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Liability For Environmental Harm To The Global Commons
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Book Synopsis Liability for Environmental Harm to the Global Commons by : Neil Craik
Download or read book Liability for Environmental Harm to the Global Commons written by Neil Craik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines liability for environmental harm in Antarctic, deep seabed, and high seas commons areas, highlighting a unique set of legal questions: Who has standing to claim environmental harms in global commons ecosystems? How should questions of causation and liability be addressed where harm arises from a variety of activities by state and non-state actors? What kinds of harm should be compensable in global commons ecosystems, which are remote and characterized by high levels of scientific uncertainty? How can practical concerns such as ensuring adequate funds for compensation be resolved? This book provides the first in-depth examination and evaluation of current rules and possible avenues for future legal developments in this area of increasing importance for states, international organizations, commercial actors, and legal and governance scholars. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Book Synopsis Liability and Environment by : Lucas Bergkamp
Download or read book Liability and Environment written by Lucas Bergkamp and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liability and Environment analyzes the role of law, in particular civil liability, in controlling environmental pollution and risk. In modern environmental policy, liability has become a popular instrument. In this book, Prof. Bergkamp takes a fresh look at civil liability for environmental harm in an inter- and transnational context. Over the last decade, industry's liability exposure for environmental harm has expanded significantly. At the international, EC, and national level proposals for onerous strict environmental liability regimes are pending. The `polluter pays principle', which is an articulation of the `cost internalization' theory in the environmental area, is believed to justify such liability regimes. Applying an instrumental approach to legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp aims to redefine the role of liability in the heavily regulated environmental area. He shows that liability for environmental harm is not justified by the polluter pays principle, is an uncertain and unreliable instrument for achieving prevention, results in an inefficient insurance scheme, and plays a dubious role in adjusting activity levels. Based on an analysis of the basic characteristics of alternative legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp concludes that civil liability should play a more modest, limited role in an environmental law system dominated by public law. Where deterrence is not the objective, first party insurance, compensation funds, or other public law regimes should be preferred over liability rules. In addition to civil liability of private parties, Liability and Environment discusses State liability under international, EC, and national law. Under international law, breach of a primary obligation triggers a State's liability. Prof. Bergkamp argues that this rule should be applied also to liability of private parties. In the environmental area, a business' primary obligations are spelled out in detailed permit conditions, regulations, and statutes. According to Prof. Bergkamp, only if a primary obligation is breached, a private person should be liable for environmental harm. The system that Bergkamp advocates is an objective fault liability regime, in which public environmental law defines the standard of care for both government and industry. "In rebuilding our civil liability system, we should keep in mind that what is good for industry should be good for everyone (or it is not good for anyone), we should keep in mind that what is good for private parties should be good for the state (or it is not good for either). In rebuilding our civil liability system, the international law of State responsibility, which is unpolluted by risk spreading and activity level considerations, will guide us a long way." This book is aimed at advanced law students, academic scholars, and practitioners. In addition, it will be of interest to policy and legislative analysts, legislators, and government officials. Professor Bergkamp's book cannot be described as "solving" the problems of legal and regulatory control of environmental harm, whether within a nation or internationally. As suggested before, however, the very idea of a "solution" is illusory. All legal and regulatory regimes around the world are today and will remain for the future in a state of perpetually continuing development. The virtue of this fine book is that it moves the process of that development forward by a very substantial measure. from the Foreword by George L. Priest.
Book Synopsis Compensation for Environmental Damages Under International Law by : Tarcísio Hardman Reis
Download or read book Compensation for Environmental Damages Under International Law written by Tarcísio Hardman Reis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present there is no clear model under international law with which to determine compensation for environmental damage. After showing that no existing standard of compensation defined by the theory and practice of international law is adequate to cover all cases involving environmental damages - and that such a broad standard or set of standards may in fact be ultimately unachievable - the author of this important book develops a 'fair compensation' regime from an analysis of existing international dispute adjudication mechanisms, and presents this model as the best possible current approach to the conciliation of international responsibility and environmental interests.
Book Synopsis Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law by : Michael Bowman
Download or read book Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law written by Michael Bowman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the problems of defining and valuing "environmental damage" from the perspective of international and comparative law. The need for a broad and systematic evaluation of this issue is illustrated by the number of topics presently on the international law-making agenda to which it is relevant, including the UN Compensation Commission's decisions on compensation for environmental losses suffered by Kuwait in the Gulf War, nuclear and oil pollution liability regimes, the development of an environmental liability protocol to the Antarctic Treaty and other agreements on bio-safety and genetically modified organisms. It is thus an important element in contemporary efforts to strengthen legal remedies for environmental harm which does not necessarily come within traditional categories of legally protected personal or property rights.
Book Synopsis An Ecological Approach to International Law by : Prue Taylor
Download or read book An Ecological Approach to International Law written by Prue Taylor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-01-28 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Ecological Approach to International Law shows that international environmental law is fundamentally flawed and not equipped to meet global challenges. The book examines international legal responses to global climate change by analysing key concepts such as the doctrine of state sovereignty, the law on state responsibility, environmental rights and common heritage of mankind.
Book Synopsis Liability for Environmental Harm to the Global Commons by : Neil Craik
Download or read book Liability for Environmental Harm to the Global Commons written by Neil Craik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full examination of global legal rules governing liability for environmental harm in areas beyond the national jurisdiction of states.
Book Synopsis Liability for Transboundary Pollution at the Intersection of Public and Private International Law by : Guillaume Laganière
Download or read book Liability for Transboundary Pollution at the Intersection of Public and Private International Law written by Guillaume Laganière and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how public and private international law address civil liability for transboundary pollution. In public international law, civil liability treaties promote the implementation of minimum procedural standards in domestic tort law. This approach implicitly relies on private international law to facilitate civil litigation against transboundary polluters. Yet this connection remains poorly understood. Filling the gap, this book engages in a meaningful dialogue between the two areas and explores how domestic private international law can reflect the policies developed in international environmental law. It begins with an investigation of civil liability in international environmental law. It then identifies preferable rules of civil jurisdiction, foreign judgments and choice of law for environmental damage, using Canadian private international law as a case study and making extensive references to European law. Liability for transboundary pollution is a contentious issue of the law, both in scholarship and practice: international lawyers both private and public as well as environmental lawyers will welcome this important work.
Book Synopsis Environmental Damage and Liability Problems in a Multilevel Context by : Sandra Cassotta
Download or read book Environmental Damage and Liability Problems in a Multilevel Context written by Sandra Cassotta and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest at different decision-making levels (EU, international and national) in using liability as an element in solving the legal problems of environmental harm. The interest is founded on the necessity to take into account of complex inter-dependencies and interrelationships between the environmental media at global, regional and national levels. In an effort to implement the aims of sustainable development, new views of the traditional liability instrument have to be applied. The book focuses on the Environmental Liability Directive 2004/35/EC (the so-called “ELD”) on the prevention and remedying of environmental damage, and evaluates as to whether the ELD has achieved its goals and maintained its ambitions in terms of environmental protection, and what the optimal level of harmonization in terms of environmental protection is. In order to address the question of research of this book, an interdisciplinary framework of analysis and methodology combining political science and law are developed. Since environmental damage is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary problem, par excellence, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Consequently, the use of a multidisciplinary method, combining together in a systematic and rigorous fashion, law, political science, technical elements of economy, insurance law and natural science, is, in the research design of this study, necessary, in a view of tackling the topic in a scientific problem solving-oriented approach. The book draws the overall conclusions by suggesting proposals for amendments and recommendations to be utilized for possible redrafting of the ELD’s provisions for the time when the ELD will be object of a procedure of revision. This book will be of interest to practitioners in EU law and EU Environmental law, international environmental law, legal experts on the law of environmental liability, specialists within international organizations but also by political scientists, economists, insurance law specialists, and natural scientists.
Book Synopsis Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm by : Peter Gailhofer
Download or read book Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm written by Peter Gailhofer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book aims to elaborate on the legal prerequisites to establish the liability of corporations for transboundary environmental harm, not only by identifying existing liability rules, principles and standards but also by analysing their potential for further legal development. The authors consider international and transboundary liability law to currently be an underutilised tool for international environmental protection. The book seeks to address this by exploring what is needed in terms of legislative action and identifying options for judicial pliability, thereby providing an important legal contribution in furthering the development of an effective international and transnational environmental liability law regime.
Book Synopsis The Environment, Risk and Liability in International Law by : Julio Barboza
Download or read book The Environment, Risk and Liability in International Law written by Julio Barboza and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk has always been an element of life. Yet modern technology continues to spread environmentally hazardous activity beyond State boundaries. These hazardous—yet socially useful—activities exist in a grey area between legality and wrongfulness. The Environment, Risk and Liability in International Law explains the important role liability plays in risk management and environmental protection, within the realm of international law. The text explores questions such as the lawfulness of acts which negatively affect the environment, as well as who should be liable for transfrontier damages. From private to public interest, from individual to common concern, activities involving risk are a growing preoccupation of our societies.
Book Synopsis International Responsibility for Environmental Harm by : Francesco Francioni
Download or read book International Responsibility for Environmental Harm written by Francesco Francioni and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-11-25 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses international concern about the harm which may result from environmentally hazardous activities. It embraces traditional transboundary harm originating in one country and affecting the territory of another country and includes global transboundary harm occurring when the sources of pollution and the potential damages are so widespread that it is impossible to point out either a single responsible State or a single injured State. Rules relating to environmental harm may be found at the level of international responsibility for wrongful conduct, the level of international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law and the level of domestic or uniform rules on civil liability for hazardous activities. While there is a need for a more appropriate legal framework this book does not purport to give definite solutions to open questions. It describes legal tools presently available for dealing with the consequences of international environmental harm, and tries to focus on some specific risks or accidents, as well on some aspects of international cooperation.
Book Synopsis Global Environmental Change and Innovation in International Law by : Neil Craik
Download or read book Global Environmental Change and Innovation in International Law written by Neil Craik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores normative and institutional innovation in international law as a response to the challenges to global order posed by rapid environmental change.
Book Synopsis Transboundary Damage in International Law by : Hanqin Xue
Download or read book Transboundary Damage in International Law written by Hanqin Xue and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chernobyl disaster, the Amoco Cadiz oil spill and the Colorado River dispute are examples of an activity conducted by one state which has serious adverse effects in the territory of another, or in global common areas. This book details the international rules and compensation procedures and is intended for use by governmental officials, international lawyers and jurists. It discusses existing laws on international liability and considers the underlying legal issues that require further development. It is one of the few books on the subject written from the perspective of a developing country with rapid economic and social development.
Book Synopsis Strict Liability in International Environmental Law by : Alex Kiss
Download or read book Strict Liability in International Environmental Law written by Alex Kiss and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle that a State is responsible for causing environmental harm outside its territory in breach of an international obligation has been slow to evolve to address the allocation of loss due to accidents. In settling the well-known dispute between the United States and Canada concerning the activities of the Canadian smelter located in Trail, British Columbia, the arbitral tribunal asserted a general duty on the part of the State to protect other States from injurious acts by individuals (both state and non-state actors) within its jurisdictions. The tribunal, however, noted the difficulty determining what constitutes an injurious act, but it may be concluded that a State's failure to regulate or prevent serious harm from polluting activities, in instances where it would protect its own inhabitants, would constitute a wrongful act. The Trail Smelter arbitration left open the question of whether a State exercising all due diligence would be liable if transfrontier harm results despite the State's best efforts - whether there would be strict liability.States appear hesitant to accept international rules that would oblige them to restrict or accept liability for activities whose harmful environmental consequences are likely to be limited to their own territory. Here, economic interests play a major political role. However, specific activities such as nuclear activities and marine pollution present a significant risk for the environment of the commons or of other States. While international law has been slow in placing the risk of loss on the actor profiting from the enterprise, economic globalization potentially could lead to progress by harmonizing the conditions of operation in certain fields of activities dangerous to human health and to the environment.
Book Synopsis Responsibility for Environmental Damage by : Jason Rudall
Download or read book Responsibility for Environmental Damage written by Jason Rudall and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engaging with one of the most consequential issues of our time, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of responsibility for environmental damage under international law. In doing so, it considers the responsibility, liability and accountability of state and non-state actors for harm caused to the environment and non-compliance with environmental norms across a wide range of multilateral regulatory frameworks.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Liability by : Michael Faure
Download or read book Climate Change Liability written by Michael Faure and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on the growing issue of using liability as a tool for both preventing and compensating for the damage caused by climate change. Michael Faure and Marjan Peeters have brought together a selection of expert contributors who explore a variety of both national and European perspectives on the topic. Climate change liability is no longer only a theoretical idea since climate changelitigation has become so hotly debated and this book examines to what extent it can be used for mitigation and adaptation issues. Chapters discuss the potential role of liability within various legal systems, like the national systems of the USA and The Netherlands, but also EU and ECHR law. Liability is outlined in a broad perspective since not only compensation for damage suffered by plaintiffs isdiscussed, but also the need for prevention in order to obtain a reduction of greenhouse gases.
Book Synopsis The Law of Environmental Damage by : Marie-Louise Larsson
Download or read book The Law of Environmental Damage written by Marie-Louise Larsson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its starting point within international law, throughout its progression from regional national law, The Law of Environmental Damage combines the disciplines of environmental law, liability law and insurance in its analysis of the development of reparative environmental law. In the model adopted, three generations of reparative schemes are identified based on civil liability or administrative liability or self-taken measures from the area of insurance. The results of the study are evaluated within the framework of a theory of environmental efficiency; among other factors, the reparative effect of liability rules is discussed.
