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Large Scale Ocean Circulation Air Sea Gas Exchange And Carbon Isotopes In A Three Dimensional Computationally Efficient Ocean Model
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Book Synopsis Large-scale Ocean Circulation, Air-sea Gas Exchange, and Carbon Isotopes in a Three-dimensional, Computationally Efficient Ocean Model by : Simon Adrian Müller
Download or read book Large-scale Ocean Circulation, Air-sea Gas Exchange, and Carbon Isotopes in a Three-dimensional, Computationally Efficient Ocean Model written by Simon Adrian Müller and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate by : Mick Follows
Download or read book The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate written by Mick Follows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-08-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Dynamic Using an Adjoint Three-dimensional Ocean Carbon Cycle Model by : Jerry Fong Tjiputra
Download or read book Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Dynamic Using an Adjoint Three-dimensional Ocean Carbon Cycle Model written by Jerry Fong Tjiputra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Three-dimensional Ocean-seaice-carbon Cycle Model and Its Coupling to a Two-dimensional Atmospheric Model by : Stephanie Dutkiewicz
Download or read book A Three-dimensional Ocean-seaice-carbon Cycle Model and Its Coupling to a Two-dimensional Atmospheric Model written by Stephanie Dutkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe the coupling of a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, with explicit thermodynamic seaice and ocean carbon cycle representations, to a two-dimensional atmospheric/land model. This coupled system has been developed as an efficient and flexible tool with which to investigate future climate change scenarios. The setup is sufficiently fast for large ensemble simulations that address uncertainties in future climate modeling. However, the ocean component is detailed enough to provide a tool for looking at the mechanisms and feedbacks that are essential for understanding the future changes in the ocean system. Here we show results from a single example simulation: a spin-up to pre-industrial steady state, changes to ocean physical and biogeochemical states for the 20th century (where changes in greenhouse gases and aerosol concentrations are taken from observations) and predictions of further changes for the 21st century in response to increased greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions. We plan, in future studies to use this model to investigate processes important to the heat uptake of the oceans, changes to the ocean circulation and mechanisms of carbon uptake and how these will change in future climate scenarios.
Book Synopsis Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics by : D.L.T. Anderson
Download or read book Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics written by D.L.T. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book which is the outcome of a NATO-Advanced Study Institute on Mod elling the Ocean Circulation and Geochemical Tracer Transport is concerned with using models to infer the ocean circulation. Understanding our climate is one of the major problems of the late twentieth century. The possible climatic changes resulting from the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other trace gases are of primary interest and the ocean pla. ys a ma. jor role in determining the magnitude, temporal evolution and regional distribution of those changes. Because of the poor observational basis the ocean general circulation is not well understood. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) which is now underway is an attempt to improve our knowledge of ocean dynamics and thermodynamics on global scales relevant to climate change. Despite those efforts, the oceanic data base is likely to remain scarce and it is crucial to use appropriate methods in order to extract the maximum amount of information from observations. The book contains a thorough analysis of methods to combine data of val'ious types with dynamical concepts, and to assimilate data directly into ocean models. The properties of geocl;temical tracers such as HC, He, Tritium and Freons and how they may be used to impose integral constraints on the ocean circulation are discussed.
Author :Patrick Buat-Ménard Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9789027723185 Total Pages :574 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (231 download)
Book Synopsis The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling by : Patrick Buat-Ménard
Download or read book The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-09-30 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Book Synopsis The Mathematics Of Large-scale Atmosphere And Ocean by : Michael John Priestley Cullen
Download or read book The Mathematics Of Large-scale Atmosphere And Ocean written by Michael John Priestley Cullen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-06-04 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high predictability of the atmosphere and ocean depends on the existence of a 'slow manifold', which contains the solutions of equations describing only large-scale motions. This unique compendium succinctly describes major recent advances in showing that these equations can be solved independently.The book is a new edition of a similar book published 15 years ago. The explanation of the mathematical techniques has been expanded. Many new theoretical results are included. Illustrations derived from production atmosphere and ocean models are also incorporated to cover the full range between rigorous mathematics and state-of-the-art numerical modelling.The author is a dynamical meteorologist with long experience and international standing. The mathematical results in the book were proved by many of the world's leading analysts. The results come from the Met Office Unified Model, which is one of the world's leading weather and climate models.Related Link(s)
Download or read book Surface Ocean written by Corinne Le Quéré and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187. The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area. The volume highlights include the following: Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystems Integrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry Issue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfide Tool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensing A framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field. The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.
Book Synopsis Large-scale Ocean Circulation, Dynamics, and Air-sea Exchanges by : Donata Giglio
Download or read book Large-scale Ocean Circulation, Dynamics, and Air-sea Exchanges written by Donata Giglio and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large-scale ocean circulation, dynamics, and air-sea exchanges are investigated, based on observational datasets including Argo and satellite altimetry, and viewed in the framework of modern theoretical ideas. Initially, the wind-driven interannual variability of the subtropical North Pacific is described. Using the extensive Argo dataset, it is seen that the North Pacific gyre varies in the strength of its interior circulation and in its spatial orientation, on interannual timescales. Also, satellite altimetry shows variations in sea surface height that are consistent with Argo steric height changes, and enabled a temporal extension of the 2004-2011 Argo study back to 1993. The next part of the thesis is focused on annual steric variability, including diabatic changes in the surface layer due to air-sea buoyancy fluxes and adiabatic changes due to wind-forced advection, which are dominant in the subsurface ocean. The annual signal in subsurface (200-2000 db) steric height zonally averaged over a season shows good agreement with the wind-forced vertical advection contribution, both in the global ocean and in different basins. This study, the first on global scale, also shows that the annual vertical advection extends deep into the water column. Next, the global pattern of climatological monthly heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface is estimated using Argo temperature and salinity profile data for the period 2004 to 2013. The air-sea flux estimates from Argo are described in global maps and basin-wide integrals, in comparison to atmospheric reanalysis data and to air-sea flux products based on observations. This ocean-based estimate of surface fluxes is consistent with property variations in the subsurface ocean and indicates greater amplitude for the climatological monthly heat flux values in the subtropics compared to other products. Similarly, the combination of Argo freshwater flux and reanalysis evaporation, suggests greater amplitude for climatological monthly precipitation in the tropics. Finally, this thesis describes the mean field of the North Pacific subtropical gyre using Argo T/S and trajectory data. The gyre is deeper than 1975 db and than the densest ventilated isopycnal, and it is deepest in the northwest subtropics. In the east, its axis tilts northeast with increasing pressure.
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Gerold Siedler
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Intercomparison of Three-dimensional Global Marine Carbon Cycle Models by :
Download or read book Evaluation and Intercomparison of Three-dimensional Global Marine Carbon Cycle Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning and deforestation has profound implications for the future of the earth's climate and hence for humankind itself. Society is looking toward the community of environmental scientists to predict the consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide so that sound input can be provided to economists, environmental engineers, and, ultimately, policy makers. Environmental scientists have responded to this challenge through the creation of several ambitious, highly-coordinated programs, each focused on a different aspect of the climate system. Recognizing that numerical models, be they relatively simple statistical-empirical models or highly complex process-oriented models, are the only means for predicting the future of the climate system, all of these programs include the development of accurate, predictive models as a central goal. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) is one such program, and was built on the well-founded premise that biological, chemical and physical oceanographic processes have a profound influence on the C02 content of the atmosphere. The, cap-stone, phase of JGOFS, the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP), is charged with the development of models that can be used in the prediction of future air-sea partitioning of C02. JGOFS, particularly the SMP phase, has a number of interim goals as well, including the determination of fluxes and inventories of carbon in the modern ocean that air germane to the air-sea partitioning of C02. Models have a role to play here too, because many of these fluxes and inventories, such as the distributions of anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), new primary production and aphotic zone remineralization, while not amenable to direct observation on the large scale, can be determined using a variety of modeling approaches (Siegenthaler and Oeschger, 1987; Maier-Reimer and Hasselman, 1987, Bacastow and Maier-Reimer, 1990; Sarmiento et al., 1992, Najjar et al., 1992). These twin needs for the development of marine carbon cycle models are expressed in two of the main elements of JGOFS SMP: (1) extrapolation and prediction, and (2) global and regional balances of carbon and related biologically-active substances. We propose to address these program elements through a coordinated, multi-investigator project to evaluate and intercompare several 3-D global marine carbon cycle models.
Book Synopsis Oceans and the Global Carbon Cycle by : Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study
Download or read book Oceans and the Global Carbon Cycle written by Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models by : J.C.J. Nihoul
Download or read book Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1985-07-01 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO2 and O2) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research.
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Modelling Oceanic Climate Interactions by : Jürgen Willebrand
Download or read book Modelling Oceanic Climate Interactions written by Jürgen Willebrand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean plays a central role in determining the climate of the earth. The oceanic circulation largely controls the temporal evolution of cli mate changes resulting from human activities such as the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and also affects the magnitude and regional distribution of those changes. On interannual and longer time scales the ocean is, through its interaction with the atmosphere, a source of important natural climate variations which we are only now beginning to recognise but whose cause has yet to be properly determined. Chem ical and biological processes in the ocean are linked to climate change, particularly through interaction with the global carbon cycle. A quantitative understanding of the oceanic role in the climate system requires models which include many complex processes and interactions, and which are systematically verified with observations. This is the ob jective of global research programs such as TOGA, WOCE, and JGOFS. Coupled numerical models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation constitute the basis of every climate simulation. Increasingly it is recog nized that in addition a biological/chemical component is necessary to capture the pathways of carbon and other trace gases. The development of such coupled models is a challenging task which needs scientists who must be cognizant of several other disciplines beyond their own specialty.
Book Synopsis Large Scale Air-sea Interactions with a Simple General Circulation Model and the Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Quasi-geostrophic Flows by : Richard Lawrence Salmon
Download or read book Large Scale Air-sea Interactions with a Simple General Circulation Model and the Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Quasi-geostrophic Flows written by Richard Lawrence Salmon and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Air-sea Gas Exchange Processes and Dissolved Gas/ice Interactions Using Noble Gases by : Eda Maria Hood
Download or read book Characterization of Air-sea Gas Exchange Processes and Dissolved Gas/ice Interactions Using Noble Gases written by Eda Maria Hood and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to constrain the processes controlling the cycles of biogeochemically important gases such as 02 and C02, and thereby infer rates of biological activity in the upper ocean or the uptake of radiatively important "greenhouse" gases, the noble gases are used to characterize and quantify the physical processes affecting the dissolved gases in aquatic environments. The processes of vertical mixing, gas exchange, air injection, and radiative heating are investigated using a 2 year time-series of the noble gases, temperature, and meteorological data from Station S near Bermuda, coupled with a 1- dimensional upper ocean mixing model to simulate the physical processes in the upper ocean. The rate of vertical mixing that best simulates the thermal cycle is 1.1±0.1 x104 m The gas exchange rate required to simulate the data is consistent with the formulation of Wanninkhof (1992) to ± 40%, while the formulation of Liss and Merlivat 1986 must be increased by a factor of 1.7± 0.6. The air injection rate is consistent with the formulation of Monahan and Torgersen (1991) using an air entrainment velocity of 3±1 cm s1. Gas flux from bubbles is dominated on yearly time-scales by larger bubbles that do not dissolve completely, while the bubble flux is dominated by complete dissolution of bubbles in the winter at Bermuda. In order to obtain a high-frequency time-series of the noble gases to better parameterize the gas flux from bubbles, a moorable, sequential noble gas sampler was developed. Preliminary results indicate that the sampler is capable of obtaining the necessary data. Dissolved gas concentrations can be significantly modified by ice formation and melting, and due to the solubility of He and Ne in ice, the noble gases are shown to be unique tracers of these interactions. A three-phase equilibrium partitioning model was constructed to quantify these interactions in perennially ice-covered Lake Fryxell, and this work was extended to oceanic environments. Preliminary surveys indicate that the noble gases may provide useful and unique information about interactions between water and ice
