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Laser Mass Spectrometry For Dna Fingerprinting For Forensic Applications
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Book Synopsis Laser Mass Spectrometry for DNA Fingerprinting for Forensic Applications by :
Download or read book Laser Mass Spectrometry for DNA Fingerprinting for Forensic Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of DNA fingerprinting has become very broad in forensic analysis, patient identification, diagnostic medicine, and wildlife poaching, since every individual's DNA structure is identical within all tissues of their body. DNA fingerprinting was initiated by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). In 1987, Nakamura et al. found that a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) often occurred in the alleles. The probability of different individuals having the same number of tandem repeats in several different alleles is very low. Thus, the identification of VNTR from genomic DNA became a very reliable method for identification of individuals. DNA fingerprinting is a reliable tool for forensic analysis. In DNA fingerprinting, knowledge of the sequence of tandem repeats and restriction endonuclease sites can provide the basis for identification. The major steps for conventional DNA fingerprinting include (1) specimen processing (2) amplification of selected DNA segments by PCR, and (3) gel electrophoresis to do the final DNA analysis. In this work we propose to use laser desorption mass spectrometry for fast DNA fingerprinting. The process and advantages are discussed.
Book Synopsis Suite de la relation de la Bataille de Bergben, remportée par les troupes du Roi, commandées par M. le Duc De Broglie. Du 19 Avril 1759 by :
Download or read book Suite de la relation de la Bataille de Bergben, remportée par les troupes du Roi, commandées par M. le Duc De Broglie. Du 19 Avril 1759 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for High Throughput DNA Analysis and Its Applications by :
Download or read book Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for High Throughput DNA Analysis and Its Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been developed for DNA sequencing, disease diagnosis, and DNA Fingerprinting for forensic applications. With LDMS, the speed of DNA analysis can be much faster than conventional gel electrophoresis. No dye or radioactive tagging to DNA segments for detection is needed. LDMS is emerging as a new alternative technology for DNA analysis.
Book Synopsis Applications of Mass Spectrometry for the Provision of Forensic Intelligence: State-of-the-art and Perspectives by : Simona Francese
Download or read book Applications of Mass Spectrometry for the Provision of Forensic Intelligence: State-of-the-art and Perspectives written by Simona Francese and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry by : Yiyang Dong
Download or read book Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry written by Yiyang Dong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear, comprehensive, and state of the art, the groundbreaking book on the emerging technology of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry Written by a noted expert in the field, Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry offers a review of the background and the most recent developments in DART-MS. Invented in 2005, DART-MS offers a wide range of applications for solving numerous analytical problems in various environments, including food science, forensics, and clinical analysis. The text presents an introduction to the history of the technology and includes information on the theoretical background, for exampleon the ionization mechanism. Chapters on sampling and coupling to different types of mass spectrometers are followed by a comprehensive discussion of a broad range of applications. Unlike most other ionization methods, DART does not require laborious sample preparation, as ionization takes place directly on the sample surface. This makes the technique especially attractive for applications in forensics and food science. Comprehensive in scope, this vital text: -Sets the standard on an important and emerging ionization technique -Thoroughly discusses all the relevant aspects from instrumentation to applications -Helps in solving numerous analytical problems in various applications, for example food science, forensics, environmental and clinical analysis -Covers mechanisms, coupling to mass spectrometers, and includes information on challenges and disadvantages of the technique Academics, analytical chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, clinical chemists, forensic scientists, and others will find this illuminating text a must-have resource for understanding the most recent developments in the field.
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological, Forensic and Materials Sciences by : Gábor Galbács
Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological, Forensic and Materials Sciences written by Gábor Galbács and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the area of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), focusing on its application to biological, forensic and materials sciences. LIBS, which was previously mainly used by physicists, chemists and in the industry, has now become a very useful tool with great potential in these other fields as well. LIBS has a unique set of characteristics including minimal destructiveness, remote sensing capabilities, potential portability, extremely high information content, trace analytical sensitivity and high throughput. With its content divided into two main parts, this book provides not only an introduction to the analytical capabilities and methodology, but also an overview of the results of recent applications in the above fields. The application-oriented, multidisciplinary approach of this work is also reflected in the diversity of the expert contributors. Given its breadth, this book will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in solving analytical/diagnostic/material characterization tasks with the application of LIBS.
Book Synopsis Light in Forensic Science by : Mire Zloh
Download or read book Light in Forensic Science written by Mire Zloh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification and quantification of material present and collected at a crime scene are critical requirements in investigative analyses. Forensic analysts use a variety of tools and techniques to achieve this, many of which use light. Light is not always the forensic analyst’s friend however, as light can degrade samples and alter results. This book details the analysis of a range of molecular systems by light-based techniques relevant to forensic science, as well as the negative effects of light in the degradation of forensic evidence, such as the breakage of DNA linkages during DNA profiling. The introductory chapters explain how chemiluminescence and fluorescence can be used to visualise samples and the advantages and limitations of available technologies. They also discuss the limitations of our knowledge about how light could alter the physical nature of materials, for example by breaking DNA linkages during DNA profiling or by modifying molecular structures of polymers and illicit drugs. The book then explains how to detect, analyse and interpret evidence from materials such as illicit drugs, agents of bioterrorism, and textiles, using light-based techniques from microscopy to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Edited by active photobiological and forensic scientists, this book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of photochemistry, photobiology, toxicology and forensic science.
Book Synopsis Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for DNA Analysis and Sequencing by :
Download or read book Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for DNA Analysis and Sequencing written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser desorption mass spectrometry has been considered as a potential new method for fast DNA sequencing. Our approach is to use matrix-assisted laser desorption to produce parent ions of DNA segments and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to identify the sizes of DNA segments. Thus, the approach is similar to gel electrophoresis sequencing using Sanger's enzymatic method. However, gel, radioactive tagging, and dye labeling are not required. In addition, the sequencing process can possibly be finished within a few hundred microseconds instead of hours and days. In order to use mass spectrometry for fast DNA sequencing, the following three criteria need to be satisfied. They are (1) detection of large DNA segments, (2) sensitivity reaching the femtomole region, and (3) mass resolution good enough to separate DNA segments of a single nucleotide difference. It has been very difficult to detect large DNA segments by mass spectrometry before due to the fragile chemical properties of DNA and low detection sensitivity of DNA ions. We discovered several new matrices to increase the production of DNA ions. By innovative design of a mass spectrometer, we can increase the ion energy up to 45 KeV to enhance the detection sensitivity. Recently, we succeeded in detecting a DNA segment with 500 nucleotides. The sensitivity was 100 femtomole. Thus, we have fulfilled two key criteria for using mass spectrometry for fast DNA sequencing. The major effort in the near future is to improve the resolution. Different approaches are being pursued. When high resolution of mass spectrometry can be achieved and automation of sample preparation is developed, the sequencing speed to reach 500 megabases per year can be feasible.
Book Synopsis Advances in MALDI and Laser-Induced Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry by : Rainer Cramer
Download or read book Advances in MALDI and Laser-Induced Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Rainer Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the state-of-the-art of modern MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) and its applications. New applications and improvements in the MALDI field such as biotyping, clinical diagnosis, forensic imaging, and ESI-like ion production are covered in detail. Additional topics include MS imaging, biotyping/speciation and large-scale, high-speed MS sample profiling, new methods based on MALDI or MALDI-like sample preparations, and the advantages of ESI to MALDI MS analysis. This is an ideal book for graduate students and researchers in the field of bioanalytical sciences. This book also: • Showcases new techniques and applications in MALDI MS • Demonstrates how MALDI is preferable to ESI (electrospray ionization) • Illustrates the pros and cons associated with biomarker discovery studies in clinical proteomics and the various application areas, such as cancer proteomics
Book Synopsis Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for Fast DNA Analysis by :
Download or read book Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry for Fast DNA Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few years, major effort has been directed toward developing mass spectrometry to measure biopolymers because of the great potential benefit to biomedical research. Hellenkamp and his co-workers were the first to report that large polypeptide molecules can be ionized and detected without significant fragmentation when a greater number of nicotinic acid molecules are used as a matrix. This method is now well known as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Since then, various groups have reported measurements of very large proteins by MALDI. Reliable protein analysis by MALDI is more or less well established. However, the application of MALDI to nucleic acids analysis has been found to be much more difficult. Most research on the measurement of nucleic acid by MALDI were stimulated by the Human Genome Project. Up to now, the only method for reliable routine analysis of nucleic acid is gel electrophoresis. Different sizes of nucleic acids can be separated in gel medium when a high electric field is applied to the gel. However, the time needed to separate different sizes of DNA segments usually takes from several minutes to several hours. If MALDI can be successfully used for nucleic acids analysis, the analysis time can be reduced to less than I millisecond. In addition, no tagging with radioactive materials or chemical dyes is needed. In this work, we will review recent progress related to MALDI for DNA analysis.
Book Synopsis Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats with Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by : John M. Butler
Download or read book Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats with Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry written by John M. Butler and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of DNA typing and its use for human identity testing has revolutionized law enforcement investigations in recent years by allowing forensic laboratories to match suspects with minuscule amounts of biological evidence from a crime scene. Equally important is the use of DNA to exclude suspects who were not involved in a crime or to identify human remains in an accident. The past decade has seen numerous advances in the DNA testing procedures, most notably among them the development of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based DNA typing methods. Technologies for measuring DNA variations, both length and sequence polymorphisms, have also advanced rapidly in the past decade. The time needed to determine a sample's DNA profile has dropped from 6–8 weeks to 1–2 days, and with more recent advancements, the time needed to process samples may decrease to as little as a few hours, maybe even a few minutes. Simultaneous with the evolution of DNA markers and technologies embraced by the forensic community has been the acceptance and use of DNA typing information. All 50 States now have laws requiring DNA typing of convicted offenders, typically for violent crimes such as rape or homicide. While the law enforcement community is gearing up to gather millions of DNA samples from convicted felons, the DNA typing technology needs improvement. Large backlogs of samples exist today due to the high cost of performing the DNA testing and limited capabilities in forensic laboratories. A need exists for more rapid and cost-effective methods for high-throughput DNA analysis to process samples currently being gathered for large criminal DNA databases around the world. While larger numbers of samples can be processed by increasing the number of laboratory personnel and instruments, the development of high-throughput DNA processing technologies promises to be more cost effective in the long run, especially for the generation of large DNA databases. GeneTrace Systems, Inc., a small biotechnology company located in Alameda, California, has developed high-throughput DNA analysis capabilities using time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with parallel sample preparation on a robotic workstation. The GeneTrace technology allows several thousand samples to be processed daily. DNA samples can be analyzed in seconds, rather than minutes or hours, and with improved accuracy compared with conventional electrophoresis methods. Overall, the mass spectrometry method described in this study is two orders of magnitude faster in sample processing time than conventional techniques. This NIJ project was initiated to adapt the GeneTrace technology to human identity DNA markers commonly used by forensic DNA laboratories, specifically short tandem repeat (STR) markers. An extension of the original grant was submitted in December 1997 to fund the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. Based on the results obtained in this study, the authors believe mass spectrometry can be a useful and effective means for high-throughput DNA analysis, and that it has the capabilities to meet the needs of the forensic DNA community for offender DNA databases. However, due to limited resources and a perceived difficulty to enter the forensic DNA market, GeneTrace made a business decision to not pursue this market. While the STR milestones on the original grant were met, only the initial milestones were achieved on the SNP portion of the NIJ grant because of the premature termination on the part of GeneTrace. GeneTrace Systems, Inc., developed an integrated high-throughput DNA analysis system involving the use of proprietary chemistry, robotic sample manipulation, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The purpose of this NIJ project was to apply the GeneTrace technology to improve the analysis of STR markers commonly used in forensic DNA laboratories.
Download or read book Forensic Science written by Evgeny Katz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrating on the natural science aspects of forensics, top international authors from renowned universities, institutes, and laboratories impart the latest information from the field. In doing so they provide the background needed to understand the state of the art in forensic science with a focus on biological, chemical, biochemical, and physical methods. The broad subject coverage includes spectroscopic analysis techniques in various wavelength regimes, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrochemical detection approaches, and imaging techniques, as well as advanced biochemical, DNA-based identification methods. The result is a unique collection of hard-to-get data that is otherwise only found scattered throughout the literature.
Book Synopsis Development of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging-mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS)-applications to Questions of Relevance to Forensic Science and Plant Biochemistry by : Kristen L. Fowble
Download or read book Development of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging-mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS)-applications to Questions of Relevance to Forensic Science and Plant Biochemistry written by Kristen L. Fowble and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DNA Fingerprinting: Advancements and Future Endeavors by : Hirak Ranjan Dash
Download or read book DNA Fingerprinting: Advancements and Future Endeavors written by Hirak Ranjan Dash and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basics and various applications of DNA fingerprinting, including in actual case studies. The book is divided in four modules; Module 1: Basics of DNA Fingerprinting, Module 2: Applications of DNA Fingerprinting, Module 3: DNA Fingerprinting: Case Studies, and Module 4: Future of DNA Fingerprinting. Each module consists of 4 to 5 chapters, written by reputed researchers, academics and forensic scientists from around the globe. The respective chapters cover e.g. related fields, the tools and techniques used, various genotyping kits, real-world case studies, ancient DNA and wild life forensics, molecular diagnosis of human diseases, legal aspects, microbial forensics and the economics of the DNA fingerprinting technique. The book offers a practical guide for professionals, graduate and post-graduate students in the fields of Forensic Science, Medicine, Genetics, Anthropology, Microbiology, and Zoology. It also serves as a useful reference resource, summarizing major technological advances in the field of DNA fingerprinting, the problems faced in this field of science and possible new solutions to these problems. Presently, DNA fingerprinting is utilized in solving the majority of criminal cases; as such, the book is also helpful for investigating agencies, as it includes representative case studies.
Book Synopsis Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats by : John M. Butler
Download or read book Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats written by John M. Butler and published by . This book was released on 2001-05-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA typing and its use for human identity testing has revolutionized law enforcement investigations by allowing forensic labs to match suspects with minuscule amounts of biological evidence from a crime scene. A need exists for more rapid and cost-effective methods for high-throughput DNA analysis to process samples currently being gathered for large criminal DNA databases around the world. This project was initiated to adapt the GeneTrace technology to human identity DNA markers commonly used by forensic DNA labs, specifically short tandem repeat markers. It was determined that mass spectrometry can be a useful and effective means for high-throughput DNA analysis.
Book Synopsis Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats with Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by : U.s. Department of Justice
Download or read book Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats with Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry written by U.s. Department of Justice and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of DNA typing and its use for human identity testing has revolutionized law enforcement investigations in recent years by allowing forensic laboratories to match suspects with minuscule amounts of biological evidence from a crime scene. Equally important is the use of DNA to exclude suspects who were not involved in a crime or to identify human remains in an accident. The past decade has seen numerous advances in the DNA testing procedures, most notably among them the development of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based DNA typing methods.
Book Synopsis The Analysis of Forensic Samples Using Laser Micro-Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry by : S. Armitage
Download or read book The Analysis of Forensic Samples Using Laser Micro-Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry written by S. Armitage and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser micropyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used for the analysis of paint, photocopier toner, and synthetic fiber materials to test the forensic potential of this emerging technology. It uses a laser microprobe to selectively target very small parts of the materials for GC-MS analysis. Whereas the paint and the toner samples were amenable to direct laser pyrolysis, the synthetic fibers proved transparent to the 1064 nm laser radiation. The difficulty with the fibers demonstrates that a specific laser wavelength may not be appropriate for all types of materials. Nevertheless, the fibers were able to be indirectly pyrolyzed by impregnation in a strongly absorbing graphite matrix. A vast array of hydrocarbon pyrolysates was detected from the different materials studied. Unique product distributions were detected from each sample and in sufficient detail to facilitate individual molecular characterization (i.e., molecular fingerprinting) The integrity of the laser data were confirmed by comparison to data obtained from the same samples by the more conventional pyroprobe pyrolysis GC-MS method. The high spatial resolution and selectivity of the laser method may be advantageous for specific forensic applications, however, further work may be required to improve the reproducibility of the data.
