality water resources are now in critically short supply not only because of local problems such as over-irrigation and eutrophication, but also as a result of larger-scale climate effects on the hydrosphere. This magnitude of impact will increasingly require the integrated monitoring and management of water resources on a planetary scale, with world criteria for environmental assessment, restoration, and conservation strategies. The increasing extent of world trade in potable freshwater heightens the urgency for establishing international approaches, criteria, and regulations.
