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Lignocellulose Valorization Fractionation Conversion And Applications
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Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Valorization: Fractionation, Conversion and Applications by : Xiaojun Shen
Download or read book Lignocellulose Valorization: Fractionation, Conversion and Applications written by Xiaojun Shen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lignin Valorization by : Gregg T. Beckham
Download or read book Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.
Book Synopsis Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals by : Thallada Bhaskar
Download or read book Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Lignin Biorefinery discusses the scientific and technical information relating to the structure and physico-chemical characteristics of lignin. The book covers the different processes (biological, thermal and catalytic routes) available for lignin conversion into specialty chemicals or fuels, activity relationships, and how optimized process parameters help establish the feasible size of the commercial plant in a centralized or decentralized model. In addition, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy, chemicals, biopolymers, drug intermediates, activated carbons, and much more. Includes information on the most advanced and innovative processes for lignin conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes for lignin valorization Provides information on lignin chemistry and its conversion into high value chemicals and fuels Presents a book designed as a text book, not merely a collection of research articles
Book Synopsis Advancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals by : Arthur J. Ragauskas
Download or read book Advancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals written by Arthur J. Ragauskas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic biomass has great potentials as an alternative feedstock for fuels and chemicals. For effective utilization of biomass, biomass recalcitrance, which is inherent resistance of plant cell walls to biological deconstruction, needs to be reduced. Among many factors in biomass, lignin is significantly related to biomass recalcitrance. Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, is the largest non-carbohydrate component (15-40% dry weight) in most terrestrial plants. In nature, it provides a structural integrity, facilitates water and nutrient transport, and protects plants from microbial attack. From a different angle, lignin significantly contributes to biomass recalcitrance, so it is necessary to reduce and/or modify the lignin for effective conversion of biomass. Genetic modifications of the lignin biosynthetic pathway and lignin-targeting pretreatments have been developed to minimize the lignin-induced biomass recalcitrance. High carbon content of lignin also renders it an attractive feedstock for many applications. About 100,000 to 200,000 tons of lignin can be generated per year as a byproduct from cellulosic ethanol production, so valorization of these lignins could be one of keys for achieving economic biorefinery. However, investigations of lignin conversion have not been accomplished as the utilization of carbohydrates in biomass. Depolymerization of lignin is still challenging because of its broad distribution of bond strengths, recondensation of low-molecular species, and poor product selectivity. Diverse biological and thermochemical depolymerization methods have been investigated to overcome these barriers. In this Research Topic, recent advancements in biomass recalcitrance by effective utilization of lignin are introduced.
Book Synopsis Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery by : S.I. Mussatto
Download or read book Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery written by S.I. Mussatto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock-based Biorefinery reviews the extensive research and tremendous scientific and technological developments that have occurred in the area of biorefinering, including industrial processes and product development using ‘green technologies’, often referred as white biotechnology. As there is a huge need for new design concepts for modern biorefineries as an alternative and amendment to industrial crude oil and gas refineries, this book presents the most important topics related to biomass fractionation, including advances, challenges, and perspectives, all with references to current literature for further study. Presented in 26 chapters by international field specialists, each chapter consists of review text that comprises the most recent advances, challenges, and perspectives for each fractionation technique. The book is an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass Reviews numerous valuable products from lignocellulose Discusses integration of processes for complete biomass conversion with minimum waste generation Identifies the research gaps in scale-up Presents an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation
Book Synopsis Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications by : Shahid ul-Islam
Download or read book Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications written by Shahid ul-Islam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HANDBOOK of BIOMASS VALORIZATION for INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The handbook provides a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on biomass valorization, from advanced fabrication methodologies through useful derived materials, to current and potential application sectors. Industrial sectors, such as food, textiles, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, generate massive amounts of waste each year, the disposal of which has become a major issue worldwide. As a result, implementing a circular economy that employs sustainable practices in waste management is critical for any industry. Moreover, fossil fuels, which are the primary sources of fuel in the transportation sector, are also being rapidly depleted at an alarming rate. Therefore, to combat these global issues without increasing our carbon footprint, we must look for renewable resources to produce chemicals and biomaterials. In that context, agricultural waste materials are gaining popularity as cost-effective and abundantly available alternatives to fossil resources for the production of a variety of value-added products, including renewable fuels, fuel components, and fuel additives. Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications investigates current and emerging feedstocks, as well as provides in-depth technical information on advanced catalytic processes and technologies that enable the development of all possible alternative energy sources. The 22 chapters of this book comprehensively cover the valorization of agricultural wastes and their various uses in value-added applications like energy, biofuels, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of materials sciences, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, energy, environment, chemistry, etc. This book will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups, and scientists working in the field of valorization of biomass.
Book Synopsis Valorization of Kraft Lignin by Fractionation and Chemical Modifications for Different Applications by : Selda Aminzadeh
Download or read book Valorization of Kraft Lignin by Fractionation and Chemical Modifications for Different Applications written by Selda Aminzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lignin Chemistry written by Yuhe Liao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin Chemistry A thorough reference guide to Lignin Chemistry, from inherent structure revealing to transformation into chemicals, fuels, and materials Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions, is the defining challenge of our time. Reducing our dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels will require alternative, more sustainable resources. Lignin, the only widely-occurring, renewable, aromatic bio-polymer in Nature, has a range of application potential in the production of chemicals, fuels, and other industrial materials. Lignin science has become one of the fastest-growing and most significant areas of sustainable chemistry in the world. Lignin Chemistry: Characterization, Isolation, and Valorization presents a systematic, multidisciplinary overview of this cutting-edge field and its current state of research. Beginning with a robust characterization of lignin, the book addresses the isolation and transformation of lignin, as well as the book inspires with a plethora of applications. The result is a critical resource for researchers and professionals in any area of academic or industry where renewable biomass, in particular lignin, has importance. Lignin Chemistry readers will find: Thermochemical and catalytic strategies for lignin conversion Detailed discussion of the valorization of lignin towards biopolymers, nanoparticles, carbon fibers and materials, and hydrogels An authorial team with immense and varied research experience Lignin Chemistry is ideal for chemical engineers, catalytic chemists, biochemists, material scientists, and analytical chemists in industry.
Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Book Synopsis Valorization of Biomass to Value-Added Commodities by : Michael O. Daramola
Download or read book Valorization of Biomass to Value-Added Commodities written by Michael O. Daramola and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most up-to-date technologies for the transformation of biomass into valuable fuels, chemicals, materials, and products. It provides comprehensive coverage of the characterization and fractionation of various types of biomass and details the many challenges that are currently encountered during this process. Divided into two sections, this book discusses timely topics such as the characterization of biomass feedstock, pretreatment and fractionation of biomass, and describes the process for conversion of biomass to value-added commodities. The authors bring biomass transformational strategies that are yet to be explored to the forefront, making this innovative book useful for graduate students and researchers in academia, government, and industry.
Book Synopsis Applications of Acidic Lithium Bromide Trihydrate in Lignocellulose Biorefining by : Ning Li
Download or read book Applications of Acidic Lithium Bromide Trihydrate in Lignocellulose Biorefining written by Ning Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acidic lithium bromide trihydrate (ALBTH, an inorganic ionic liquid solution) is an excellent solvent for swelling, dissolving, and controlled hydrolyzing recalcitrant cellulose, and fractionating lignocellulose. The objectives of this thesis are to exploit ALBTH in pursuit of more competitive lignocellulose biorefining, including lignin quantitation, fractionation and saccharification of lignocellulose, oligosaccharide synthesis, and preparation of cellulose nanocrystals. Lignin quantitation of lignocellulosic biomass is an essential and routine assay in the areas of plant chemistry, forage, biomass conversion, and pulp & paper. In Chapter 2, a facile and quick method was developed to quantitate lignin in lignocellulosic biomass by using ALBTH as a reaction medium. Cellulose and hemicelluloses in the biomass were quickly and completely dissolved and hydrolyzed, leaving insoluble residue (major) for gravimetric quantitation and soluble lignin (minor) determined by UV spectrophotometry. The recommended conditions for the ALBTH method were 60 wt% LiBr solution containing 40 mM HCl, 110 °C, and 30 min. The ALBTH method gave comparable lignin (both insoluble and soluble lignin) quantity with the Klason method for varied biomass species including hardwood, softwood, and grasses. The ALBTH method followed a one-step procedure in shorter quantitation time (~30 min) than the Klason method (>3 h) and avoided the potential hazards of utilizing concentrated sulfuric acid. Following Chapter 2, the lignin fractions isolated from lignocellulose by dissolution and hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses were characterized in order to investigate the chemical fate of native lignin in the ALBTH system. Abundant uncondensed moieties (i.e., Hibbert's ketones and benzodioxanes) and partial depolymerization of native lignin were discovered in the isolated ALBTH lignin. Reactions using lignin model compounds (LMCs, guaiacylglycerol-[Beta]-guaiacyl ether and various aromatic monomers) confirmed the formation of the uncondensed moieties and revealed the synergy between LiBr and acid in cleaving the [Beta]-O-4 aryl ether bonds. Unlike in the LMC reactions, the condensation of the real lignin in biomass under ALBTH conditions was greatly diminished, possibly due to the limited solvation of the insoluble lignin in ALBTH. This research (Chapter 3) provides a new approach to effectively isolate depolymerized lignin from lignocellulose in a less condensed form for boosting its downstream valorization. In a practical fractionation and saccharification process (Chapter 4), poplar at high biomass loading (30%-80%, w/v) was treated in ALBTH to produce mono- and oligosaccharides under milder conditions (110 °C and 0.02-0.24 M HCl), while lignin as insoluble residue was isolated with negligible condensation. The maximum soluble mono- and oligosaccharides from glucan (91.0%, oligomer to monomer ratio=1.10) and xylan (90.7%, oligomer to monomer ratio=0.63) were produced at 60% (w/v) biomass loading. Characterization of the oligosaccharide fractions from both poplar and cellulose as a model compound, revealed a top-down process to yield oligosaccharides from polysaccharides through both controlled hydrolysis and simultaneous glycosylation. Inspired by the occurrence of glycosylation in ALBTH, Chapter 5 demonstrated a novel process for high-single pass yield (up to 75%) and high-selectivity (~99%) synthesis of glucooligosaccharides (GlOS) from glucose via non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction in ALBTH. The synthesized GlOS were composed of 2-9 anhydrous glucose units, which were linked predominantly via Îł/Îø-1,6 glycosidic bonds (69%), followed by [alpha]/[Beta]-1,3, [alpha]/[Beta]-1,2, [alpha]/[Beta]-1,1, and [alpha]-1,4 glycosidic bonds. The enhanced glycosylation in ALBTH was attributed to the unique properties of the ALBTH system including the low water concentration, the high capacity of dissolving glucose, and the enhanced acid dissociation in the system. Preliminary in vitro fermentation tests with select probiotic strains verified the prebiotic potential of the synthesized GlOS. In the last part (Chapter 6), the severity of the ALBTH treatment was further attenuated so that hydrolysis of cellulose occurred under swelling conditions with 2.5 mM H2SO4 (denoted as MALBTH). This system contributed to a facile method to prepare cellulose II nanocrystal (CNC) directly from commercially available cellulose I feedstock (bleached kraft pulp, BKP) via simultaneous polymorph transformation and hydrolysis in MALBTH. Under mild oxidation conditions by ammonium persulfate (APS, 0.1-0.6 M), the oxidized CNC (ox-CNC) was released with ultra-high crystallinity (above 90%), flexible surface carboxyl group (0.3-1.2 mmol/gcellulose) and excellent colloidal stability (up to -59 mV zeta potential). Varying the MALBTH hydrolysis and the APS oxidation severities, resulted in ox-CNC with a tunable length (10-200 nm) and relative constant lateral dimensions (8-10 nm). This study contributed to expanding the portfolio of versatile CNC with flexible aspect ratios and improved colloidal properties.
Book Synopsis Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignicellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams by : Leonidas Matsakas
Download or read book Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignicellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams written by Leonidas Matsakas and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving towards a sustainable and green economy requires the use of renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. In such a scenario, the use of lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams plays an important role, as it consists of abundant renewable resources. The complex nature of lignocellulosic biomass dictates the use of a pretreatment process prior to any further processing. Traditional methods of biomass pretreatment fail to recover cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in clean streams. It has been recognized that the efficient use of all the main fractions of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is an important step towards a financially sustainable biomass biorefinery. In this context, switching from biomass pretreatment to biomass fractionation can offer a sustainable solution to recover relatively clean streams of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This Special issue aims at exploring the most advanced solutions in biomass and waste pretreatment and fractionation techniques, together with novel (thermo)chemical and biochemical processes for the conversion of fractionated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and biomaterials, including the application of such products (i.e., use of biochar for filtration and metallurgical processes), as well as recent developments in kinetic, thermodynamic, and numeric modeling of conversion processes. The scope of this Special Issue will also cover progress in advanced measuring methods and techniques used in the characterization of biomass, waste, and products.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Conversion by : Vincenza Faraco
Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.
Book Synopsis Novel Bio Based Catalytic Strategies for the Fractionation and Valorization of Lignocellulose by : Philipp M. Grande
Download or read book Novel Bio Based Catalytic Strategies for the Fractionation and Valorization of Lignocellulose written by Philipp M. Grande and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries by : Jean-Luc Wertz
Download or read book Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries written by Jean-Luc Wertz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries provides an understanding of lignocellulosic biomass, which is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. It promotes the valorization of these molecules in the context of the bioeconomy and presents hemicelluloses and lignin, which are generated in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as the molecules of the future. The viability of these molecules lies in their renewability and potential. This book covers all aspects of hemicelluloses and lignin including structure, biosynthesis, extraction, biodegradation, and conversion. The book also looks ahead to the socioeconomic and environmental value of biobased industry and emphasizes an understanding of the potential of lignocellulosic biomass.
Book Synopsis Application of Hydrothermal Reactions to Biomass Conversion by : Fangming Jin
Download or read book Application of Hydrothermal Reactions to Biomass Conversion written by Fangming Jin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the recent advances in hydrothermal conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels, and consists of 15 chapters. It introduces the properties of high-temperature water, the merits of hydrothermal conversion of biomass, and some novel hydrothermal conversion processes, mainly including hydrothermal production of value-added products, hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal carbonization. This book introduces a new concept for counteracting the imbalance in the carbon cycle, which is caused by the rapid consumption of fossil fuels in anthropogenic activities in combination with the slow formation of fossil fuels. Accordingly, the book is useful in conveying a fundamental understanding of hydrothermal conversion of biomass in the carbon cycle so that a contribution can be made to achieving sustainable energy and environment. It is also interesting to a wide readership in various fields including chemical, geologic and environmental science and engineering. Fangming Jin is a Distinguished Professor at the School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Book Synopsis Genetic Engineering, Pretreatment, Thermochemical, and Biochemconversion for Lignocellulose Valorization by : Xiaojun Shen
Download or read book Genetic Engineering, Pretreatment, Thermochemical, and Biochemconversion for Lignocellulose Valorization written by Xiaojun Shen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-15 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
