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Lifetime Evaluation Of Plasma Facing Materials During A Tokamak Disruption
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Book Synopsis Lifetime Evaluation of Plasma-facing Materials During a Tokamak Disruption by :
Download or read book Lifetime Evaluation of Plasma-facing Materials During a Tokamak Disruption written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erosion losses of plasma-facing materials in a tokamak reactor during major disruptions, giant ELMS, and large power excursions are serious concerns that influence component survivability and overall lifetime. Two different mechanisms lead to material erosion during these events: surface vaporization and loss of the melt layer. Hydrodynamics and radiation transport in the rapidly developed vapor-cloud region above the exposed area are found to control and determine the net erosion thickness from surface vaporization. A comprehensive self-consistent kinetic model has been developed in which the time-dependent optical properties and the radiation field of the vapor cloud are calculated in order to correctly estimate the radiation flux at the divertor surface. The developed melt layer of metallic divertor materials will, however, be free to move and can be eroded away due to various forces., Physical mechanisms that affect surface vaporization and cause melt layer erosion are integrated in a comprehensive model. It is found that for metallic components such as beryllium and tungsten, lifetime due to these abnormal events will be controlled and dominated by the evolution and hydrodynamics of the melt layer during the disruption. The dependence of divertor plate lifetime on various aspects of plasma/material interaction physics is discussed.
Book Synopsis Hydrodynamic Effects of Eroded Materials on Response of Plasma-facing Component During a Tokamak Disruption by :
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Effects of Eroded Materials on Response of Plasma-facing Component During a Tokamak Disruption written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loss of plasma confinement causes surface and structural damage to plasma-facing materials (PFMs) and remains a major obstacle for tokamak reactors. The deposited plasma energy results in surface erosion and structural failure. The surface erosion consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials, while the structural damage includes large temperature increases in structural materials and at the interfaces between surface coatings and structural members. Comprehensive models (contained in the HEIGHTS computer simulation package) are being used self-consistently to evaluate material damage. Splashing mechanisms occur as a result of volume bubble boiling and liquid hydrodynamic instabilities and brittle destruction mechanisms of nonmelting materials. The effect of macroscopic erosion on total mass losses and lifetime is evaluated. The macroscopic erosion products may further protect PFMs from severe erosion (via the droplet-shielding effect) in a manner similar to that of the vapor shielding concept.
Book Synopsis Erosion of Melt Layers Developed During a Plasma Disruption by :
Download or read book Erosion of Melt Layers Developed During a Plasma Disruption written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material erosion of plasma-facing components during a tokamak disruption is a serious problem that limits reactor operation and economical reactor lifetime. In particular, metallic low-Z components such as Be will be subjected to severe melting during disruptions and edge localized models (ELMs). Loss of the developed melt layer will critically shorten the lifetime of these components, severely contaminate the plasma, and seriously inhibit successful and reliable operation of the reactor. In this study mechanisms responsible for melt-layer loss during a disruption are modeled and evaluated. Implications of melt-layer loss on the performance of metallic facing components in the reactor environment are discussed.
Book Synopsis Fusion Technology 1996 by : C. Varandas
Download or read book Fusion Technology 1996 written by C. Varandas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 1057 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of these proceedings was to provide a platform for the exchange of information on the design, construction and operation of fusion experiments. The technology which is being developed for the next step devices and fusion reactors was also covered.
Book Synopsis Theory and Models of Material Erosion and Lifetime During Plasma Instabilities in a Tokamak Environment by :
Download or read book Theory and Models of Material Erosion and Lifetime During Plasma Instabilities in a Tokamak Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface and structural damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) due to the frequent loss of plasma confinement remains a serious problem for the tokamak reactor concept. The deposited plasma energy causes significant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination. Surface damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials. Structural damage includes large temperature increases in structural materials and at the interfaces between surface coatings and structural members. To evaluate the lifetimes of plasma-facing materials and nearby components and to predict the various forms of damage that they experience, comprehensive models (contained in the HEIGHTS computer simulation package) are developed, integrated self-consistently, and enhanced. Splashing mechanisms such as bubble boiling and various liquid magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and brittle destruction mechanisms of nonmelting materials are being examined. The design requirements and implications of plasma-facing and nearby components are discussed, along with recommendations to mitigate and reduce the effects of plasma instabilities on reactor components.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials by : C.H. Wu
Download or read book Hydrogen Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials written by C.H. Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important issues in the construction of future magnetic confinement fusion machines is that of the materials of which they are constructed, and one of the key points of proper material choice is the recycle of hydrogen isotopes with materials at the plasma face. Tritium machines demand high safety and economy, which in turn requires the lowest possible T inventory and smallest possible permeation through the plasma facing materials. The recycle behaviour of the in-vessel components must also be known if the plasma reaction is to predictable and controllable, and finally, the fuel cycle and plasma operating regimes may be actively controlled by special materials and methods. The book discusses both laboratory experiments exploring the basic properties of non-equilibrium hydrogen-solid systems (diffusion, absorption, boundary processes) and experimental results obtained from existing fusion machines under conditions simulating future situations to some extent. Contributions are from experts in the fields of nuclear fusion, materials science, surface science, vacuum science and technology, and solid state physics.
Book Synopsis Thermal Ablation of Plasma-facing Surfaces in Tokamak Disruptions by :
Download or read book Thermal Ablation of Plasma-facing Surfaces in Tokamak Disruptions written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ablation damage to solid targets with high heat flux impulses is generally greater high-energy electron beam heat sources compared to low-energy plasma guns. This sensitivity to incoming particle kinetic energy is explored with computer modelling; a fast-running routine (DESIRE) is developed for initial scoping analysis and is found to be in reasonable agreement with several experiments on graphite and tungsten targets. If tokamak disruptions are characterized by particle energies less than (approximately)1 keV, then we expect plasma guns are a better analogue than electron beams for simulating disruption behavior and testing candidate plasma-facing materials.
Book Synopsis Fusion Technology 1994 by : K. Herschbach
Download or read book Fusion Technology 1994 written by K. Herschbach and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT) conference is to set the stage for the exchange of information on the design, construction, and operation of fusion experiments and the technology which is being developed for the next-step devices and for fusion reactors. These proceedings therefore present an up-to-date and throrough review of the state-of-the art in this dynamic field.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Physical Models and Simulation Package for Plasma by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Physical Models and Simulation Package for Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to plasma-facing components (PFCS) from plasma instabilities remains a major obstacle to a successful tokamak concept. The extent of the damage depends on the detailed physics of the disrupting plasma, as well as on the physics of plasma-material interactions. A comprehensive computer package called High Energy Interaction with General Heterogeneous Target Systems (HEIGHTS) has been developed and consists of several integrated computer models that follow the beginning of a plasma disruption at the scrape-off layer (SOL) through the transport of the eroded debris and splashed target materials to nearby locations as a result of the deposited energy. The package can study, for the first time, plasma-turbulent behavior in the SOL and predict the plasma parameters and conditions at the divertor plate. Full two-dimensional (2-D) comprehensive radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models are coupled with target thermodynamics and liquid hydrodynamics to evaluate the integrated response of plasma-facing materials. Factors that influence the lifetime of plasma-facing and nearby components, such as loss of vapor-cloud confinement and vapor removal due to MHD effects, damage to nearby components due to intense vapor radiation, melt splashing, and brittle destruction of target materials, are also modeled and discussed.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Behavior of Plasma-facing Materials During Plasma Instabilities in Tokamak Reactors by :
Download or read book Dynamic Behavior of Plasma-facing Materials During Plasma Instabilities in Tokamak Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to plasma-facing and nearby components due to plasma instabilities remains a major obstacle to a successful tokamak concept. The high energy deposited on facing materials during plasma instabilities can cause severe erosion, plasma contamination, and structural failure of these components. Erosion damage can take various forms such as surface vaporization, spallation, and liquid ejection of metallic materials. Comprehensive thermodynamic and radiation hydrodynamic codes have been developed, integrated, and used to evaluate the extent of various damage to plasma-facing and nearby components. The eroded and splashed materials will be transported and then redeposited elsewhere on other plasma-facing components. Detailed physics of plasma/solid-liquid/vapor interaction in a strong magnetic field have been developed, optimized, and implemented in a self-consistent model. The plasma energy deposited in the evolving divertor debris is quickly and intensely reradiated, which may cause severe erosion and melting of other nearby components. Factors that influence and reduce vapor-shielding efficiency such as vapor diffusion and turbulence are also discussed and evaluated.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Real Ultimate Power by : Robert Hamburger
Download or read book Real Ultimate Power written by Robert Hamburger and published by Citadel Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty thousand web fans ahve already signed up to learn more about the publication of Real Ultimate Power. Where the web site leaves off, the book picks up. Just a few of the many topics completely exclusive to the book are: The Official Ninja Code of Honor, Fighting Styles, Some Frigg'n Bad Ass Ninja Weapons, A Ninja's Ninjas, How to Make Your Own Ninja Suit out of Stuff, the Official Ninja Game, the Official Ninja Quiz, and much more.
Book Synopsis Atomic and Plasma-material Interaction Data for Fusion by :
Download or read book Atomic and Plasma-material Interaction Data for Fusion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics by : Gerold A. Schneider
Download or read book Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics written by Gerold A. Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in advanced ceramics are critically evaluated in respect to their thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior from an interdisciplinary viewpoint by leading experts. The book covers the aspects of material development, mechanical and fracture mechanical models and experimental testing methods. Special emphasis is given to the influence of a rising crack resistance on the thermal shock behavior, novel irradiation testing methods for a quantitative characterization of the thermal shock and fatigue loading as well as detailed fracture mechanical models for single and multiple crack propagation. This book summarizes developments of the last decade concerning the thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior of advanced ceramics. The scientific articles of the book were carefully arranged in order to achieve a textbook-like form which will be of great value to researchers and students. (ABSTRACT) This book summarizes developments of the last decade concerning the thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior of advanced ceramics. The book covers the aspects of material development, mechanical and fracture mechanical models and testing methods. The scientific articles were carefully arranged in order to achieve a textbook-like form which will be of great value to researchers and students.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
