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Language Processing In Atypical Populations
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Book Synopsis Language Processing in Atypical Populations by : Vivien C. Tartter
Download or read book Language Processing in Atypical Populations written by Vivien C. Tartter and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1998-10-16 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date presentation of language use and communication skills in alternative populations. It is aimed at an audience already exposed to psycholinguistics.
Book Synopsis Aphasia in Atypical Populations by : Patrick Coppens
Download or read book Aphasia in Atypical Populations written by Patrick Coppens and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and research in aphasiology have typically concentrated on a limited population--right-handed adult monolinguals whose language uses an alphabetic code. Bilingual individuals, ideographical code users, and children (among others) have been separated out. This book examines the available data from these "atypical" aphasics, asking whether what makes them different has a significant effect on language representation and processing in the brain. Each chapter reviews literature pertinent to a given population and explores whether (and potentially how) these populations differ from the "typical" aphasic population. The ultimate goal is to better understand whether the model of language used in aphasiology can be extended to these "atypical" populations, or conversely, whether significant differences merit the development of a new model.
Book Synopsis The Metaphorical Brain by : Seana Coulson
Download or read book The Metaphorical Brain written by Seana Coulson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the commonality of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review) . Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract domains [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain. [1] Arbib, M. A. (1989). The metaphorical brain 2: Neural networks and beyond. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2] Gibbs Jr, R. W. (Ed.). (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press. [3] Sweetser, Eve E. "Grammaticalization and semantic bleaching." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Vol. 14. 2011. [4] Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. Basic books. [5] Coulson, S. (2008). Metaphor comprehension and the brain. The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought, 177-194. [6] Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1977). The comprehension of metaphor in brain-damaged patients. Brain, 100(4), 717-729. [7] Coulson, S., & Van Petten, C. (2007). A special role for the right hemisphere in metaphor comprehension?: ERP evidence from hemifield presentation. Brain Research, 1146, 128-145. [8] Lai, V. T., Curran, T., & Menn, L. (2009). Comprehending conventional and novel metaphors: An ERP study. Brain Research, 1284, 145-155. [9] Schmidt, G. L., Kranjec, A., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Beyond laterality: a critical assessment of research on the neural basis of metaphor. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(01), 1-5. [10] Desai, R. H., Binder, J. R., Conant, L. L., Mano, Q. R., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2011). The neural career of sensory-motor metaphors. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2376-2386.
Book Synopsis Advancing Natural Language Processing in Educational Assessment by : Victoria Yaneva
Download or read book Advancing Natural Language Processing in Educational Assessment written by Victoria Yaneva and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancing Natural Language Processing in Educational Assessment examines the use of natural language technology in educational testing, measurement, and assessment. Recent developments in natural language processing (NLP) have enabled large-scale educational applications, though scholars and professionals may lack a shared understanding of the strengths and limitations of NLP in assessment as well as the challenges that testing organizations face in implementation. This first-of-its-kind book provides evidence-based practices for the use of NLP-based approaches to automated text and speech scoring, language proficiency assessment, technology-assisted item generation, gamification, learner feedback, and beyond. Spanning historical context, validity and fairness issues, emerging technologies, and implications for feedback and personalization, these chapters represent the most robust treatment yet about NLP for education measurement researchers, psychometricians, testing professionals, and policymakers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies by : Zhengdao Ye
Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies written by Zhengdao Ye and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new major reference work provides a comprehensive overview of linguistic phenomena in a variety of Sinitic languages in a global context, highlighting the dynamic interaction between these languages and English. This “living reference work” offers a window into the linguistic sphere in China and beyond, and showcases the latest research into diverse and evolving linguistic phenomena that have resulted from intensified interactions between the Sinophone world and other lingua-spheres. The Handbook is divided into five sections. The chapters in Section I (New Research Trends in Chinese Linguistic Research) present fast-growing research areas in Chinese linguistics, particularly those undertaken by scholars based in China. Section II (Interactions of Sinitic Languages) focuses on language-contact situations inside and outside China. The chapters in Section III (Meaning, Culture, Translation) explore the meanings of key cultural concepts, and how ideas move between Chinese and English through translation across various genres. Section IV (New Trends in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language) covers new ideas and practices relating to teaching the Chinese language and culture. The final section, Section V (Transference from Chinese to English), explores dynamic interactions between varieties of Chinese and varieties of English, as they play out in multilingual sites and settings
Book Synopsis Simplified Signs: A Manual Sign-Communication System for Special Populations, Volume 1. by : John D. Bonvillian
Download or read book Simplified Signs: A Manual Sign-Communication System for Special Populations, Volume 1. written by John D. Bonvillian and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simplified Signs presents a system of manual sign communication intended for special populations who have had limited success mastering spoken or full sign languages. It is the culmination of over twenty years of research and development by the authors. The Simplified Sign System has been developed and tested for ease of sign comprehension, memorization, and formation by limiting the complexity of the motor skills required to form each sign, and by ensuring that each sign visually resembles the meaning it conveys. Volume 1 outlines the research underpinning and informing the project, and places the Simplified Sign System in a wider context of sign usage, historically and by different populations. Volume 2 presents the lexicon of signs, totalling approximately 1000 signs, each with a clear illustration and a written description of how the sign is formed, as well as a memory aid that connects the sign visually to the meaning that it conveys. While the Simplified Sign System originally was developed to meet the needs of persons with intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, autism, or aphasia, it may also assist the communication needs of a wider audience – such as healthcare professionals, aid workers, military personnel , travellers or parents, and children who have not yet mastered spoken language. The system also has been shown to enhance learning for individuals studying a foreign language. Lucid and comprehensive, this work constitutes a valuable resource that will enhance the communicative interactions of many different people, and will be of great interest to researchers and educators alike.
Book Synopsis Neural Plasticity Across the Lifespan by : Gianfranco Denes
Download or read book Neural Plasticity Across the Lifespan written by Gianfranco Denes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Plasticity Across the Lifespan reviews the recent scientific developments which are transforming our understanding of the human brain. For many years it was thought that modifications to the structural and functional organization of the brain were limited to a short early period of life, "the critical period", and, in adults, to the memory system. Recent research suggests that on the contrary we should see the human brain as a flexible structure, which adapts and modifies in response to learning, sensory experience, age and disease. The book provides an integrated overview of contemporary research on neural plasticity - the process by which the brain can change in structure and function to cope with new experiences and react to the effects of acquired damage or sensory deprivation. It reviews data on plasticity in the developing brain, looking at both typical and atypical development, alongside clinical and observational research on the adult population. It covers a number of key topics, including: different forms of neural plasticity factors affecting neural plasticity (ageing and gender), neural plasticity in language acquisition, memory and bodily self-consciousness mechanisms of repair – plasticity following sensory deprivation and acquired brain damage. This is an accessible overview of an emerging field of research which has fundamental implications for how we perceive our potential to change throughout our lives. It will be essential reading for all students of cognitive development, cognitive neuroscience and lifespan development.
Book Synopsis Understanding Developmental Language Disorders by : Courtenay Frazier Norbury
Download or read book Understanding Developmental Language Disorders written by Courtenay Frazier Norbury and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental language disorders (DLD) occur when a child fails to develop his or her native language often for no apparent reason. Delayed development of speech and/or language is one of the most common reasons for parents of preschool children to seek the advice of their family doctor. Although some children rapidly improve, others have more persistent language difficulties. These long-term deficits can adversely affect academic progress, social relationships and mental well-being. Although DLDs are common, we are still a long way from understanding what causes them and how best to intervene. Understanding Developmental Language Disorders summarises the recent research developments in genetics and neuroimaging studies, assessment techniques and treatment studies to provide an overview of all aspects of DLD. The book investigates the possible genetic and biological causes of the disorder, how best to assess children's language skills to identify when and where communication breakdown occurs, what the long-term outcomes are for children who grow up with DLD, overlaps between DLD and other childhood disorders such as dyslexia and autism and how best to treat children with the disorder. Each chapter is written by a leading authority in the field in a format accessible to researchers, clinicians and families alike. This book, with its focus on both theory and practice, will be invaluable to students and researchers of speech-language pathology, psychology, psychiatry, linguistics and education. It will also be of interest to practicing speech-language pathologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, educational psychologists, and teachers and parents of children with developmental language disorders.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of the Neuroscience of Creativity by : Rex E. Jung
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of the Neuroscience of Creativity written by Rex E. Jung and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the brain bases of creativity have been of great interest to scholars and the public alike. However, recent technological innovations in the neurosciences, coupled with theoretical and methodological advances in creativity assessment, have enabled humans to gain unprecedented insights into the contributions of the brain to creative thought. This unique volume brings together contributions by the very best scholars to offer a comprehensive overview of cutting edge research on this important and fascinating topic. The chapters discuss creativity's relationship with intelligence, motivation, psychopathology and pharmacology, as well as the contributions of general psychological processes to creativity, such as attention, memory, imagination, and language. This book also includes specific and novel approaches to understanding creativity involving musicians, polymaths, animal models, and psychedelic experiences. The chapters are meant to give the reader a solid grasp of the diversity of approaches currently at play in this active and rapidly growing field of inquiry.
Book Synopsis Word Knowledge and Word Usage by : Vito Pirrelli
Download or read book Word Knowledge and Word Usage written by Vito Pirrelli and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Word storage and processing define a multi-factorial domain of scientific inquiry whose thorough investigation goes well beyond the boundaries of traditional disciplinary taxonomies, to require synergic integration of a wide range of methods, techniques and empirical and experimental findings. The present book intends to approach a few central issues concerning the organization, structure and functioning of the Mental Lexicon, by asking domain experts to look at common, central topics from complementary standpoints, and discuss the advantages of developing converging perspectives. The book will explore the connections between computational and algorithmic models of the mental lexicon, word frequency distributions and information theoretical measures of word families, statistical correlations across psycho-linguistic and cognitive evidence, principles of machine learning and integrative brain models of word storage and processing. Main goal of the book will be to map out the landscape of future research in this area, to foster the development of interdisciplinary curricula and help single-domain specialists understand and address issues and questions as they are raised in other disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Mind Under Scrutiny by : Teresa Lopez-Soto
Download or read book The Theory of Mind Under Scrutiny written by Teresa Lopez-Soto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-01 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a call to expand and diversify our approach to the study of the human mind in relation to the Theory of Mind. It proposes that it is necessary to combine cross-disciplinary methods to arrive at a more complete understanding of how our minds work. Seeking to expand the discussion surrounding the Theory of Mind beyond the field of psychology, and its focus on our capacity to ascribe mental states to other people, this volume collects evidence and research to point to a more holistic understanding of our own minds, the minds of others, behavior, language, and reasoning. This book therefore illuminates the conceptual intricacy underlying the Theory of Mind. It posits that a wide scope is necessary to make a breakthrough in scientific research towards a full understanding of the nature, function, and development of our capacity to converge on biological processes of the brain towards consciousness, emotion, awareness, and cognition. The volume presents methods, results, critiques, and models intended to provoke debates in various academic disciplines. It is of interest to scholars working in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis Speech Prosody in Atypical Populations by : Vesna Stojanovik
Download or read book Speech Prosody in Atypical Populations written by Vesna Stojanovik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is based on recent findings and reports current original research in the field of speech prosody in atypical populations. With contributions from experts working on the prosody of a specific client group, the book covers both paediatric and adult groups within a single volume, and promotes this often neglected area of clinical assessment and management. As well as being a key reference for those who are conducting research in this area, the book is an invaluable tool for speech and language therapists who currently rarely assess prosody because of the lack of information relevant to them." --Back cover.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Models of Speech Processing by : Gerry T. M. Altmann
Download or read book Cognitive Models of Speech Processing written by Gerry T. M. Altmann and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers and abstracts stems from the third meeting in the series of Sperlonga workshops on Cognitive Models of Speech Processing. It presents current research on the structure and organization of the mental lexicon, and on the processes that access that lexicon. The volume starts with discussion of issues in acquisition and consideration of questions such as, 'What is the relationship between vocabulary growth and the acquisition of syntax?', and, 'How does prosodic information, concerning the melodies and rhythms of the language, influence the processes of lexical and syntactic acquisition?'. From acquisition, the papers move on to consider the manner in which contemporary models of spoken word recognition and production can map onto neural models of the recognition and production processes. The issue of exactly what is recognised, and when, is dealt with next - the empirical findings suggest that the function of something to which a word refers is accessed with a different time-course to the form of that something. This has considerable implications for the nature, and content, of lexical representations. Equally important are the findings from the studies of disordered lexical processing, and two papers in this volume address the implications of these disorders for models of lexical representation and process (borrowing from both empirical data and computational modelling). The final paper explores whether neural networks can successfully model certain lexical phenomena that have elsewhere been assumed to require rule-based processes.
Book Synopsis Children's Language by : Ray Cattell
Download or read book Children's Language written by Ray Cattell and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is it that we can all open our mouths and speak, often at considerable length, without consciously thinking about the construction of the sentences we are using? And how is it that four-year-old children can apparently do the same thing? This book describes the theories that have been most influential during the twentieth century, namely, those of Skinner, Piaget, Halliday, Chomsky and Karmiloff-Smith, as well as a great deal of research that has been done by many linguists and psychologists. This book is aimed at first or second-year university courses, but should appeal to anyone who is interested in how children develop language.
Book Synopsis Children's Language: Revised Edition by : Ray Cattell
Download or read book Children's Language: Revised Edition written by Ray Cattell and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popular notion of how children come to speak their first language is that their parents teach them words, then phrases, then sentences, then longer utterances. Although there is widespread agreement amongst linguists that this account is wrong, there is much less agreement as to how children really learn language. This revised edition of Ray Cattell's bestselling textbook aims to give readers the background necessary to form their own views on the debate, and includes accessible summaries of key thinkers, including Chomsky, Halliday, Karmiloff-Smith and Piaget.
Book Synopsis Assessing Multilingual Children by : Sharon Armon-Lotem
Download or read book Assessing Multilingual Children written by Sharon Armon-Lotem and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second language learners often produce language forms resembling those of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). At present, professionals working in language assessment and education have only limited diagnostic instruments to distinguish language impaired migrant children from those who will eventually catch up with their monolingual peers. This book presents a comprehensive set of tools for assessing the linguistic abilities of bilingual children. It aims to disentangle effects of bilingualism from those of SLI, making use of both models of bilingualism and models of language impairment. The book’s methods-oriented focus will make it an essential handbook for practitioners who look for measures which could be adapted to a variety of languages in diverse communities, as well as academic researchers.
Book Synopsis Developmental Language Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence by : Katsarou, Dimitra V.
Download or read book Developmental Language Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence written by Katsarou, Dimitra V. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-10-16 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of language disorders often lacks comprehensive resources that address the diverse range of developmental language disorders and provide insights into effective treatment and special education approaches. Many existing books focus on specific disorders or groups of disorders, leaving a gap in knowledge and understanding for academic scholars and professionals seeking a broader perspective. This limitation hampers efforts to support individuals with developmental language disorders and integrate them into schools and society. Developmental Language Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, edited by Dimitra Katsarou, is a groundbreaking book that fills the void in literature by offering a holistic and inclusive approach to developmental language disorders. Unlike other publications, this edited volume covers a wide range of disorders and provides insights into linguistic approaches, treatment methods, and special education practices. It serves as a comprehensive resource that equips academic scholars, educators, clinicians, therapists, and parents with the knowledge and strategies needed to address developmental language disorders effectively. With chapters authored by experts in the field, the book explores topics such as psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, etiology, differential diagnosis, genetic syndromes, dyslexia, autism, aphasias, stuttering, psychological problems and language, developmental psychopathology, cognitive and linguistic profiles, special education, therapy, inclusion, and the roles of schools, families, and caregivers. By encompassing this broad range of subjects, the book provides readers with a deep understanding of the complexities of developmental language disorders and offers practical guidance for supporting individuals with language challenges. Developmental Language Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence is an essential resource for academic scholars, professionals, and individuals interested in developmental language disorders. By offering a comprehensive exploration of the subject and highlighting inclusive pedagogical approaches, the book empowers readers to better understand, diagnose, and support individuals with developmental language disorders. With its emphasis on treatment methods and special education practices, this book paves the way for more effective integration of individuals with language challenges into schools and society.
