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Author : S. Sopok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book LC-CR Plated Crusader Gun System Erosion Modeling written by S. Sopok and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel Sopok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Erosion Modeling of HC Chromium Plated Crusader Gun System written by Samuel Sopok and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Erosion Modeling of the High Contraction Chromium Plated Crusader Gun System written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal-chemical- mechanical erosion modeling predictions are given for the high contraction chromium plated Crusader gun system based on extensive cannon firing, inspection, characterization, and experimental data. This effort was conducted for the Army's Crusader Program Manager Office and managed by Applied Ordnance Technology. The authors carefully protect proprietary technical data that was provided by various government and nongovernment partners involved in this effort. Key gun system details include the 155-mm 56 caliber rifled XM297 cannon with a 1400 In(3) chamber, zone six combustible case-type modular artillery charge, triple-base propellant, an approximately 100-pound M549-like projectile, its nominal obturator, maximum chamber pressure of approximately 55 kpsi, 0.005-inch thick high contraction chromium plate on both the lands and grooves of the steel, ambient temperature conditioning, no in-wall barrel cooling, decopperlng and flash additives, and no wear additives. This XM297 gun system can be condemned on erosion due to loss of velocity, fuse malfunction, rotating band wear, excessive body engraving, and loss of accuracy. A provisional 0.105-inch diametric origin erosion limit (usually at 12:00 to 6:00 peak) applies in the absence of these condemning effects as measured by pullover or star gages. Most key cannons were near this provisional diametric erosion limit and were destructively characterized resulting in moderately high confidence erosion predictions. Thermal and erosion predictions are made for five different firing rate scenarios from 1 round per hour to 8 rounds per minute. For the I round per hour firing rate scenario, we predict that it requires approximately 1520 EFCs to achieve arbitrary 0.100-inch wall erosion at the 12:00 o'clock peak eroded origin position and 1005 EFCs to achieve arbitrary 0.100-inch diametric erosion at the 12:00 to 6:00 o'clock peak eroded origin position.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 03-4040 - 03-4211 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Erosion Modeling of the 25mm M242/M791 Gun System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MACE gun barrel thermochemical erosion modeling code addresses wall degradations due to transformations, chemical reactions, and cracking coupled with pure mechanical erosion for the 25-mm M242/M791 gun system. This predictive tool provides gun system design information that is otherwise impractical. The nitrided A723 and 0.002-inch plated chromium/A723 wall materials are evaluated for erosion using the M242 Cycle A firing scenario. This complex computer analysis is based on rigorously evaluated scientific theory that has been validated in the rocket community over the last forty years. Our gun erosion analysis includes the standard interior ballistics gun code (XNOVAKTC), the standard nonideal gas-wall thermochemical rocket code modified for guns (CCET), the standard mass addition boundary layer rocket code modified for guns (MABL), and the standard wall material ablation conduction erosion rocket code modified for guns (MACE). This analysis provides wall material erosion predictions and comparisons (ablation, conduction, and erosion profiles) as a function of time, travel (customer-selected 6-inch, 12-inch, 30-inch), and number of rounds to barrel condemnation. These M242/M791 gun system predictions agree well with the standard wall heat transfer/temperature profile code (FDHEAT) and actual measured gun system erosion data.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Erosion Modeling of the 120-MM M256/M829A2 Gun System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Benet Laboratories/Software and Engineering Associates, Inc. (SEA) gun barrel erosion modeling and design code predicts wall degradation due to transformations, chemical reactions, and cracking coupled with pure mechanical erosion for the 120-man M256/MS29A2 gun system for ambient temperature-conditioned rounds. The A723 steel and 0.005-inch high contraction (HC) chromium plated/A723 steel wall materials are evaluated for erosion. This complex computer analysis is based on rigorously evaluated scientific theory that has been validated in the rocket community over the last forty years. Our gun erosion analysis includes the standard interior ballistics gun code (XNOVAKTC), the standard nonideal gas-wall thermochemical rocket code modified for guns (CCET). the standard mass addition boundary layer rocket code modified for guns (MABL), and the standard wall material ablation conduction erosion rocket code modified for guns (MACE). In addition, bore subsurface metallographic analysis and projectile-bore finite element analysis (ABAQUS) are considered. Our overall analysis provides wall material erosion predictions and comparisons of ablation, conduction, and erosion profiles as a function of time, travel (customer-selected 27. 61, 86, 130, and 201 inches from the rear face of the tube), and number of rounds to barrel condemnation. The 120-mm M256/M829A2 gun system prediction, with significant numbers of M829A2 rounds, agrees well with the wear and erosion pattern of retired M256 gun barrels.
Author : Samuel Sopok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Thermomechanical Erosion Modeling of the 25mm M242/M791 Gun System written by Samuel Sopok and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Erosion Modeling of Original M242/M919 Gun System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This MACE gun barrel thermochemical erosion modeling code addresses wall degradations due to transformations, chemical reactions, and cracking coupled with pure mechanical erosion for the original M242/M919 gun system. This predictive tool provides gun system design information that is otherwise impractical. The A723, 0.002-inch plated chromium/A723, and 0.002-inch sputtered tantalum/A723 wall materials are evaluated for erosion using the M242 Cycle A firing scenario. This complex computer analysis is based on rigorously evaluated scientific theory that has been validated in the rocket community over the last forty years. Our gun erosion analysis includes the standard interior ballistics gun code (XNOVAKTC), the standard nonideal gas-wall thermochemical rocket code modified for guns (CCET), the standard mass addition boundary layer rocket code modified for guns (MABL), and the standard wall material ablation conduction erosion rocket code modified for guns (MACE). This analysis provides wall material erosion predictions and comparisons (ablation, conduction, and erosion profiles) as a function of time, travel (customer-selected 6-inch, 12-inch, 30-inch), and number of rounds to barrel condemnation. These original M242/M919 gun system predictions agree well with the standard wall heat transfer/ temperature profile code (FDHEAT) and actual measured gun system erosion data.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Cannon Coating Erosion Modeling Achievements written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our repeatedly verified erosion theories are derived from many years of conducting the Army's mission of characterizing a broad spectrum of fired and eroded cannons. Based on these characterizations, we chronicle the establishment, development, achievement, and advancement of the first practical cannon and cannon coating/ablative erosion models for large and medium caliber gun systems. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory's subsequent confirmation and adoption of our cannon and cannon coating/ablative erosion theories and models is also chronicled. This new method, in conjunction with limited-scale firings, has greatly increased the Army's technical capability and provides a reliable and cost effective means of comprehensively studying the erosion of coated cannon bores that previously required costly full-scale firings. Our comprehensive cannon erosion theories, models, and predictions have been widely embraced by Army and Navy program managers, saving them millions of dollars, and having a far-reaching impact on gun system design, optimization, and testing. Initially we discuss our early erosion theories and limited erosion models. Then we continue in chronological order with a discussion of our first practical cannon erosion model with an advanced artillery gun system example. Next, we discuss the extension of this initial model to our first practical cannon coating/ablative erosion model with an advanced medium caliber gun system example. We then discuss the adaptation of our cannon coating/ablative erosion model to advanced tank gun systems. Finally, we conclude with a description of our recent erosion modeling efforts. The following is a description of the methodology that has been established, developed, and applied to address the current Army problem of cannon bore erosion on advanced gun systems.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Erosion Modeling of Vented Combustor Cannon Bore Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vented combustor experiments are often successful at providing relative erosion results, but these results are typically inconclusive when compared to other vented combustor experiments. As a result of this deficiency, a new method for successfully modeling erosion of vented combustor cannon bore materials has been developed. This modeling method, in conjunction with limited-scale firings, provides a cost effective means of comprehensively studying erosion of coated cannon bore materials. The method is derived from our very successful similar method for modeling coated cannon bore erosion of medium and large caliber gun systems. These system models are based on years of eroded cannon characterizations and erosion theory development. We have fired and modeled gun steel, chromium, tantalum, molybdenum, rhenium, and niobium cannon bore protection materials. Each of these material types has a different set of erosive degradation thresholds that are governed by the presence of a less-reducing (more-metal oxidizing), more-reducing (more-metal carburizing), or intermediate-reducing solid propellant combustion environment. Erosion modeling predictions are computed for these six materials at the various reducing combustion environment degrees. Our modeling results show that all of these materials, with the exception of chromium, have significant differences in their erosive thresholds/performance for our typical solid propellant combustion environment spectrum. The degree of these differences explains why these materials erode so differently at the more-metal carburizing and oxidizing solid propellant combustion environment extremes.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Erosive Combustion Products Affecting the 120-MM M256/M829A2 Gun System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MACE gun barrel erosion code is used to thermochemically model erosive combustion products affecting the 0.005-inch high contraction (HC) chromium plated A723 steel 120-mm M256/ambient temperature-conditioned M829A2 gun system for a single-round firing scenario. The HC chromium plate, the subsurface A723 steel substrate at HC chromium crack bases, and bare A723 steel are evaluated. This gun erosion analysis includes the standard interior ballistics gun code (XNOVAKTC), the standard nonideal gas-wall thermochemical rocket code modified for guns (CCET), the standard mass addition boundary layer rocket code modified for guns (MABL), and the standard wall material ablation conduction code modified for guns (MACE). Specifically, this new variation of the gun erosion analysis uses MACE wall temperatures as a function of time/position/depth, as well as their associated gas pressures as a function of time/position to thermochemically compute differences in combustion products for the various reacting and nonreacting walls allowing erosive combustion products to be identified. Identification of erosive combustion products by comparative modeling between proposed and present propellant formulations or between a propellant formulation with and without additives may benefit current U.S. Army/Navy programs that attempt to lower propellant flame temperature and/or propellant erosion. Carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide are the identified erosive combustion products for this gun system.
Author : Andreas N. Angelakis
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780404840
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries written by Andreas N. Angelakis and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life, both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in the developing world related to the wastewater management principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater. Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the reconsideration of successful past achievements. This retrospective view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence, has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the millennia, and compares the water technological developments in several civilizations. It provides valuable insights into ancient wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that “the past is the key for the future”. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all researchers in the these fields. Authors: Andreas N. Angelakis, Institute of Iraklion, Iraklion, Greece and Joan B. Rose, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Author : Bram Gieben
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 9780745609607
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (96 download)
Download or read book The Formations of Modernity written by Bram Gieben and published by Polity. This book was released on 1993-01-04 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formations of Modernity is a major introductory textbook offering an account of the important historical processes, institutions and ideas that have shaped the development of modern societies. This challenging and innovative book 'maps' the evolution of those distinctive forms of political, economic, social and cultural life which characterize modern societies, from their origins in early modern Europe to the nineteenth century. It examines the roots of modern knowledge and the birth of the social sciences in the Enlightenment, and analyses the impact on the emerging identity of 'the West' of its encounters through exploration, trade, conquest and colonization, with 'other civilizations'. Designed as an introduction to modern societies and modern sociological analyses, this book is of value to students on a wide variety of social science courses in universities and colleges and also to readers with no prior knowledge of sociology. Selected readings from a broad range of classical writers (Weber, Durkheim, Marx, Freud, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau) and contemporary thinkers (Michael Mann, E.P. Thompson, Edward Said) are integrated in each chapter, together with student questions and exercises.
Author : David S. Ensor
Publisher : RTI Press
ISBN 13 : 1934831018
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (348 download)
Download or read book Aerosol Science and Technology written by David S. Ensor and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Author : Cassandra Tate
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195140613
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Cigarette Wars written by Cassandra Tate and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an age when the cigarette industry is under almost constant attack. Few weeks pass without yet another report on the hazards of smoking, or news of another anti-cigarette lawsuit, or more restrictions on cigarette sales, advertising, or use. It's somewhat surprising, then, that very little attention has been given to the fact that America has traveled down this road before. Until now, that is. As Cassandra Tate reports in this fascinating work of historical scholarship, between 1890 and 1930, fifteen states enacted laws to ban the sale, manufacture, possession, and/or use of cigarettes--and no fewer than twenty-two other states considered such legislation. In presenting the history of America's first conflicts with Big Tobacco, Tate draws on a wide range of newspapers, magazines, trade publications, rare pamphlets, and many other manuscripts culled from archives across the country. Her thorough and meticulously researched volume is also attractively illustrated with numerous photographs, posters, and cartoons from this bygone era. Readers will find in Cigarette Wars an engagingly written and well-told tale of the first anti-cigarette movement, dating from the Victorian Age to the Great Depression, when cigarettes were both legally restricted and socially stigmatized in America. Progressive reformers and religious fundamentalists came together to curb smoking, but their efforts collapsed during World War I, when millions of soldiers took up the habit and cigarettes began to be associated with freedom, modernity, and sophistication. Importantly, Tate also illustrates how supporters of the early anti-cigarette movement articulated virtually every issue that is still being debated about smoking today; theirs was not a failure of determination, she argues in these pages, but of timing. A compelling narrative about several clashing American traditions--old vs. young, rural vs. urban, and the late nineteenth vs. early twentieth centuries--this work will appeal to all who are interested in America's love-hate relationship with what Henry Ford once called "the little white slaver."
Author : David Brizer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139491695
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Clinical Addiction Psychiatry written by David Brizer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-16 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Addiction Psychiatry is an anthology of essays that represent the most current and authoritative information now available on addiction theory, practice and research, covering dozens of provocative, fascinating and essential subdomains of the field. Each chapter is authored by a recognized authority in the field and detailed attention is paid to environment, genetics, culture and spirituality as well as treatment and pharmacology. History, street culture, and medical science are brought together in masterful discussions that encompass the full spectrum of addictive disorders, emphasizing assessment and clinical management. This unique resource gathers complex medical and scientific data in a way which is accessible to both health care professionals and readers without medical or psychology backgrounds. Essential reading for addiction counselors and other mental health professionals, this book will also be of interest to patients and their families, and residents and physicians in all fields of medicine.
Author : Milan Stanković
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030521591
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Teucrium Species: Biology and Applications written by Milan Stanković and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teucrium species are an intersting object of research in the various aspects of science with multiple applications. With more than 300 species, Teucrium is one of the largest and well distributed genera of the Lamiaceae family. Known medicinal Teucrium species have a long traditional use as well as different potential applications in pharmacy, food and beverage industry. Teucrium species are very rich in a variety of secondary metabolites with significant biological activities. Based on that, the book contains 15 chapters which discusses recent advances in exploring the unique features of Teucrium species including morphology, systematics, taxonomy, biogeography, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological activity such as genotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of secondary metabolites as well as applications including current challenges and further perspectives. Some medicinal Teucrium species in excessive use can cause certain consequences. This phenomenon and precaution is also described. Whilst this book is primarily aimed at scientists, researchers, beginners in the investigations of Teucrium species, graduate and post-graduate students in biology, botany, biotechnology, agriculture, and pharmacy, as well as science enthusiasts and practitioners involved in medicinal plants applications. Book provides complete Teucrium species list, color photographs of selected Teucrium species on natural habitats, as well as up-to-date bibliography related to Teucrium genus.
