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Le Comite De Salut Public De La Convention Nationale A Lagent National Pres Le District D A Message Dated Pluviose An 2 To All National Agents Asking For Reports On The Carrying Out Of The Law Of 14 Frimaire On The Supply Of Saltpetre For Gunpowder
Download Le Comite De Salut Public De La Convention Nationale A Lagent National Pres Le District D A Message Dated Pluviose An 2 To All National Agents Asking For Reports On The Carrying Out Of The Law Of 14 Frimaire On The Supply Of Saltpetre For Gunpowder full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Le Comite De Salut Public De La Convention Nationale A Lagent National Pres Le District D A Message Dated Pluviose An 2 To All National Agents Asking For Reports On The Carrying Out Of The Law Of 14 Frimaire On The Supply Of Saltpetre For Gunpowder ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Download or read book The Path Not Taken written by Jeff Horn and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Path Not Taken, Jeff Horn argues that—contrary to standard, Anglocentric accounts—French industrialization was not a failed imitation of the laissez-faire British model but the product of a distinctive industrial policy that led, over the long term, to prosperity comparable to Britain's. Despite the upheavals of the Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, France developed and maintained its own industrial strengths. France was then able to take full advantage of the new technologies and industries that emerged in the "second industrial revolution," and by the end of the nineteenth century some of France's industries were outperforming Britain's handily. The Path Not Taken shows that the foundations of this success were laid during the first industrial revolution. Horn posits that the French state's early attempt to emulate Britain's style of industrial development foundered because of revolutionary politics. The "threat from below" made it impossible for the state or entrepreneurs to control and exploit laborers in the British manner. The French used different means to manage labor unruliness and encourage innovation and entrepreneurialism. Technology is at the heart of Horn's analysis, and he shows that France, unlike England, often preferred still-profitable older methods of production in order to maintain employment and forestall revolution. Horn examines the institutional framework established by Napoleon's most important Minister of the Interior, Jean-Antoine Chaptal. He focuses on textiles, chemicals, and steel, looks at how these new institutions created a new industrial environment. Horn's illuminating comparison of French and British industrialization should stir debate among historians, economists, and political scientists.
Book Synopsis From Valmy to Waterloo by : M. Thoral
Download or read book From Valmy to Waterloo written by M. Thoral and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, this book investigates the everyday human experience of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars by French military and civilians, the impact of these wars on the French nation and society, and the rise of a new kind of war in the West at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Download or read book Agrarian Justice written by Thomas Paine and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tom Paine's 'Agrarian Justice' (1797) continues to inspire progressive politicians today as a source of two contemporary policies, Land Value Taxation and Universal (Basic) Income (Citizen's Income). His starting point was the belief, widespread until the end of the eighteenth century, that the Earth is the common property of humankind. Rather than advocating the common ownership of land, he proposed that landowners 'owe to the community a ground-rent', the market rent of their land. He advocated that this be paid into a fund to be used for the benefit of all, both as a lump sum payment on reaching adulthood and as a pension for older people. He is well worth reading for his passion and rhetoric. This publication also includes a riposte written in the same year by Thomas Spence, who had published a similar but more radical proposal in 1776. It also contains a 20th century re-statement of individual and common rights to the Earth and a summary of the relevance of Agrarian Justice today.
Book Synopsis Nationalizing Science by : Alan J. Rocke
Download or read book Nationalizing Science written by Alan J. Rocke and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-11-08 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After looking at the early careers of Wurtz's two mentors, Liebig and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Rocke describes Wurtz's life and career in the politically complex period leading up to 1853. He then discusses the turning point in Wurtz's intellectual life—his conversion to the "reformed chemistry" of Laurent, Gerhardt, and Williamson—and his efforts to persuade his colleagues of the advantages of the new system. In 1869, Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) called chemistry "a French science." In fact, however, Wurtz was the most internationalist of French chemists. Born in Strasbourg and educated partly in the laboratory of the great Justus Liebig, he spent his career in Paris, where he devoted himself to introducing German ideas into French scientific circles. His life therefore provides an excellent vehicle for considering the divergent trajectories of French and German chemistry—and, by extension, French and German science—during this crucial period. After looking at the early careers of Wurtz's two mentors, Liebig and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Rocke describes Wurtz's life and career in the politically complex period leading up to 1853. He then discusses the turning point in Wurtz's intellectual life—his conversion to the "reformed chemistry" of Laurent, Gerhardt, and Williamson—and his efforts (social and political, as well as scientific) to persuade his colleagues of the advantages of the new system. He looks at political patronage, or the lack thereof, and at the insufficient material support from the French government, during the middle decades of the century. From there Rocke goes on to examine the rivalry between Wurtz and Marcellin Berthelot, the debate over atoms versus equivalents, and the reasons for Wurtz's failure to win acceptance for his ideas. The story offers insights into the changing status of science in this period, and helps to explain the eventual course of both French and German chemistry.
Book Synopsis The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793 by : Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin
Download or read book The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793 written by Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Republics at War, 1776-1840 by : P. Serna
Download or read book Republics at War, 1776-1840 written by P. Serna and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection probes the troubling connections between war and republic during Revolutionary era, 1776-1840. It presents the work of an international team of scholars, some of them in English for the first time.
Book Synopsis Journal of My Life by : Jacques-Louis Ménétra
Download or read book Journal of My Life written by Jacques-Louis Ménétra and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jaques-Louis Menetra's journal reads like a historian's dream come true. It conveys his understanding of what it meant to grow up in Paris, where he was born in 1738; to tramp around provincial shops on a journeyman's tour de France; to settle down as a Parisian master with a shop and family of his own; and to live through the great events of the Revolution as a militant in his local Section.
Book Synopsis Philostratus by : Philostratus (the Athenian)
Download or read book Philostratus written by Philostratus (the Athenian) and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science and Polity in France by : Charles Coulston Gillispie
Download or read book Science and Polity in France written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.
Book Synopsis Arthur Young's Travels in France by : Arthur Young
Download or read book Arthur Young's Travels in France written by Arthur Young and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Shifting Shore written by Alice Garner and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does tourism transform fishing communities into vibrant resorts, working shores into bathing beaches? In A Shifting Shore, Alice Garner traces the ways fisherfolk, bathers, investors, and engineers understood, claimed, and remade the shores of the Bassin d'Arcachon, a prime fishing and oyster-farming site in southwestern France, over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Garner's interest in the coastline—a zone that resists all attempts at definition—shapes this generously illustrated book. Rather than taking a straightforward chronological approach to the settlement and evolution of the towns of Arcachon and La Teste, Garner investigates the development of the Bassin d'Arcachon's southern shores with the aim of recovering something of the "lived space" experienced by locals and visitors. Drawing on guidebooks, newspapers, bylaws, engineers' reports, medical pamphlets, postcards, and the accounts of literary-minded holidaymakers, Garner shows how investors and developers transformed Arcachon and its community—beaches were rezoned and jetties constructed to favor bathers, and a new railway line brought ever-increasing numbers of visitors to the area. She explores how fishermen and women resisted developments that threatened their livelihood or their particular sense of belonging, and shows how they adapted to the changing environment and to their new roles as guides and entertainers. A Shifting Shore, while anchored in Arcachon and La Teste, has much to contribute to a nuanced understanding of relations between hosts and guests in any community.
Download or read book Historia written by Gianna Pomata and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays examine how the genre of historia reflects connections between the study of nature and the study of culture in early modern scholarly pursuits. The early modern genre of historia connected the study of nature and the study of culture from the early Renaissance to the eighteenth century. The ubiquity of historia as a descriptive method across a variety of disciplines--including natural history, medicine, antiquarianism, and philology--indicates how closely intertwined these scholarly pursuits were in the early modern period. The essays collected in this volume demonstrate that historia can be considered a key epistemic tool of early modern intellectual practices. Focusing on the actual use of historia across disciplines, the essays highlight a distinctive feature of early modern descriptive sciences: the coupling of observational skills with philological learning, empiricism with erudition. Thus the essays bring to light previously unexamined links between the culture of humanism and the scientific revolution. The contributors, from a range of disciplines that echoes the broad scope of early modern historia, examine such topics as the development of a new interest in historical method from the Renaissance artes historicae to the eighteenth-century tension between "history" and "system"; shifts in Aristotelian thought paving the way for revaluation of historia as descriptive knowledge; the rise of the new discipline of natural history; the uses of historia in anatomical and medical investigation and the writing of history by physicians; parallels between the practices of collecting and presenting information in both natural history and antiquarianism; and significant examples of the ease with which early seventeenth-century antiquarian scholars moved from studies of nature to studies of culture.
Book Synopsis War, Empire and Slavery, 1770-1830 by : R. Bessel
Download or read book War, Empire and Slavery, 1770-1830 written by R. Bessel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imperial warfare of the period 1770-1830, including the American wars of independence and the Napoleonic wars, affected every continent. Covering southern India, the Caribbean, North and South America, and southern Africa, this volume explores the impact of revolutionary wars and how people's identities were shaped by their experiences.
Book Synopsis Taste and Power by : Leora Auslander
Download or read book Taste and Power written by Leora Auslander and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Louis XIV, regency, rococo, neoclassical, empire, art nouveau, and historicist pastiche: furniture styles march across French history as regimes rise and fall. In this extraordinary social history, Leora Auslander explores the changing meaning of furniture from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth century, revealing how the aesthetics of everyday life were as integral to political events as to economic and social transformations. Enriched by Auslander's experience as a cabinetmaker, this work demonstrates how furniture served to represent and even generate its makers' and consumers' identities.
Book Synopsis Work in France by : Steven Laurence Kaplan
Download or read book Work in France written by Steven Laurence Kaplan and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen scholars from both sides of the Atlantic look at the question of work across three centuries of French history. Representing both younger and older generations, they move beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries in order to consider human labor as it was actually performed and to determine what it has meant to specific groups and individuals at particular historical moments. This book proposes some fundamental revisions in the history of work which will have important implications for our understanding of social, political, economic, and cultural developments not only in France but throughout Europe.
Book Synopsis Picturing Machines 1400-1700 by : Wolfgang Lefevre
Download or read book Picturing Machines 1400-1700 written by Wolfgang Lefevre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-07-16 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How technical drawings shaped early engineering practice. Technical drawings by the architects and engineers of the Renaissance made use of a range of new methods of graphic representation. These drawings—among them Leonardo da Vinci's famous drawings of mechanical devices—have long been studied for their aesthetic qualities and technological ingenuity, but their significance for the architects and engineers themselves is seldom considered. The essays in Picturing Machines 1400–1700 take this alternate perspective and look at how drawing shaped the practice of early modern engineering. They do so through detailed investigations of specific images, looking at over 100 that range from sketches to perspective views to thoroughly constructed projections. In early modern engineering practice, drawings were not merely visualizations of ideas but acted as models that shaped ideas. Picturing Machines establishes basic categories for the origins, purposes, functions, and contexts of early modern engineering illustrations, then treats a series of topics that not only focus on the way drawings became an indispensable means of engineering but also reflect the main stages in their historical development. The authors examine the social interaction conveyed by early machine images and their function as communication between practitioners; the knowledge either conveyed or presupposed by technical drawings, as seen in those of Giorgio Martini and Leonardo; drawings that required familiarity with geometry or geometric optics, including the development of architectural plans; and technical illustrations that bridged the gap between practical and theoretical mechanics.
Book Synopsis War, Culture and Society, 1750-1850 by : Rafe Blaufarb
Download or read book War, Culture and Society, 1750-1850 written by Rafe Blaufarb and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
