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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832520863
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Leaf functional traits: Ecological and evolutionary implications written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alex John Pilote
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Patterns Among Stem and Leaf Functional Traits in Helianthus written by Alex John Pilote and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant functional traits are hypothesized to co-vary and have been often interpreted as reflecting resource strategies for acquisition, transport, and use of carbon, water, and nutrients. These trait combinations are expected to range along a continuum from "fast", resource-acquisitive trait values to "slow", resource-conservative values. This dissertation focuses on leaf and stem functional traits related to tissue structure and water transport for the sunflower genus, Helianthus, which encompasses wild species from diverse habitats across the North American continent and cultivated H. annuus. Using a comparative approach and common garden greenhouse studies, expected stem and leaf trait co-variation was examined from three complementary perspectives: evolutionary diversification of wild species, evolutionary responses to artificial selection, and ecological responses. At the evolutionary scale, a comparison of stem and leaf traits for 14 wild species provided evidence of correlated trait evolution and adaptive differentiation associated with habitat climate. The effects of crop domestication were assessed by comparison of two varieties of domesticated H. annuus (ancient landraces and modern improved cultivars) with its wild progenitor. This comparison revealed that this suite of leaf and stem traits did not shift in a coordinated fashion in response to the artificial selective pressures of crop domestication. Additionally, trait shifts were found to be inconsistent in comparison of these two forms of domestications (i.e. wild to ancient landraces v. wild to improved cultivar). In response to the abiotic stress of water limitation, leaf and stem traits of six wild sunflower species shifted in a coordinated fashion towards more resource-conservative trait values. In conclusion, this dissertation provides evidence for correlated evolution of a suite of stem and leaf functional traits and the plastic responses of this suite of traits are observed to co-vary when species are subjected to water stress; however, these traits are not found to co-vary during the artificial selective process of crop domestication. This suggests that co-variation of these traits across wild taxa may be primarily due to selective pressures rather than hypothesized biophysical or genetic constraints.
Author : Eric Garnier
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198757379
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Plant Functional Diversity written by Eric Garnier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological diversity, the variety of living organisms on Earth, is traditionally viewed as the diversity of taxa, and species in particular. However, other facets of diversity also need to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes. This novel book demonstrates the advantages of adopting a functional approach to diversity in order to improve our understanding of the functioning of ecological systems and theircomponents. The focus is on plants, which are major components of these systems, and for which the functional approach has led to major scientific advances over the last 20 years. PlantFunctional Diversity presents the rationale for a trait-based approach to functional diversity in the context of comparative plant ecology and agroecology. It demonstrates how this approach can be used to address a number of highly debated questions in plant ecology pertaining to plant responses to their environment, controls on plant community structure, ecosystem properties, and the services these deliver to human societies. This research level text will be of particular relevance and use tograduate students and professional researchers in plant ecology, agricultural sciences and conservation biology.
Author : Ulrich Sommer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642561667
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Competition and Coexistence written by Ulrich Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question "Why are there so many species?" has puzzled ecologist for a long time. Initially, an academic question, it has gained practical interest by the recent awareness of global biodiversity loss. Species diversity in local ecosystems has always been discussed in relation to the problem of competi tive exclusion and the apparent contradiction between the competitive exclu sion principle and the overwhelming richness of species found in nature. Competition as a mechanism structuring ecological communities has never been uncontroversial. Not only its importance but even its existence have been debated. On the one extreme, some ecologists have taken competi tion for granted and have used it as an explanation by default if the distribu tion of a species was more restricted than could be explained by physiology and dispersal history. For decades, competition has been a core mechanism behind popular concepts like ecological niche, succession, limiting similarity, and character displacement, among others. For some, competition has almost become synonymous with the Darwinian "struggle for existence", although simple plausibility should tell us that organisms have to struggle against much more than competitors, e.g. predators, parasites, pathogens, and envi ronmental harshness.
Author : Nathan G. Swenson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461495423
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Functional and Phylogenetic Ecology in R written by Nathan G. Swenson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional and Phylogenetic Ecology in R is designed to teach readers to use R for phylogenetic and functional trait analyses. Over the past decade, a dizzying array of tools and methods were generated to incorporate phylogenetic and functional information into traditional ecological analyses. Increasingly these tools are implemented in R, thus greatly expanding their impact. Researchers getting started in R can use this volume as a step-by-step entryway into phylogenetic and functional analyses for ecology in R. More advanced users will be able to use this volume as a quick reference to understand particular analyses. The volume begins with an introduction to the R environment and handling relevant data in R. Chapters then cover phylogenetic and functional metrics of biodiversity; null modeling and randomizations for phylogenetic and functional trait analyses; integrating phylogenetic and functional trait information; and interfacing the R environment with a popular C-based program. This book presents a unique approach through its focus on ecological analyses and not macroevolutionary analyses. The author provides his own code, so that the reader is guided through the computational steps to calculate the desired metrics. This guided approach simplifies the work of determining which package to use for any given analysis. Example datasets are shared to help readers practice, and readers can then quickly turn to their own datasets.
Author : Francesco de Bello
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108472915
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Trait-Based Ecology written by Francesco de Bello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trait-based ecology is rapidly expanding. This comprehensive and accessible guide covers the main concepts and tools in functional ecology.
Author : H. Lambers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Inherent Variation in Plant Growth written by H. Lambers and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nathan G. Swenson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022667150X
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)
Download or read book Phylogenetic Ecology written by Nathan G. Swenson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, ecologists have increasingly embraced phylogenetics, the study of evolutionary relationships among species. As a result, they have come to discover the field’s power to illuminate present ecological patterns and processes. Ecologists are now investigating whether phylogenetic diversity is a better measure of ecosystem health than more traditional metrics like species diversity, whether it can predict the future structure and function of communities and ecosystems, and whether conservationists might prioritize it when formulating conservation plans. In Phylogenetic Ecology, Nathan G. Swenson synthesizes this nascent field’s major conceptual, methodological, and empirical developments to provide students and practicing ecologists with a foundational overview. Along the way, he highlights those realms of phylogenetic ecology that will likely increase in relevance—such as the burgeoning subfield of phylogenomics—and shows how ecologists might lean on these new perspectives to inform their research programs.
Author : Daniel C. Laughlin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192693883
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Plant Strategies written by Daniel C. Laughlin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do plants make a living? Some plants are gamblers, others are swindlers. Some plants are habitual spenders while others are strugglers and miserly savers. Plants have evolved a spectacular array of solutions to the existential problems of survival and reproduction in a world where resources are scarce, disturbances can be deadly, and competition is cut-throat. Few topics have both captured the imagination and furrowed the brows of plant ecologists, yet no topic is more important for understanding the assembly of plant communities, predicting plant responses to global change, and enhancing the restoration of our rapidly degrading biosphere. The vast array of plant strategy models that characterize the discipline now require synthesis. These models tend to emphasize either life history strategies based on demography, or functional strategies based on ecophysiology. Indeed, this disciplinary divide between demography and physiology runs deep and continues to this today. The goal of this accessible book is to articulate a coherent framework that unifies life history theory with comparative functional ecology to advance prediction in plant ecology. Armed with a deeper understanding of the dimensionality of life history and functional traits, we are now equipped to quantitively link phenotypes to population growth rates across gradients of resource availability and disturbance regimes. Predicting how species respond to global change is perhaps the most important challenge of our time. A robust framework for plant strategy theory will advance this research agenda by testing the generality of traits for predicting population dynamics.
Author : Valeria Guzman-Jacob
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Diversity and Leaf Functional Traits of Vascular Epiphytes Along Gradients of Elevation and Forest-use Intensity written by Valeria Guzman-Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical mountains are hotspots of biodiversity and refugia for plants and animals, especially in a world of accelerating climatic change (Steinbauer et al., 2018). Biological diversity on tropical mountains is shaped by abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, elevational gradients provide an opportunity to study effects of different ecological and evolutionary factors over relatively short geographical distances (Körner, 2007). This is a unique opportunity that inspired naturalist to use them as natural laboratories. Along elevational gradients in tropical mountains, multiple ecological que...
Author : Hans de Kroon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540001850
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Root Ecology written by Hans de Kroon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of evolution, a great variety of root systems have learned to overcome the many physical, biochemical and biological problems brought about by soil. This development has made them a fascinating object of scientific study. This volume gives an overview of how roots have adapted to the soil environment and which roles they play in the soil ecosystem. The text describes the form and function of roots, their temporal and spatial distribution, and their turnover rate in various ecosystems. Subsequently, a physiological background is provided for basic functions, such as carbon acquisition, water and solute movement, and for their responses to three major abiotic stresses, i.e. hard soil structure, drought and flooding. The volume concludes with the interactions of roots with other organisms of the complex soil ecosystem, including symbiosis, competition, and the function of roots as a food source.
Author : Erik Svensson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199595372
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book The Adaptive Landscape in Evolutionary Biology written by Erik Svensson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Adaptive Landscape' has been a central concept in population genetics and evolutionary biology since this powerful metaphor was first formulated in 1932. This volume brings together historians of science, philosophers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists, to discuss the state of the art from several different perspectives.
Author : Lorenzo Peruzzi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781775573791
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (737 download)
Download or read book An Inventory of Vascular Plants Endemic to Italy written by Lorenzo Peruzzi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David C. Coleman
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 032315767X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Carbon Isotope Techniques written by David C. Coleman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Isotope Techniques deals with the use of carbon isotopes in studies of plant, soil, and aquatic biology. Topics covered include photosynthesis/translocation studies in terrestrial ecosystems; carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; microbe/plant/soil interactions; and environmental and aquatic toxicology. Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials are also considered. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to radiation-counting instruments used in measuring the radioactivity in soil and plant samples containing carbon-14. The discussion then turns to the basic methods of 14C use in plant science, highlighted by three examples of applications in the field of plant physiology and ecology. Subsequent chapters explore the use of carbon isotope techniques for analyzing the carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; the interactions of microbes, plants, and soils; and the degradation of herbicides and organic xenobiotics. Carbon dating and bomb carbon are also described. The final section is devoted to the uses and procedures for 13C and 11C. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students, as well as generalist scientists who have not previously used radioisotopes or stable isotopes in their research.
Author : Fakhri A. Bazzaz
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080539076
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Plant Resource Allocation written by Fakhri A. Bazzaz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-07-23 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Resource Allocation is an exploration of the latest insights into the theory and functioning of plant resource allocation. An international team of physiological ecologists has prepared chapters devoted to the fundamental topics of resource allocation. Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of resource allocation in plants All contributors are leaders in their respective fields
Author : J. Philip Grime
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118223276
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)
Download or read book The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems written by J. Philip Grime and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES THAT SHAPE ECOSYSTEMS In 1837 a young Charles Darwin took his notebook, wrote “I think”, and then sketched a rudimentary, stick-like tree. Each branch of Darwin’s tree of life told a story of survival and adaptation – adaptation of animals and plants not just to the environment but also to life with other living things. However, more than 150 years since Darwin published his singular idea of natural selection, the science of ecology has yet to account for how contrasting evolutionary outcomes affect the ability of organisms to coexist in communities and to regulate ecosystem functioning. In this book Philip Grime and Simon Pierce explain how evidence from across the world is revealing that, beneath the wealth of apparently limitless and bewildering variation in detailed structure and functioning, the essential biology of all organisms is subject to the same set of basic interacting constraints on life-history and physiology. The inescapable resulting predicament during the evolution of every species is that, according to habitat, each must adopt a predictable compromise with regard to how they use the resources at their disposal in order to survive. The compromise involves the investment of resources in either the effort to acquire more resources, the tolerance of factors that reduce metabolic performance, or reproduction. This three-way trade-off is the irreducible core of the universal adaptive strategy theory which Grime and Pierce use to investigate how two environmental filters selecting, respectively, for convergence and divergence in organism function determine the identity of organisms in communities, and ultimately how different evolutionary strategies affect the functioning of ecosystems. This book refl ects an historic phase in which evolutionary processes are finally moving centre stage in the effort to unify ecological theory, and animal, plant and microbial ecology have begun to find a common theoretical framework. Companion website This book has a companion website www.wiley.com/go/grime/evolutionarystrategies with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading.
Author : Will Cornwell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Functional Trait Diversity written by Will Cornwell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
