Laser Created Relativistic Positron Jets

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Laser Created Relativistic Positron Jets

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Created Relativistic Positron Jets by :

Download or read book Laser Created Relativistic Positron Jets written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron-positron jets with MeV temperature are thought to be present in a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena such as active galaxies, quasars, gamma ray bursts and black holes. They have now been created in the laboratory in a controlled fashion by irradiating a gold target with an intense picosecond duration laser pulse. About 1011 MeV positrons are emitted from the rear surface of the target in a 15 to 22-degree cone for a duration comparable to the laser pulse. These positron jets are quasi-monoenergetic (E/[delta]E ≈ 5) with peak energies controllable from 3-19 MeV. They have temperatures from 1-4 MeV in the beam frame in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Positron production has been studied extensively in recent decades at low energies (sub-MeV) in areas related to surface science, positron emission tomography, basic antimatter science such as antihydrogen experiments, Bose-Einstein condensed positronium, and basic plasma physics. However, the experimental tools to produce very high temperature positrons and high-flux positron jets needed to simulate astrophysical positron conditions have so far been absent. The MeV temperature jets of positrons and electrons produced in our experiments offer a first step to evaluate the physics models used to explain some of the most energetic phenomena in the universe.

LASER PRODUCED RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIR PLASMA JET

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis LASER PRODUCED RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIR PLASMA JET by :

Download or read book LASER PRODUCED RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIR PLASMA JET written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Relativistic Kinetic Theory

Author : Gregory V. Vereshchagin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316982564
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (169 download)

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Book Synopsis Relativistic Kinetic Theory by : Gregory V. Vereshchagin

Download or read book Relativistic Kinetic Theory written by Gregory V. Vereshchagin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic kinetic theory has widespread application in astrophysics and cosmology. The interest has grown in recent years as experimentalists are now able to make reliable measurements on physical systems where relativistic effects are no longer negligible. This ambitious monograph is divided into three parts. It presents the basic ideas and concepts of this theory, equations and methods, including derivation of kinetic equations from the relativistic BBGKY hierarchy and discussion of the relation between kinetic and hydrodynamic levels of description. The second part introduces elements of computational physics with special emphasis on numerical integration of Boltzmann equations and related approaches, as well as multi-component hydrodynamics. The third part presents an overview of applications ranging from covariant theory of plasma response, thermalization of relativistic plasma, comptonization in static and moving media to kinetics of self-gravitating systems, cosmological structure formation and neutrino emission during the gravitational collapse.

Particle Interactions in High-Temperature Plasmas

Author : Oliver James Pike
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331963447X
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Interactions in High-Temperature Plasmas by : Oliver James Pike

Download or read book Particle Interactions in High-Temperature Plasmas written by Oliver James Pike and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis makes two important contributions to plasma physics. The first is the extension of the seminal theoretical works of Spitzer and Braginskii, which describe the basics of particle interactions in plasma, to relativistic systems. Relativistic plasmas have long been studied in high-energy astrophysics and are becoming increasingly attainable in the laboratory. The second is the design of a new class of photon–photon collider, which is the first capable of detecting the Breit–Wheeler process. Though it offers the simplest way for light to be converted into matter, the process has never been detected in the 80 years since its theoretical prediction. The experimental scheme proposed here exploits the radiation used in inertial confinement fusion experiments and could in principle be implemented in one of several current-generation facilities.

Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasmas

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasmas by :

Download or read book Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review recent experimental results on the path to producing electron-positron pair plasmas using lasers. Relativistic pair-plasmas and jets are believed to exist in many astrophysical objects and are often invoked to explain energetic phenomena related to Gamma Ray Bursts and Black Holes. On earth, positrons from radioactive isotopes or accelerators are used extensively at low energies (sub-MeV) in areas related to surface science positron emission tomography and basic antimatter science. Experimental platforms capable of producing the high-temperature pair-plasma and high-flux jets required to simulate astrophysical positron conditions have so far been absent. In the past few years, we performed extensive experiments generating positrons with intense lasers where we found that relativistic electron and positron jets are produced by irradiating a solid gold target with an intense picosecond laser pulse. The positron temperatures in directions parallel and transverse to the beam both exceeded 0.5 MeV, and the density of electrons and positrons in these jets are of order 1016 cm-3 and 1013 cm-3, respectively. With the increasing performance of high-energy ultra-short laser pulses, we expect that a high-density, up to 1018 cm-3, relativistic pair-plasma is achievable, a novel regime of laboratory-produced hot dense matter.

Progress Towards a Laser Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasma

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress Towards a Laser Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasma by :

Download or read book Progress Towards a Laser Produced Relativistic Electron-positron Pair Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, a set of experiments has been performed exploring unique characteristics of pair jets and plasmas at several energetic short-pulse laser facilities including Titan at Livermore and OMEGA EP in Rochester, as well as the Osaka LFEX and AWE Orion lasers. New results are summarized, including positron beam emittance, scaling of pair production vs. laser energy, and initial results on the pair jet collimation using electromagnetic fields.

Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron{u2013}positron Pair Plasmas

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron{u2013}positron Pair Plasmas by :

Download or read book Towards Laboratory Produced Relativistic Electron{u2013}positron Pair Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review recent experimental results on the path to producing electron–positron pair plasmas using lasers. Relativistic pair-plasmas and jets are believed to exist in many astrophysical objects and are often invoked to explain energetic phenomena related to Gamma Ray Bursts and Black Holes. On earth, positrons from radioactive isotopes or accelerators are used extensively at low energies (sub-MeV) in areas related to surface science positron emission tomography and basic antimatter science. Experimental platforms capable of producing the high-temperature pair-plasma and high-flux jets required to simulate astrophysical positron conditions have so far been absent. In the past few years, we performed extensive experiments generating positrons with intense lasers where we found that relativistic electron and positron jets are produced by irradiating a solid gold target with an intense picosecond laser pulse. The positron temperatures in directions parallel and transverse to the beam both exceeded 0.5 MeV, and the density of electrons and positrons in these jets are of order 1016 cm-3 and 1013 cm-3, respectively. With the increasing performance of high-energy ultra-short laser pulses, we expect that a high-density, up to 1018 cm-3, relativistic pair-plasma is achievable, a novel regime of laboratory-produced hot dense matter.

Studies of Positron Generation from Ultraintense Laser-matter Interactions

Author : Gerald Jackson Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781369201529
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies of Positron Generation from Ultraintense Laser-matter Interactions by : Gerald Jackson Williams

Download or read book Studies of Positron Generation from Ultraintense Laser-matter Interactions written by Gerald Jackson Williams and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-produced pair jets possess unique characteristics that offer great potential for their use in laboratory-astrophysics experiments to study energetic phenomenon such as relativistic shock accelerations. High-flux, high-energy positron sources may also be used to study relativistic pair plasmas and useful as novel diagnostic tools for high energy density conditions. Copious amounts of positrons are produced with MeV energies from directly irradiating targets with ultraintense lasers where relativistic electrons, accelerated by the laser field, drive positron-electron pair production. Alternatively, laser wakefield accelerated electrons can produce pairs by the same mechanisms inside a secondary converter target.This dissertation describes a series of novel experiments that investigate the characteristics and scaling of pair production from ultraintense lasers, which are designed to establish a robust platform for laboratory-based relativistic pair plasmas. Results include a simple power-law scaling to estimate the effective positron yield for elemental targets for any Maxwellian electron source, typical of direct laser-target interactions. To facilitate these measurements, a solenoid electromagnetic coil was constructed to focus emitted particles, increasing the effective collection angle of the detector and enabling the investigation of pair production from thin targets and low-Z materials. Laser wakefield electron sources were also explored as a compact, high repetition rate platform for the production of high energy pairs with potential applications to the creation of charge-neutral relativistic pair plasmas. Plasma accelerators can produce low-divergence electron beams with energies approaching a GeV at ~Hz frequencies. It was found that, even for high-energy positrons, energy loss and scattering mechanisms in the target create a fundamental limit to the divergence and energy spectrum of the emitted positrons. The potential future application of laser-generated pairs was considered by exploring the feasibility of radiographing an imploding inertial confinement fusion capsule at ignition- relevant conditions. For an in-flight areal density of 0.02-0.2 g/cm2, currently available positron sources can make density and spatial measurements of deuterium-tritium fuel cores where additional complications of full-scale experiments are expected to reduce the measurement sensitivity.

Tuning Laser Produced Electron-positron Jets for Lab-astrophysics Experiment

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Tuning Laser Produced Electron-positron Jets for Lab-astrophysics Experiment by :

Download or read book Tuning Laser Produced Electron-positron Jets for Lab-astrophysics Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the experiments on the laser produced electron-positron jets using large laser facilities worldwide. The goal of the experiments was to optimize the parameter of the pair jets for their potential applications in laboratory-astrophysical experiment. Results on tuning the pair jet's energy, number, emittance and magnetic collimation will be presented.

High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics

Author : George A. Kyrala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402034831
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics by : George A. Kyrala

Download or read book High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics written by George A. Kyrala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past several years, research teams around the world have developed astrophysics-relevant utilizing high energy-density facilities such as intense lasers and z-pinches. Research is underway in many areas, such as compressible hydrodynamic mixing, strong shock phenomena, radiation flow, radiative shocks and jets, complex opacities, equations o fstat, and relativistic plasmas. Beyond this current research and the papers it is producing, plans are being made for the application, to astrophysics-relevant research, of the 2 MJ National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; the 600 kj Ligne d'Intergration Laser (LIL) and the 2 MJ Laser Megajoule (LMJ) in Bordeaux, France; petawatt-range lasers now under construction around the world; and current and future Z pinches. The goal of this conference and these proceedings is to continue focusing and attention on this emerging research area. The conference brought together different scientists interested in this emerging new filed, with topics covering: - Hydrodynamic instabilities in astrophysics, - Supernovae and supernova remnant evolution, - Aastrophysical shocks, blast waves, and jets, - Stellar opacities, - Radiation and thermal transport, - Dense plasma atomic physics and EOS - X-ray photoionized plasmas, - Ultrastrong magnetic field generation Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science, volume 298, Nos. 1-2, 2005

High-Energy-Density Physics

Author : R Paul Drake
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331967711X
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Energy-Density Physics by : R Paul Drake

Download or read book High-Energy-Density Physics written by R Paul Drake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The raw numbers of high-energy-density physics are amazing: shock waves at hundreds of km/s (approaching a million km per hour), temperatures of millions of degrees, and pressures that exceed 100 million atmospheres. This title surveys the production of high-energy-density conditions, the fundamental plasma and hydrodynamic models that can describe them and the problem of scaling from the laboratory to the cosmos. Connections to astrophysics are discussed throughout. The book is intended to support coursework in high-energy-density physics, to meet the needs of new researchers in this field, and also to serve as a useful reference on the fundamentals. Specifically the book has been designed to enable academics in physics, astrophysics, applied physics and engineering departments to provide in a single-course, an introduction to fluid mechanics and radiative transfer, with dramatic applications in the field of high-energy-density systems. This second edition includes pedagogic improvements to the presentation throughout and additional material on equations of state, heat waves, and ionization fronts, as well as problem sets accompanied by solutions.

Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908637X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics by : National Research Council

Download or read book Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-11 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes. These advances will also benefit inertial confinement fusion research and the nation's nuclear weapon's program. The report describes the major research facilities on which such high energy density conditions can be achieved and lists a number of key scientific questions about high energy density physics that can be addressed by this research. Several recommendations are presented that would facilitate the development of a comprehensive strategy for realizing these research opportunities.

Edward Teller Lectures

Author : Heinrich Hora
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 1911299662
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Edward Teller Lectures by : Heinrich Hora

Download or read book Edward Teller Lectures written by Heinrich Hora and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to achieve unlimited, safe, clean and low-cost energy by laser- or beam-driven inertial nuclear fusion has preoccupied all winners of the Edward Teller Medal since its inception in 1991. This book presents their findings, meeting discussions, and personal insights from Edward Teller himself. Expect discussion of important advances anticipated in the future such as multi-billion dollar fusion research projects (NIF), and new schemes such as the petawatt-picosecond laser-plasma interactions evoking new physics and coupling mechanisms. For the first time, laser technology of the new century is providing the very short and extremely intense energetic pulses needed for fusion energy from next generation power stations, which produce energy at cost several times lower than any other source. The long-sought dream to directly ignite frozen heavy hydrogen for controlled use is close to being realized. Years of research on plasmas and lasers carried out worldwide in highly sophisticated experiments is summarized. The coverage begins with the work of John Nuckolls and Nobel Laureate Nikolai Basov and leads to the new scheme of plasma block acceleration via the nonlinear ponderomotive force. Edward Teller Lectures is one of the first guides to these new developments.

Physics with Many Positrons

Author : Alfredo Dupasquier
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1607506467
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics with Many Positrons by : Alfredo Dupasquier

Download or read book Physics with Many Positrons written by Alfredo Dupasquier and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of positron emission tomography (PET), the field of low energy positron science produces relatively few academic articles each year compared to more accessible fields. Though much has been achieved since the publication of two related volumes earlier in this series: Positron Solid State Physics (1981) and Positron Spectroscopy of Solids (1993), only the first steps have been made towards 'physics with many positrons': physical situations where the interactions of positrons with positrons can be observed. This 2009 "Enrico Fermi School" aims to stimulate the field o.

Extreme States of Matter

Author : Vladimir E. Fortov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319189530
Total Pages : 714 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Extreme States of Matter by : Vladimir E. Fortov

Download or read book Extreme States of Matter written by Vladimir E. Fortov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.

Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464963282
Total Pages : 8864 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 8864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in General Physics Research / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about General Physics Research. The editors have built Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about General Physics Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Laser Physics at the Limits

Author : Hartmut Figger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540424185
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Physics at the Limits by : Hartmut Figger

Download or read book Laser Physics at the Limits written by Hartmut Figger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-02 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.