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Legal Protection Against Discriminatory Tax Legislation
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Book Synopsis Legal Protection Against Discriminatory Tax Legislation by : Hans L. M. Gribnau
Download or read book Legal Protection Against Discriminatory Tax Legislation written by Hans L. M. Gribnau and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In any democratically constituted regime, the real value of the principle of equality can be measured in a very revealing way: by evaluating the consistency and impartiality of tax legislation and its judicial review. Such an evaluation, using a comparative approach to applicable law in several European jurisdictions, is essentially what this book provides. The six authors, a supreme court justice, a professional tax consultant, a tax inspector, and three tax law academics, treat such crucial issues as the following: national variations in the extent of judicial power to review tax legislation; discriminatory tax legislation arising as a response to interest group pressures; the European Convention on Human Rights as the basis for the development of a fully operational principle of equality; the degree of appreciation that should be accorded the democratically legitimized legislature by the judiciary; the obligation to provide actual redress to victims of discrimination; and, the effect of the principle of freedom of establishment on the rules of international tax law. The authors refer throughout to all relevant sources of applicable law, including national constitutions, legislation, and case law; the EC Treaty and the European Convention on Human Rights; and the case law of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Clearly a valuable work for tax practitioners and policymakers, Legal Protection against Discriminatory Tax Legislation will also be appreciated by professionals and officials concerned with the complex day-to-day ramifications of the principles of equality and non-discrimination in European society.
Book Synopsis Tax Law and Racial Economic Justice by : Andre L. Smith
Download or read book Tax Law and Racial Economic Justice written by Andre L. Smith and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No study of Black people in America can be complete without considering how openly discriminatory tax laws helped establish a racial caste system in the United States, how they were designed to exclude blacks from lucrative markets and the voting franchise, and how tax laws extracted and redistributed vast sums of black wealth. Not only was slavery nearly a 100% tax on black labor, so too was Jim Crow apartheid and tax laws specified the peculiar institution as “negro slavery.” The first instances of affirmative action in the United States were tax laws designed to attract white men to the South. The nineteenth-century Federal Tariff indirectly redistributed perhaps a majority of the profits from slavery from the South to the North and is the principle reason the Confederate states seceded. The only constitutional amendment obtained by the Civil Rights Movement is the Twenty-Sixth Amendment abolishing poll taxes in federal elections. Blending traditional legal theory, neoclassical economics, and a pan-African view of history, these six interrelated essays on race and taxes demonstrate that, even in today’s supposedly post-racial society, there is no area of human activity where racial dynamics are absent.
Book Synopsis Non-discrimination in Tax Treaty Law and World Trade Law by : Kasper Dziurdź
Download or read book Non-discrimination in Tax Treaty Law and World Trade Law written by Kasper Dziurdź and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-discrimination is a central obligation under both tax treaty and trade law. However, in seeking to strike a balance between national and international interests, its application differs in the two areas of practice. This deeply researched and authoritative work, which explains the policy issues and how non-discrimination analysis works, provides a comprehensive review of non-discrimination rules in WTO and tax treaty law, combining a critical commentary on case law with proposals for an innovative concept for solving cases of discrimination in tax treaty law. Among the practical issues affecting non-discrimination examined in detail are the following: implications that can be drawn from the concepts of non-discrimination under WTO law and Article 24 of the OECD Model; direct and indirect discrimination and analysis of comparability in WTO law and tax treaty law; the MFN and NT rules under the GATT and GATS; the meaning of ‘likeness’ and ‘less favourable treatment’; claiming non-discriminatory tax treatment before tax administrations and courts under a tax treaty; justification of measures against harmful tax competition, low taxation and hybrid mismatch arrangements; thin capitalisation rules, progressive tax rates, foreign losses, group taxation and relief from juridical and economic double taxation under Article 24 of the OECD Model; and integrating a justification defence into any stage of a non-discrimination analysis. The author establishes to what extent formal, substantive and subjective approaches may be applied in a non-discrimination analysis, providing the reasons for the approaches taken. A two-step comparability procedure is applied to selected cases of potential tax discrimination, demonstrating how policy arguments can be addressed under Article 24 of the OECD Model. Drawing on over a half-century of case law in both areas of practice, this comprehensive study of the non-discrimination rules under WTO law and international tax law will be invaluable in systematically solving cases of tax discrimination under Article 24 of the OECD Model and putting forward arguments at any stage of a WTO analysis. Policymakers will benefit from the author’s clear explanation of how national law should comply with international obligations. Also, taxpayers’ advisers will proceed confidently in claims of tax treaty discrimination, and academics will discover an incomparable overview and analysis of anti-discrimination rules in international trade law and double taxation conventions.
Book Synopsis Pink Tax and the Law by : Alara Efsun Yazıcıoğlu
Download or read book Pink Tax and the Law written by Alara Efsun Yazıcıoğlu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the terms ‘pink tax’ and ‘tampon tax’ in everyday language suggests that women, who already suffer from an economic disadvantage due to the gender wage gap, are put in an even more detrimental position by means of ‘discriminatory consumption taxes’. This book is the first conducting a legal analysis to establish to what extent this public perception is accurate. Does the practice of ‘pink tax’ effectively amount to a tax in the legal sense? Does the so-called ‘tampon tax’ genuinely constitute an anomaly within the general consumption tax system? Most importantly, can these two ‘taxes’ be legally qualified as discriminatory? This book provides scientific answers to these questions. It first cuts through the existent information clutter by elucidating the pertinent economic, sociological and psychological components of the practices referred to as ‘pink tax’ and ‘tampon tax’. It then proceeds with a thorough legal analysis of all relevant aspects to determine whether women are indeed subject to discriminatory consumption taxes. It is well-established that women earn less than men. This book investigates if they simultaneously pay more due to ‘discriminatory consumption taxes’.
Book Synopsis Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Tax Opinions by : Bridget J. Crawford
Download or read book Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Tax Opinions written by Bridget J. Crawford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "By highlighting the importance of perspective, background, and preconceptions on reading and interpreting statutes, this volume shows what a difference feminist analysis can make to statutory interpretation. It brings together a group of scholars and lawyers to rewrite tax decisions in which a feminist emphasis would have changed the outcome, the court's reasoning, or the future direction of the law. Featuring cases including medical expense deductions for fertility treatment, gender confirmation surgery, tax benefits for married individuals, the tax treatment of tribal lands, and business expense deductions, this volume opens the way for a discussion of how viewpoint is a key factor in statutory interpretation."--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Non-discrimination in European and Tax Treaty Law by : Kasper Dziurdź
Download or read book Non-discrimination in European and Tax Treaty Law written by Kasper Dziurdź and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Taxation in Relation to the Freedom of Establishment and the Free Movement of Capital by : Mattias Dahlberg
Download or read book Direct Taxation in Relation to the Freedom of Establishment and the Free Movement of Capital written by Mattias Dahlberg and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyses the case-law of the European Court of Justice on the freedom of establishment and the free movement of capital in matters of direct taxation. The author identifies two areas where cases from the European Court of Justice are especially important: what constitutes discrimination, and which circumstances may justify such discrimination. Among his specific approaches to the complex issues involved may be noted the following: the Court's interpretation of discrimination and restriction, both in general and in particular regarding the freedom of establishment and the free movement of capital; the grounds of justification, according to the rule-of-reason doctrine, accepted by the Court, such as the prevention of tax abuse, the preservation of fiscal coherence, the effectiveness of fiscal supervision, and the fiscal principle of territoriality; grounds rejected by the Court, such as lack of harmonisation, counterbalancing advantages, a new form of establishment being seen as subject to equal treatment, lack of Community competence in the field of tax treaty law, and the protection of tax revenue; the characteristics of national legislation on direct taxation that the Court has found to be in breach of the freedom of establishment and the free movement of capital; the neutrality between different forms of establishment, in the form of either a branch or a subsidiary (the pending Marks & Spencer case is subject to a thorough analysis in this respect); the degree of convergence between the freedom of establishment and the free movement of capital, especially in cases on direct taxation; and the territorial extension of the free movement of capital.
Book Synopsis Tax, Inequality, and Human Rights by : Philip G. Alston
Download or read book Tax, Inequality, and Human Rights written by Philip G. Alston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, Human Rights and Tax in an Unequal World brings together works by human rights and tax law experts, to illustrate the linkages between the two fields and to reveal their mutual relevance in tackling economic, social, and political inequalities. Against the backdrop of systemic corporate tax avoidance, the widespread use of tax havens, persistent pressures to embrace austerity policies, and growing gaps between the rich and poor, this book encourages readers to understand fiscal policy as human rights policy, with profound consequences for the wellbeing of citizens around the world. The essays collected examine where the foundational principles of tax law and human rights law intersect and diverge; discuss the cross-border nature and human rights impacts of abusive practices like tax avoidance and evasion; question the role of states in bringing transparency and accountability to tax policies and practices; highlight the responsibility of private sector actors for the consequences of tax laws; and critically evaluate certain domestic tax rules through the lens of equality and non-discrimination. The contributing scholars and practitioners explore how an international human rights framework can anchor debates around international tax reform and domestic fiscal consolidation in existing state obligations. They address what human rights law requires of state tax policies, and what a state's tax laws and loopholes mean for the enjoyment of human rights within and outside its borders. Ultimately, tax and human rights both turn on the relationship between the individual and the state, and thus both fields face crises as the social contract frays and populist, illiberal regimes are on the rise.
Book Synopsis Protection by Stealth by : Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Download or read book Protection by Stealth written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examples & Explanations for Federal Income Tax by : Katherine Pratt
Download or read book Examples & Explanations for Federal Income Tax written by Katherine Pratt and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A favorite classroom prep tool of successful students that is often recommended by professors, the Examples & Explanations (E&E) series provides an alternative perspective to help you understand your casebook and in-class lectures. Each E&E offers hypothetical questions complemented by detailed explanations that allow you to test your knowledge of the topics in your courses and compare your own analysis. Here’s why you need an E&E to help you study throughout the semester: Clear explanations of each class topic, in a conversational, funny style. Features hypotheticals similar to those presented in class, with corresponding analysis so you can use them during the semester to test your understanding, and again at exam time to help you review. It offers coverage that works with ALL the major casebooks, and suits any class on a given topic. The Examples & Explanations series has been ranked the most popular study aid among law students because it is equally as helpful from the first day of class through the final exam.
Book Synopsis The Principle of Equality in European Taxation by : Gerard Meussen
Download or read book The Principle of Equality in European Taxation written by Gerard Meussen and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-10-12 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Or her tax trial
Book Synopsis Racial Discrimination and Private Education by : Arthur S. Miller
Download or read book Racial Discrimination and Private Education written by Arthur S. Miller and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miller discusses the possible governmental sanctions against integration and the possible ways in which the guarantees of the First and Fourteenth Amendments might be sought and obtained for private schools. He also analyzes the possible effects of discriminatory administrative enforcement of laws as a weapon against integration and the use of and protection against extra-legal sanctions. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis State Video Tax Fairness Act of 2007 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law
Download or read book State Video Tax Fairness Act of 2007 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Schwarz on Tax Treaties by : Jonathan Schwarz
Download or read book Schwarz on Tax Treaties written by Jonathan Schwarz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schwarz on Tax Treaties is the definitive analysis of tax treaties from United Kingdom and Irish perspectives and provides in-depth expert analysis of the interpretation and interaction of those treaty networks with the European Union and international law. The sixth edition significantly develops the earlier work with enhanced commentary and is updated to include the latest UK, Irish domestic and treaty developments, international and EU law, including: Covered Tax Agreements modified by the BEPS Multilateral Instrument; judicial decisions of Ireland, the UK and foreign courts on UK and Irish treaties; Digital Services Tax; treaty binding compulsory arbitration; Brexit and the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement; taxpayer rights in exchange of information; taxpayer rights in EU cross-border collection of taxes; attribution of profits to permanent establishments; and EU DAC 6 Disclosure of cross-border planning. Case law developments including: UK Supreme Court in Fowler v HMRC; Indian Supreme Court in Engineering Analysis Centre of Excellence Private Limited and Others v CIT; Australian Full Federal Court in Addy v CoT; French Supreme Administrative Court in Valueclick; English Court of Appeal in Irish Bank Resolution Corporation v HMRC; JJ Management and others v HMRC; United States Tax Court in Adams Challenge v CIR; UK Tax Tribunals in Royal Bank of Canada v HMRC; Lloyd-Webber v HMRC; Esso Exploration and Production v HMRC; Glencore v HMRC; McCabe v HMRC; Padfield v HMRC; Davies v HMRC; Uddin v HMRC; English High Court in Minera Las Bambas v Glencore; Kotton v First Tier Tribunal; and CJEU in N Luxembourg I, and others (the ‘Danish beneficial ownership cases’); État belge v Pantochim; College Pension Plan of British Columbia v Finanzamt München; HB v Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale. About the Author Jonathan Schwarz BA, LLB (Witwatersrand), LLM (UC Berkeley), FTII is an English Barrister at Temple Tax Chambers in London and is also a South African Advocate and a Canadian and Irish Barrister. His practice focuses on international tax disputes as counsel and as an expert and advises on solving cross-border tax problems. He is a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law, King’s College London University. He has been listed as a leading tax Barrister in both the Legal 500, for international corporate tax, and Chambers’ Guide to the Legal Profession, for international transactions and particular expertise in transfer pricing. He has been lauded in Who’s Who Legal, UK Bar for his ‘brilliant’ handling of cross-border tax problems. In Chambers Guide, he is identified as ‘the double tax guru’ with ‘extraordinary depth of knowledge and experience when it comes to tax treaty issues and is a creative thinker and a clear and meticulous writer’.
Book Synopsis Optimization of Tax Sovereignty and Free Movement by : Sjoerd Douma
Download or read book Optimization of Tax Sovereignty and Free Movement written by Sjoerd Douma and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book argues that the notions of tax sovereignty and EU free movement should be regarded as two fundamentally equal principles. The conflict between these two principles is resolved by establishing, in individual cases, the optimum position between two extremes: a general unrestricted freedom of action by states versus a prohibition of any obstacle to the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital. The process of reconciliation of these competing principles is structured by the theoretical optimization model developed in the present study. This model is external to the present case law. The application of the theoretical optimization model to the ECJ’s case law in the area of direct taxation reveals that this case law is largely in line with the model. It is certainly not as internally inconsistent as claimed in some of the tax literature. Many jigsaw pieces seem to fit after all if the case law is assessed in the light of the model. A number of future developments could be expected on the basis of the model and extensive case law analysis. The most important of these is that, in some cases, truly non-discriminatory tax measures should give rise to a prima facie restriction on free movement.
Book Synopsis United States Code by : United States
Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
Download or read book Title IX Grievance Procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
