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Liquidity Default Taxes And Yields On Municipal Bonds
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Book Synopsis Liquidity, Default, Taxes and Yields on Municipal Bonds by : Junbo Wang
Download or read book Liquidity, Default, Taxes and Yields on Municipal Bonds written by Junbo Wang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the relative yields of Treasuries and municipals using a generalized model that includes liquidity as a state factor. Using a unique transaction dataset, they estimate the liquidity risk of municipals and its effect on bond yields. They find that a substantial portion of the maturity spread between long- and short-maturity municipal bonds is attributable to the liquidity premium. Controlling for the effects of default and liquidity risk, they obtain implicit tax rates very close to the statutory tax rates of high-income individuals and corporations, and these tax rate estimates are remarkably stable over maturities.
Book Synopsis The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds by : SIFMA
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds written by SIFMA and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive new edition of the most trusted book on municipal bonds As of the end of 1998, municipal bonds, issued by state or local governments to finance public works programs, such as the building of schools, streets, and electrical grids, totaled almost $1.5 trillion in outstanding debt, a number that has only increased over time. The market for these bonds is comprised of many types of professionals—investment bankers, underwriters, traders, analysts, attorneys, rating agencies, brokers, and regulators—who are paid interest and principal according to a fixed schedule. Intended for investment professionals interested in how US municipal bonds work, The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds, Sixth Edition explains the bond contract and recent changes in this market, providing investors with the information and tools they need to make bonds reliable parts of their portfolios. The market is very different from when the fifth edition was published more than ten years ago, and this revision reasserts Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds as the preeminent text in the field Explores the basics of municipal securities, including the issuers, the primary market, and the secondary market Key areas, such as investing in bonds, credit analysis, interest rates, and regulatory and disclosure requirements, are covered in detail This revised edition includes appendixes, a glossary, and a list of financial products related to applying the fundamentals of municipal bonds An official book of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) With today's financial market in recovery and still highly volatile, investors are looking for a safe and steady way to grow their money without having to invest in stocks. The bond market has always been a safe haven, although confusing new bonds and bond funds make it increasingly difficult for unfamiliar investors to decide on the most suitable fixed income investments.
Book Synopsis The Muni Bond Spread by : Andrew Ang
Download or read book The Muni Bond Spread written by Andrew Ang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal (muni) bonds are risky and trade in illiquid markets, and both effects serve to raise muni yields relative to Treasuries. On the other hand, the tax exemption of muni bonds tends to lower their yields. We decompose the muni yield spread into credit, liquidity, and tax components. Before 2008, muni yields are reliably lower than Treasuries. After the 2008 financial crisis, the muni-Treasury spread flips sign to, on average, 0.87%, comprising credit, liquidity, and tax components of 0.57%, 2.14%, and -1.84%, respectively. Muni credit and liquidity components exhibit strong covariation with credit and liquidity factors prevailing in other asset classes.
Download or read book Tax-Free Income written by Innoware Pjp and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax-Free Income: A Comprehensive Guide to Investing in Municipal Bonds Municipal bonds are a type of debt security issued by state and local governments in order to finance public projects such as infrastructure, schools, and hospitals. Municipal bonds are typically exempt from federal income taxes, and may also be exempt from state and local taxes for investors who reside in the state where the bonds are issued. The book covers the following: Chapter 1: Introduction to Municipal Bonds 1.1 What Are Municipal Bonds? 1.2 Advantages and Benefits of Municipal Bonds 1.3 Different Types of Municipal Bonds 1.4 Role of Municipal Bonds in Public Finance 1.5 Understanding the Municipal Bond Market Chapter 2: The Basics of Bond Investing 2.1 Bond Basics: Definitions and Key Concepts 2.2 How Bonds Work: Issuers, Coupon Rates, and Maturity 2.3 Risks and Rewards of Investing in Bonds 2.4 Factors Affecting Bond Prices and Yields 2.5 Diversification and Asset Allocation Strategies Chapter 3: Understanding Municipal Bond Credit Ratings 3.1 Importance of Credit Ratings in Municipal Bonds 3.2 Credit Rating Agencies and Their Methodologies 3.3 Evaluating Bond Creditworthiness and Risk 3.4 Impact of Credit Ratings on Bond Prices and Yields 3.5 Monitoring and Assessing Credit Ratings Changes for Bonds Chapter 4: Assessing Municipal Bond Market Conditions 4.1 Overview of the Municipal Bond Market 4.2 Market Participants in Municipal Bond Market: Issuers, Underwriters, and Investors 4.3 Analyzing Supply and Demand Factors in Municipal Bond Market 4.4 Interest Rate Environment and Yield Curve Analysis 4.5 Tracking Market Indicators and Economic Data for Municipal Bond Investing Chapter 5: Investing in General Obligation Bonds 5.1 Introduction to General Obligation (GO) Bonds 5.2 Understanding GO Bond Structures and Security 5.3 Analyzing GO Bond Repayment Sources 5.4 Assessing Risks and Creditworthiness of GO Bonds 5.5 Case Studies and Examples of GO Bond Investments Chapter 6: Investing in Revenue Bonds 6.1 Introduction to Revenue Bonds 6.2 Types of Revenue Bonds: Essential Service and Non-Essential Service 6.3 Evaluating Revenue Sources and Debt Service Coverage 6.4 Analyzing Revenue Bond Covenants and Security 6.5 Case Studies and Examples of Revenue Bond Investments Chapter 7: Tax Considerations for Municipal Bond Investors 7.1 Tax Benefits of Municipal Bonds 7.2 Understanding Tax-Exempt and Taxable Municipal Bonds 7.3 Impact of Tax Bracket on Bond Yield Calculation 7.4 Evaluating Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) Risks for Municipal Bond Investors 7.5 Tax Reporting and Compliance for Municipal Bond Investors Chapter 8: Building a Municipal Bond Portfolio 8.1 Setting Investment Objectives and Risk Tolerance for a Municipal Bond Portfolio 8.2 Portfolio Diversification Strategies for a Municipal Bond Portfolio 8.3 Selecting Municipal Bonds Based on Maturity and Yields 8.4 Assessing Liquidity and Marketability of Muni Bonds 8.5 Portfolio Monitoring and Rebalancing Techniques for Muni Bonds Chapter 9: Risks and Mitigation Strategies in Municipal Bond Investing 9.1 Interest Rate Risk and Duration Analysis in Municipal Bond Investing 9.2 Credit Risk and Default Probability Assessment in Municipal Bond Investing 9.3 Prepayment and Call Risk in Municipal Bonds 9.4 Liquidity Risk and Marketability Considerations in Municipal Bond Investing 9.5 Strategies for Mitigating Risks in Municipal Bond Investments Chapter 10: Secondary Market Trading and Pricing of Municipal Bonds Chapter 11: Evaluating Municipal Bond Funds and ETFs Chapter 12: Advanced Topics in Municipal Bond Investing
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Municipal Bonds by : Sylvan G. Feldstein
Download or read book The Handbook of Municipal Bonds written by Sylvan G. Feldstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-13 with total page 1381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Handbook of Municipal Bonds, editors Sylvan Feldstein and Frank Fabozzi provide traders, bankers, and advisors—among other industry participants—with a well-rounded look at the industry of tax-exempt municipal bonds. Chapter by chapter, a diverse group of experienced contributors provide detailed explanations and a variety of relevant examples that illuminate essential elements of this area. With this book as your guide, you’ll quickly become familiar with both buy side and sell side issues as well as important innovations in this field.
Book Synopsis Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market by : Triet Nguyen
Download or read book Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market written by Triet Nguyen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to profiting from the high yield municipal market This unique guide to the high yield municipal bond market sheds some much-needed light on this esoteric but profitable corner of the fixed-income world. It fills the void between the general reference handbooks on municipal bonds and the superficial treatment of do-it-yourself bond guides, with an emphasis on practical trading applications. Having witnessed the beginning of the modern high yield tax-exempt institutional market, author Triet Nguyen documents its historical evolution, outlines a conceptual framework for high yield tax-free investing, one that takes into account both interest rate and credit cycles, and reviews the latest historical data on municipal defaults, including for the first time the non-rated sector. Current distressed opportunities are also discussed. Along the way, Nguyen takes the time to discuss in detail the pros and cons of investing in pre-packaged high yield vehicles—from mutual funds to hedge funds to exchange-traded funds—with frank and objective insider tips on how these slickly marketed products really work. For the truly committed investor who wants to do his or her own homework, Nguyen and a group of industry experts go over the key investment considerations for several major classes of high yield tax-exempt bonds. Offers unique insights into the risk/return, trading, and liquidity characteristics of high yield municipal instruments Includes interesting case studies to fully illustrate the high yield investing process Written by an insider of both the asset management industry and the broker-dealer community Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market will put you in a better position to profit in this arena and help you excel in today's tough financial environment.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Municipal Bonds by : Joe Mysak
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Municipal Bonds written by Joe Mysak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible reference that explores every aspect of the municipal bond market Until now, there has been no accessible encyclopedia, dictionary, nor guide to the world of municipal bonds. Comprehensive and objective, this groundbreaking volume covers the history and mechanics of the municipal market in clear and understandable terms. It covers all aspects of the market, including pricing, trading, taxation issues and yields, as well as topical events such as the financial crisis, hysteria about defaults and Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy, fraud, and regulation. Encyclopedia of Municipal Bonds also contains entries on important historical events and provides much-needed context for this field. Everything you ever wanted to know about municipal bonds in one comprehensive resource Joe Mysak is the author of the Bloomberg bestseller Handbook for Muni Issuers Demystifies the world of municipal bonds for both the novice and professional investor Explores issues such as the Orange County bankruptcy, the Jefferson County default, the New York City financial crisis, and the surprisingly recent creation of the modern municipal market Encyclopedia of Municipal Bonds offers an essential reference guide for investors, professionals, regulators, insurers, and anyone else involved in the municipal bond market.
Book Synopsis The Relative Yields of Tax-Exempt and Taxable Bonds by : John Chalmers
Download or read book The Relative Yields of Tax-Exempt and Taxable Bonds written by John Chalmers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fama (1977) and Miller (1977) predict that one minus the corporate tax rate will equate the after-tax yield from a taxable bond to the tax-exempt yield. This prediction is not rejected for short maturity tax-exempt and taxable bonds. However, at long maturities the yields on tax-exempt bonds are higher than predicted by the theory. A popular explanation for this empirical fact is that municipal bonds bear more default risk than comparable taxable bonds. A sample of municipal bonds that are secured by irrevocable escrows of U.S. Treasury securities is used to examine the relation between taxable and tax-exempt yields. The results show that default-free tax-exempt yields display the same tendency to be too high relative to the Fama and Miller prediction. This fact implies that differential default risk does not explain relatively high yields on long-term tax-exempt bonds. This paper also documents a curious fact. U.S. Government secured municipal bonds have higher yields than comparable maturity AAA rated municipal bonds that are not secured by U.S. Treasury bonds.
Download or read book Municipal Bonds written by Robert B. Lamb and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1980 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Default Risk Cannot Explain the Muni Puzzle by : John Chalmers
Download or read book Default Risk Cannot Explain the Muni Puzzle written by John Chalmers and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fama (1977) and Miller (1977) predict, that one minus the corporate tax rate will equate after-tax yields from comparable taxable and tax-exempt bonds. Empirical evidence show that long-term tax-exempt yields are higher than the theory predicts. Two popular explanations for this empirical puzzle are that, relative to taxable bonds, municipal bonds bear more default risk and include costly call options. I study U.S. government secured municipal bond yields that are effectively default-free and non-callable. These municipal yields display the same tendency to be too high. I conclude that differential default risk and call options do not explain the muni puzzle.
Book Synopsis Buying Municipal Bonds by : John Andrew
Download or read book Buying Municipal Bonds written by John Andrew and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Government Financial Condition and Expected Tax Rates Reflected in Municipal Bond Yields by : Sangkyun Park
Download or read book The Relationship Between Government Financial Condition and Expected Tax Rates Reflected in Municipal Bond Yields written by Sangkyun Park and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stock Market Yields and the Pricing of Municipal Bonds by : N. Gregory Mankiw
Download or read book Stock Market Yields and the Pricing of Municipal Bonds written by N. Gregory Mankiw and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes an alternative to the traditional model for explaining the spread between taxable and tax-exempt bond yields. This alternative model is a special case of a general class of clientele models of portfolio choice and asset market equilibrium. In particular, we consider a setting with two types of investors, a taxable investor and a tax-exempt investor, who hold specialized bond portfolios. The tax-exempt investor holds only taxable bonds, and the taxable investor holds only tax-exempt bonds. Both investors hold equity, and the taxable and tax-exempt bond markets are linked through the equilibrium conditions governing equity holding and bond holding for each type of investor. In contrast to the traditional model, this alternative model has the potential to explain the small observed spread between taxable and tax-exempt yields. In addition, this model predicts that the yield spread between taxable and tax-exempt bonds should be an increasing function of the dividend yield on corporate stocks. Although the substantial changes in the tax code during the last four decades complicate the testing of this model, we find some support for the predicted relationship between the equity dividend yield and the yield spread between taxable and tax-exempt bonds.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Municipal Bond Market by : Sean Mikel Wilkoff
Download or read book Essays on the Municipal Bond Market written by Sean Mikel Wilkoff and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The municipal bond market is a financial market that does not draw much attention from academics, researchers, the government or practitioners. However, that changed recently when the largest recession since the Great Depression impacted the U.S. economy. Now everyone is struggling to understand two major questions: 1) How do we mark to market bonds in illiquid markets? and 2) Why are 50% of new issues insured in a market that has the lowest default rate of any bond market other than the treasury market? This dissertation examines those questions in three parts. The first part, The Effect of Insurance on Municipal Bond Yields, studies the difference between insured and uninsured municipal bond yields. I find that although some of that difference is attributable to the effect of insurance, another channel comes from self selection to insure -- municipalities that choose to insure differ significantly from municipalities who choose not to insure. Without accounting for the latter self selection the insurance benefit appears undervalued. By focusing on municipalities with both outstanding insured and uninsured bonds (mixed municipalities), I identify that in the pre-crisis period insurance for such municipalities reduces municipal bond yields by 8 basis points. But analysis of homogeneous municipalities reveals the self selection effect raises yields by 6 basis points. However, during the recent financial crisis, insurance continued to lower yields by 8 bps, whereas the self selection effect increased yields by 18 basis points. Thus, my work explains the recent initially puzzling phenomenon when insured yields rose above uninsured yields. The second part, The Effect of Insurance on Liqudity, examines liquidity in the municipal bond market during the recent financial crisis. I analyze the effects of insurance on liquidity for municipal bonds and estimate how the effects of insurance change when the insurers face a loss of capital and rating downgrades. I measure liquidity in the three ways most suited for illiquid markets: the Amihud measure, Roll's bid-ask measure, and turnover. By all three measures, both before and after the financial crisis, bonds with insurance are less liquid than bonds without insurance. I also find that the liquidity of bonds with insurance decreases over the financial crisis. These findings indicate that insurance does not improve liquidity. The third part, A Municipal Bond Market Index Based on a Repeat Sales Methodology, introduces a repeat sales methodology to create an index for the municipal bond market based on transactional prices, because the current indices are based on estimated bond prices. The repeat sales methodology can calculate an index for any municipal bond characteristic. I create and analyze indices for the municipal bond market and separate indices by rating, maturity, and characteristics such as insurance and bond type (i.e. General Obligation or Revenue). Repeat sales methodology is based on the assumption that characteristics of the bond do not change over time which means the movements in bond prices are due to evolving market conditions. I compare the repeat sales indices with the existing municipal bond indices and find the repeat sales indices highly correlated with the current indices with a correlation of .8.
Book Synopsis Municipal Bond Finance and Administration by : Alan Rabinowitz
Download or read book Municipal Bond Finance and Administration written by Alan Rabinowitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1969 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds by : SIFMA
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds written by SIFMA and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive new edition of the most trusted book on municipal bonds As of the end of 1998, municipal bonds, issued by state or local governments to finance public works programs, such as the building of schools, streets, and electrical grids, totaled almost $1.5 trillion in outstanding debt, a number that has only increased over time. The market for these bonds is comprised of many types of professionals—investment bankers, underwriters, traders, analysts, attorneys, rating agencies, brokers, and regulators—who are paid interest and principal according to a fixed schedule. Intended for investment professionals interested in how US municipal bonds work, The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds, Sixth Edition explains the bond contract and recent changes in this market, providing investors with the information and tools they need to make bonds reliable parts of their portfolios. The market is very different from when the fifth edition was published more than ten years ago, and this revision reasserts Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds as the preeminent text in the field Explores the basics of municipal securities, including the issuers, the primary market, and the secondary market Key areas, such as investing in bonds, credit analysis, interest rates, and regulatory and disclosure requirements, are covered in detail This revised edition includes appendixes, a glossary, and a list of financial products related to applying the fundamentals of municipal bonds An official book of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) With today's financial market in recovery and still highly volatile, investors are looking for a safe and steady way to grow their money without having to invest in stocks. The bond market has always been a safe haven, although confusing new bonds and bond funds make it increasingly difficult for unfamiliar investors to decide on the most suitable fixed income investments.
Book Synopsis Liquidity in U.S. Fixed Income Markets by : Sugato Chakravarty
Download or read book Liquidity in U.S. Fixed Income Markets written by Sugato Chakravarty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the determinants of the realized bid-ask spread in the U.S. corporate, municipal and government bond markets for the years 1995 to 1997, based on newly available transactions data. Overall, we find that liquidity is an important determinant of the realized bid-ask spread in all three markets. Specifically, in all markets, the realized bid-ask spread decreases in the trading volume. Additionally, risk factors are important in the corporate and municipal markets. In these markets, the bid-ask spread increases in the remaining-time-to maturity of a bond. The corporate bond spread also increases in credit risk and the age of a bond. The municipal bond spread increases in the after-tax bond yield. Controlling for others factors, the municipal bond spread is higher than the government bond spread by about 9 cents per $100 par value, but the corporate bond spread is not. Consistent with improved pricing transparency, the bid-ask spread in the corporate and municipal bond markets is lower in 1997 by about 7 to 11 cents per $100 par value, relative to the earlier years. Finally, the ten largest corporate bond dealers earn 15 cents per $100 par value higher than the remaining dealers, after controlling for differences in the characteristics of bonds traded by each group. We find no such differences for the government and municipal bond dealers.
