Les Bases De La Production Vegetale

Author : Jean-Michel Gobat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book The Living Soil written by Jean-Michel Gobat and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1: Fundamentals of soil science. The soil, an ecological system. As many soils as persons concerned with soil. And the soil of the scientist? Evolving definitions. Building blocks of the soil system: inert constituents and living organisms. Mineral constituents. Organic constituents. The soil solution. The soil atmosphere. Living organisms: the microflora. Living organisms: the fauna. Soil properties. Texture, at the root of (almost) everything. Structure, a changing property. Porosity, or soil voids. The hydric regime, soil water. Temperature and pedoclimate. The clay-humus complex, exclusive property of the soil. Ionic exchanges in the soil. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation percentage. Soil ph, two-sided. Redox potential. From mineral fertility to overall fertility. Life in action. Plant and soil: an intimate and 'total' relation. Plant nutrition. At the junction of soil, plants and microorganisms: bioelements. Microorganisms: the soil 'proletariat'. The essential role of the fauna. Bioindication. Conclusion. Formation, development and classification of soils. Basic principles and phases of pedogenesis. Incorporation of organic substances. Transport of substances. The horizon: product of soil development. Factors influencing pedogenesis. Ordering through classification and nomenclature. Between life and soil: the humus forms. General picture of humus forms. Classification of humus forms. Well-differentiated functionings: some examples. The humiferous episolum as indicator of ecosystem dynamics. Part 2: Topics in soil biology. Soil and vegetation: relationships at many levels. A theory, questions, examples ... sometimes answers!. Ecosphere, biomes and pedogenetic processes: great landscape assemblages. Soils of an ecocomplex: very typical or less clear-cut. Phytocoenoses, synusiae and soil types: homogeneity and heterogeneity. Spruce forest with blechnum: a few species make the difference. Population and the edaphic factor: wet grasslands of lake neuchatel. Conclusion: relationships between soil and vegetation that vary according to circumstances. Dead wood, excrements, carcasses and stones: soil annexes. Mineral and organic annexes of soil. Direct annexes of mineral nature. Rapidly evolving direct organic annexes. Decomposition of wood: general principles. Degradation of wood at the scale of invertebrates. Decomposition of wood at the scale of fungi. Combination of fungi and insects in decomposition of wood. Indirect organic annexes. Conclusion. Jammed decomposition: from sphagnum to peat. Peat, an almost totally organic material. Formation of peat. Evolution of peat: processes, factors, speed. Histic horizons. Histosols. Hydric regime of histosols. Utilization and protection of peats and peatlands. Composting, a value addition to our wastes. Imitating nature?. Human wastes. Composting processes. Hygiene problems and solutions. Composting techniques. Characteristics of mature composts. Use of compost. Garden compost: a reservoir of animal biodiversity. Conclusion. Bioremediation of contaminated soils. Introduction. Bioremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals: phytoremediation. Bioremediation of soils contaminated by organic compounds. Conclusion. Animals and ecological niches. At what stage is soil zoology?. Tools of the zoologist. After capture, identification. Towards a little more knowledge of soil animals. The fauna in soil, ecological niche. Summary of the position and role of soil animals. Food chains and webs in soil. Trophic-dynamic principle of the ecosystem. How to study the food regimes?. Food chains. Food webs. Soil, recycling compartment of the ecosystem. How do detritus food chains function?. Modular expression of the detritus food chain. Conclusion. Soil enzymes. What is an enzyme?. The headache of soil enzymes. Principal types of soil enzymes. Biochemistry of humification. Conclusion. The rhizosphere: a (micro)biologically active interface between plant and soil. Recapitulation of definitions, generalities. Effects of the root on its environment. Responses of the microflora to root activity. Root environment of marsh plants: na 'inverted' rhizosphere. Methods for study of the rhizosphere microflora. Soil mutualistic symbioses. Mycorrhizal symbioses. Nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Conclusion. In the future... soil biology!. Soil biology and fundamental soil science knowledge. Soil biology and applied soil science. Soil biology and soil modelling. Soil biology and human society.