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Liberalization And Economic Performance Of The Informal Sector
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Book Synopsis Liberalization and Economic Performance of the Informal Sector by : Indrajit Bairagya
Download or read book Liberalization and Economic Performance of the Informal Sector written by Indrajit Bairagya and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact of liberalization on informality has been a subject of intense debate for many years and the major issue that has come up is whether liberalization helps to grow informal sector and informality in the economy or it is an obstruction for informal sector’s growth. Thus, in the light of the recent liberalization measure, this book sets to examine general presumptions of the development of informal sector in the context of the Indian economy. The book begins with a broad framework for analysis of output contribution and growth of the informal sector. Liberalization is measured by openness indices and inter-sectoral linkages. Impact of liberalization on growth contributions of informal sector is captured by openness indices (i.e. degree of openness to trade and principal component scores), technical efficiency (measured by Data Envelope Analysis and estimated by Tobit Censored Regression model) and components of productivity (computed by Malmquist total factor productivity index) of the informal enterprises by inter-sectoral linkages. The linkages are modeled theoretically in a neo-classical growth theory and empirically measured by sub-contracting arrangements between formal and informal enterprises. In addition, the book also provides implications on promotion of informal sector from the viewpoint of employment generation. The description and analyses of the book will help with policy implications and enlighten the readers on the development of informal sector.
Book Synopsis The Response of the Informal Sector to Trade Liberalization by : Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
Download or read book The Response of the Informal Sector to Trade Liberalization written by Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the relationship between trade liberalization and informality. It is often claimed that increased foreign competition in developing countries leads to an expansion of the informal sector, defined as the sector that does not comply with labor market legislation. Using data from two countries that experienced large trade barrier reductions in the 1980's and 1990's, Brazil and Colombia, we examine the response of the informal sector to liberalization. In Brazil, we find no evidence of a relationship between trade policy and informality. In Colombia, we do find evidence of such a relationship, but only for the period preceding a major labor market reform that increased the flexibility of the Colombian labor market. These results point to the significance of labor market institutions in assessing the effects of trade policy on the labor market.
Book Synopsis The Informal Economy in Developing Countries by : Jean-Pierre Cling
Download or read book The Informal Economy in Developing Countries written by Jean-Pierre Cling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informality is ubiquitous in most developing countries. Understanding the informal economy is therefore of utmost importance from a political, economic and social point of view. Paradoxically, despite its economic importance, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the informal economy. It remains largely unrecognized by researchers, is neglected by politicians, and is even negatively perceived as it is meant to disappear with development. This book aims to amend this situation by presenting recent high level research which studies the informal sector and informal employment. Fresh research into this subject is presented through empirical analysis which covers Asia, Africa and Latin America. Each chapter relies on data and a detailed knowledge of the context of the countries studied in order to question the dominant schools of thought on the origins and causes of informality. The results provide interesting insights into the constraints faced by informal workers, the dynamics of the informal economy and its link with poverty issues. On the basis of the evidences provided by results adequate policies could be defined to address informality issues. The principal characteristics of the informal sector testify to some profound similarities between developing countries: low qualifications and the precariousness of jobs, mediocre incomes and working conditions, atomization of production units and lack of articulation with the formal economy, etc. This general statement does not contradict the observation that there is a high level of heterogeneity in the sector and in informal employment within each country, confirmed by several chapters in this work. In the absence of a sufficient number of job creations, the informal sector essentially constitutes a refuge for workers seeking and is here to stay in the short and medium term, even in emerging countries.
Book Synopsis The Informal Economy Revisited by : Martha Chen
Download or read book The Informal Economy Revisited written by Martha Chen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark volume brings together leading scholars in the field to investigate recent conceptual shifts, research findings and policy debates on the informal economy as well as future challenges and directions for research and policy. Well over half of the global workforce and the vast majority of the workforce in developing countries work in the informal economy, and in countries around the world new forms of informal employment are emerging. Yet the informal workforce is not well understood, remains undervalued and is widely stigmatised. Contributors to the volume bridge a range of disciplinary perspectives including anthropology, development economics, law, political science, social policy, sociology, statistics, urban planning and design. The Informal Economy Revisited also focuses on specific groups of informal workers, including home-based workers, street vendors and waste pickers, to provide a grounded insight into disciplinary debates. Ultimately, the book calls for a paradigm shift in how the informal economy is perceived to reflect the realities of informal work in the Global South, as well as the informal practices of the state and capital, not just labour. The Informal Economy Revisited is the culmination of 20 years of pioneering work by WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing), a global network of researchers, development practitioners and organisations of informal workers in 90 countries. Researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and advocates will all find this book an invaluable guide to the significance and complexities of the informal economy, and its role in today’s globalised economy. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429200724, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
Book Synopsis Linking the Formal and Informal Economy by : Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis
Download or read book Linking the Formal and Informal Economy written by Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of studies on formality and informality in developing countries, this volume contains contributions from anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. It argues for moving beyond the formal-informal dichotomy, and offers information to develop guiding principles for intervention.
Download or read book Informalization written by Faruk Tabak and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, the rapid and unexpected growth of the informal economy in the core zones of the world economy - the United States in particular - has been the focus of much scholarly investigation. To examine the social and spatial pervasiveness of this world-historical process usually associated with the Third World, Faruk Tabak and Michaeline A. Crichlow bring together a group of contributors to broaden the historical and geographical context for the study of informalization.
Book Synopsis Informalization in Advanced Market Economies by : Saskia Sassen
Download or read book Informalization in Advanced Market Economies written by Saskia Sassen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of the Informal Sector by : Norman Loayza
Download or read book The Economics of the Informal Sector written by Norman Loayza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financial Liberalization by : P. Arestis
Download or read book Financial Liberalization written by P. Arestis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-09-08 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial liberalization thesis emerged in the 1970s and has been of considerable importance ever since, not merely in terms of its theoretical influence but, perhaps more importantly, in terms of its impact on policy makers and policy debates. Although it has encountered increasing scepticism over the years, it nevertheless had a relatively early impact on development policy, which still continues unabated, through the work of the IMF and the World Bank. The latter two institutions, perhaps in their traditional role as promoters of what were claimed to be free market conditions, were keen to encourage financial liberalization policies as part of more general reforms or stabilization programmes. This book explores what we have learned from the vast experience of the theoretical and policy aspects of the financial liberalization.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization and India's Informal Economy by : Barbara Harris-White
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and India's Informal Economy written by Barbara Harris-White and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at a workshop held in 2004.
Book Synopsis Economics of the Informal Sector by : Norman Loayza
Download or read book Economics of the Informal Sector written by Norman Loayza and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability for public services for everyone in the economy and increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all. Loayza presents the view that informal economies arise when governments impose excessive taxes and regulations that they are unable to enforce. Loayza studies the determinants and effects of the informal sector using an endogenous growth model whose production technology depends essentially on congestable public services. In this model, changes (in both policy parameters and the quality of government institutions) that promote an increase in the relative size of the informal economy will also generate a reduction in the rate of economic growth. Using data from Latin American countries in the early 1990s, Loayza tests some of the model's implications and estimates the size of the informal sector in these countries - identifying the size of the informal sector to latent variable for which multiple causes and indicators exist. The results suggest that: * The size of the informal sector depends positively on proxies for tax burden and restrictions on the labor market. * It depends negatively on a proxy for the quality of government institutions. * An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability of public services for everyone in the economy and by increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all. This paper - a product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to examine the determinants of economic growth.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Invisible by : Kevin J. Fandl
Download or read book Beyond the Invisible written by Kevin J. Fandl and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalization in Latin America has substantially altered business opportunities and economic development in the region. As barriers to competing inputs have come down and foreign investment in the region has gone up, small, domestic firms have struggled to stay afloat. Many small businesses have survived by skirting the legal requirements to operate a business, including registration and taxation, thereby bringing their operating costs just low enough to earn a profit. As trade liberalization continues to reduce barriers to foreign competition, and domestic firms face increasing pressure to compete, these informal firms have come under increasing pressure to legitimize or cease operations. With strong pressure from the tax-paying business community, international organizations, and foreign industry, many countries have increasingly begun formalization programs that target informality as a reason for slow growth in the face of open trade. In this thesis, I pose a straightforward question: Is formalization good for economic development? This question opens the door to an evaluation of the underlying cause of informality, the basis for the push for formalization, and an assessment of the likely result of such a process. Formalization attempts to remedy the problems of low productivity and aversion to compliance with the law through economic incentives, such as tax discounts and streamlined business procedures that are intended to help firms make their way into the formal marketplace. However, in many developing countries, the informal economy is an economic consequence of trade pressures, and a legal consequence of a failed social contract between the state and its small business community. In its current iteration, the formalization process is coupling the tools used to improve business practices and procedures with the legalization process for millions of existing informal firms. By doing so, the state is ignoring the dual legal and economic framework within which informal firms operate. Improvements in business processes are good for business and can help existing and intending formal firms succeed. But these are much less likely to overcome the deep-rooted failure of the state to address the needs of the bulk of the citizenry. I argue that an effective formalization process must 1) address the terms of the social contract between the state and its informal economy, and; 2) make improvements in social programs to protect the health, safety and prosperity of existing informal firm operators. It is my contention that informal firms have largely rejected the state's rule of law contract because the firms are unwilling to cede their freedom to operate an informal business in exchange for state protection of property or rights that they rarely possess. As such, in order to not only reduce the growth of the informal economy, but also to improve the rule of law, the state must take aggressive steps to reform their arrangement with the informal economy by building dynamic linkages between formal and informal legal and economic frameworks. An immediate step that states should take, I argue, is to implement programs that remove some hazards of operating an informal business by enforcing restrictions on the use of certain public space, providing safety equipment to street-based firms, and investing in improvements in the design of public space. This modified formalization approach is not intended to rapidly eliminate the informal economy. Rather, it is aimed at improving the economic development of the state through an enabling, rather than a punitive approach. This modified approach will increase the value of the social contract and rule of law to informal firms; illuminate a pathway to voluntary legalization; protect individuals operating informal firms, and; improve access to education, training, and social services for all small firms. Capitalizing on the contributions made by the informal economy to a state's economic development may help to turn a destructive process into a growth opportunity.
Book Synopsis The Silent Revolution by : A. Lawrence Chickering
Download or read book The Silent Revolution written by A. Lawrence Chickering and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An International Center for Economic Growth publication." Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-235) and index.
Book Synopsis Financial Liberalization and Economic Development by : Chan-guk Huh
Download or read book Financial Liberalization and Economic Development written by Chan-guk Huh and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Informal Economy by : Colin C. Williams
Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Colin C. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Long Shadow of Informality by : Franziska Ohnsorge
Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
Book Synopsis Informal Sector Innovations by : Mammo Muchie
Download or read book Informal Sector Innovations written by Mammo Muchie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well documented that the space of informal economic activity is rising across the globe. This rise has been particularly significant in the least developed and developing countries, especially after the onset of neo-liberal policies and withdrawal of welfare state. There has also been a shift in academic thinking on informal sector, with attempts being made to understand the contribution of informal sector in generating employment and economic growth rather than focusing solely on exploitative labour conditions in these economic activities. Indeed, with the retreat of welfare state and the introduction of contract labour in the formal sector, many issues related to occupational hazards and improper labour conditions do not remain unique to the informal sectors of the economy, particularly in less developed countries. This volume addresses a specific concern: the issue of knowledge generation and innovative activities, which lies at the core of sustained competitive advantage of these activities. The chapters in this book were originally published in the African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development.
