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Author : Jetse D. Kalma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)
Download or read book Land Surface Processes in Large-scale Hydrology written by Jetse D. Kalma and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Venkataraman Lakshmi
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate written by Venkataraman Lakshmi and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2001-01-09 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.
Author : Nicolas Baghdadi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081011814
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Land Surface Remote Sensing in Continental Hydrology written by Nicolas Baghdadi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continental hydrological cycle is one of the least understood components of the climate system. The understanding of the different processes involved is important in the fields of hydrology and meteorology.In this volume the main applications for continental hydrology are presented, including the characterization of the states of continental surfaces (water state, snow cover, etc.) using active and passive remote sensing, monitoring the Antarctic ice sheet and land water surface heights using radar altimetry, the characterization of redistributions of water masses using the GRACE mission, the potential of GNSS-R technology in hydrology, and remote sensing data assimilation in hydrological models.This book, part of a set of six volumes, has been produced by scientists who are internationally renowned in their fields. It is addressed to students (engineers, Masters, PhD) , engineers and scientists, specialists in remote sensing applied to hydrology. Through this pedagogical work, the authors contribute to breaking down the barriers that hinder the use of Earth observation data. Provides clear and concise descriptions of modern remote sensing methods Explores the most current remote sensing techniques with physical aspects of the measurement (theory) and their applications Provides chapters on physical principles, measurement, and data processing for each technique described Describes optical remote sensing technology, including a description of acquisition systems and measurement corrections to be made
Author : R. A. Feddes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521495083
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Space and Time Scale Variability and Interdependencies in Hydrological Processes written by R. A. Feddes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-24 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the integrated contributions of hydrologists, meteorologists and ecologists to the first IHP/IAHS George Kovacs Colloquium in connection with the study of global hydrology and climate change. The atmospherical, hydrological and terrestrial components of the Earth's systems operate on different time and space scales. Resolving these scaling incongruities, as well as understanding and modelling the complex interaction of land surface processes at the different scales, represent a major challenge for hydrologists, ecologists and meteorological scientists alike. This book deals with time and space scale variations with reference to several topics including: soil water balance; ecosystems and interaction of flow systems; and macroscale hydrological modelling. This book will be of great use to researchers, engineers and forecasters with an interest in space and time scale variability.
Author : Jetse D. Kalma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Land Surface Processes in Large-scale Hydrology written by Jetse D. Kalma and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Soroosh Sorooshian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642605672
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Land Surface Processes in Hydrology written by Soroosh Sorooshian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General circulation models (GCMs) predict certain changes in the amounts and distribution of precipitation, but the conversion of these predictions of impacts on water resources presents novel problems in hydrologic modeling, particularly with regard to the scale of the processes involved. Therefore improved, distributed GCMs are required. New remote sensing technologies provide the necessary spatially distributed data. However, there are many attendant problems with the translation of remotely sensed signals into hydrologically relevant information. This book elucidates how to improve the representation of land surface hydrologic processes in GCMs and in regional and global scale climate studies. It is divided into five sections: Models and Data; Precipitation; Soil Moisture; Evapotranspiration; Runoff.
Author : G. A. Schultz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Coupling Large-scale Hydrological and Atmospheric Models written by G. A. Schultz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David A. Randall
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811333963
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Current Trends in the Representation of Physical Processes in Weather and Climate Models written by David A. Randall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the development of physical parameterization over the last 2 to 3 decades and provides a roadmap for its future development. It covers important physical processes: convection, clouds, radiation, land-surface, and the orographic effect. The improvement of numerical models for predicting weather and climate at a variety of places and times has progressed globally. However, there are still several challenging areas, which need to be addressed with a better understanding of physical processes based on observations, and to subsequently be taken into account by means of improved parameterization. And this is all the more important since models are increasingly being used at higher horizontal and vertical resolutions. Encouraging debate on the cloud-resolving approach or the hybrid approach with parameterized convection and grid-scale cloud microphysics and its impact on models’ intrinsic predictability, the book offers a motivating reference guide for all researchers whose work involves physical parameterization problems and numerical models.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309060761
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hydrologic Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-11 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrologic science, an important, interdisciplinary science dealing with the occurrence, distribution, and properties of water on Earth, is key to understanding and resolving many contemporary, large-scale environmental issues. The Water Science and Technology Board used the opportunity of its 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture to assess the vitality of the hydrologic sciences by the hydrologic community. The format included focus by lecturer Thomas Dunne on the intellectual vitality of the hydrologic sciences, followed by a symposium featuring several invited papers and discussions. Hydrologic Sciences is a compilation of the Wolman Lecture and the papers, preceded by a summarizing overview. The volume stresses a number of needs for furtherance of hydrologic science, including development of a coherent body of transferable theory and an intellectual center for the science, communication across multiple geo- and environmental science disciplines, appropriate measurements and observations, and provision of central guidance for the field.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309140242
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Landscapes on the Edge written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-25 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During geologic spans of time, Earth's shifting tectonic plates, atmosphere, freezing water, thawing ice, flowing rivers, and evolving life have shaped Earth's surface features. The resulting hills, mountains, valleys, and plains shelter ecosystems that interact with all life and provide a record of Earth surface processes that extend back through Earth's history. Despite rapidly growing scientific knowledge of Earth surface interactions, and the increasing availability of new monitoring technologies, there is still little understanding of how these processes generate and degrade landscapes. Landscapes on the Edge identifies nine grand challenges in this emerging field of study and proposes four high-priority research initiatives. The book poses questions about how our planet's past can tell us about its future, how landscapes record climate and tectonics, and how Earth surface science can contribute to developing a sustainable living surface for future generations.
Author : Jonathan Mark Winter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (695 download)
Download or read book Modeling Land Surface Processes of the Midwestern United States written by Jonathan Mark Winter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to quantify the response of soil moisture to climate change in the midwestern United States. To assess this response, a dynamic global vegetation model, Integrated Biosphere Simulator, was coupled to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3- IBIS). IBIS has several key advantages over the native surface physics scheme used in RegCM3, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme 1e (BATS1e), most notably superior subsurface hydrology and partitioning of runoff. A series of 22-year numerical experiments were completed to evaluate the ability of RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e to simulate the energy and water budgets of the American Midwest. Several errors in both RegCM3 and IBIS were identified and corrected, including a significant warm bias, an underestimation of root zone soil moisture, and an overestimation of incident surface shortwave radiation, net long wave radiation, and total runoff. In addition, an agricultural plant functional type was added to RegCM3-IBIS to better represent the current vegetation cover of the midwestern United States. The sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy plays an important role in determining the effects of climate change on regional hydrologic cycles. An intuitive framework based on the Penman-Monteith equation was developed that identifies deficiencies in model parameterizations of latent heat flux and provides a consistent comparison of the sensitivity of evapotranspiration between models and observations. For Illinois, RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e tend to overestimate the sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy in May and June, but underestimate the sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy in the late summer. The response of soil moisture in RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e to a surrogate climate change scenario and the ECHAM5 GCM A1B climate change scenario was evaluated. RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e simulate increased rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff during the spring and summer. Soil moisture is unchanged throughout the growing season as enhanced precipitation offsets increased evaporative demand. Negligible changes in soil moisture are robust across surface physics schemes, large-scale forcings, and convective closure assumptions.
Author : M. J. Kirkby
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hillslope Hydrology written by M. J. Kirkby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to the behavior of water on graded land Hillslope Hydrology provides a comprehensive introduction to the behavior of water on a slope. Describing the fates of precipitation, the mechanics of runoff, and the calculations involved in assessment, this book clarifies the complex interplay of soils, sediment, subsurface flow, overland flow, saturation, erosion, and more. An ideal resource for graduate students of Earth science, environmental science, civil engineering, architecture, landscape management, and related fields, this informative guide provides the essential information needed to work effectively with graded land or predict outcomes of precipitation.
Author : Paolo Reggiani
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039215078
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Climate Variability and Climate Change Impacts on Land Surface, Hydrological Processes and Water Management written by Paolo Reggiani and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last several decades, Earth´s climate has undergone significant changes due to anthropogenic global warming, and feedbacks to the water cycle. Therefore, persistent efforts are required to improve our understanding of hydrological processes and to engage in efficient water management strategies that explicitly consider changing environmental conditions. The twenty-four contributions in this book have broadly addressed topics across four major research areas: (1) Climate and land-use change impacts on hydrological processes, (2) hydrological trends and causality analysis faced in hydrology, (3) hydrological model simulations and predictions, and (4) reviews on water prices and climate extremes. The broad spectrum of international contributions to the Special Issue indicates that climate change impacts on water resources analysis attracts global attention. We hope that the collection of articles presented here can provide scientists, policymakers and stakeholders alike with insights that support sustainable decision-making in the face of climate change and increasingly scarce environmental resources.
Author : Nigel W. Arnell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131787823X
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)
Download or read book Hydrology and Global Environmental Change written by Nigel W. Arnell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology and Global Environmental Change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, the book looks at the main processes of global environmental change - global scale processes, large regional processes, repetitive processes - and how the hydrological cycle, processes and regimes impact on GEC and vice-versa.
Author : J.P. O'Kane
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483291480
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Advances in Theoretical Hydrology written by J.P. O'Kane and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift containing sixteen invited essays and papers is a tribute to the distinguished Irish hydrologist James Dooge on the occasion of his 70th birthday. His former students, colleagues and friends in fourteen countries, have provided a varied selection on his favourite topics: flow in open channels and unsaturated soil, and also from his major interest of recent years, large scale hydrology and global change. The book has three sections. The first section on hydrological processes contains six papers. The second section on large scale hydrology has four papers. Six historical, reflective and philosophical essays on the past and future of the hydrological sciences form the third section of the book.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309066484
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-12-04 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of fresh water is potentially one of the most pervasive crises of the coming century. Water-related decisions will determine the future of major ecosystems, the health of regional economies, and the political stability of nations. A vigorous program of research in hydrologic sciences can provide the basis for sound water management at local, regional, national, and international levels. The Committee on Hydrologic Science was established by the National Research Council in 1999 to identify priorities for hydrologic science that will ensure its vitality as a scientific discipline in service of societal needs. This charge will be performed principally through a series of studies that provide scientific advice on the hydrologic aspects of national program and U.S. hydrologic contributions to international programs. This first report contains a preliminary assessment of the hydrologic science content of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). Because this is a short and focused report, little effort is spent to reaffirm the established and successful elements of the USGCRP. In fact, the Committee generally endorses the findings of the National Research Council (NRC) report Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC, 1998a; the so-called Pathways report) in this respect. Instead the attention here is directed toward the most critical missing hydrologic science elements in the FY2000 USGCRP. This brings the focus to the terrestrial component of the water cycle. The integrative nature of terrestrial hydrology could significantly strengthen the USGCRP.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309060818
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-07-03 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to understand climate variability and predict future climate change have highlighted many aspects of the hydrologic cycle and the exchange of energy and water at the atmosphere-surface interface as areas of critically needed study. The very nature of weather and climate demands that an international perspective and a comprehensive research approach be applied to understand these important issues. In response to this need, the international partners of the World Climate Research Program developed GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Experiment) as a major focus of international study. As the first of five continental-scale experiments, the GEWEX Continental Scale International Project (GCIP) was established to quantitatively assess the hydrologic cycle and energy fluxes of the Mississippi River basin. GCIP focuses on understanding the annual, interannual, and spatial variability of hydrology and climate within the Mississippi River basin; the development and evaluation of regional coupled hydrologic/atmospheric models; the development of data assimilation schemes; and the development of accessible, comprehensive databases. Improved water resource management on seasonal to interannual time scales is also a key GCIP goal. This book reviews the GCIP program, describes progress to date, and explores promising opportunities for future progress.
