Competence and Program-based Approach in Training

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786303043
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Competence and Program-based Approach in Training by : Catherine Loisy

Download or read book Competence and Program-based Approach in Training written by Catherine Loisy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The controversies that have developed in recent years in the field of education and training around program and competency-based approaches are not without reminiscent of those which are at the origin of a reflection on the question of methods to monitor, control, organize and shape innovation in science and technology "and led to the emergence of the notion of responsibility for innovation and research "(Pellé & Reber, 2015). This book is clearly part of this type of approach. Starting from a current state of play on the issues and controversies raised by curricular and competency-based approaches (Chapters 1 and 2), this book aims at presenting new theoretical frameworks, allowing to account for the processes implied by the implementation of these pedagogical innovations and, in particular, those which, at the very heart of the skills mobilized, promote a "responsibility" dimension. Based on a developmental approach to individual and collective competencies and their evaluation (Chapters 3, 4 and 5), it attempts to show how this approach can mobilize educational practices on strong societal issues, such as "sustainable development "(Chapter 5). Lastly, it aims to provide theoretical and practical benchmarks to help engage educational teams and institutions in these innovative and responsible approaches by providing a coherent framework for doing so (Chapters 6, 7 and 8).

Conference Proceedings. The Future of Education. 8th Edition

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Author :
Publisher : libreriauniversitaria.it Edizioni
ISBN 13 : 8833590208
Total Pages : 690 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (335 download)

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Book Synopsis Conference Proceedings. The Future of Education. 8th Edition by : Pixel

Download or read book Conference Proceedings. The Future of Education. 8th Edition written by Pixel and published by libreriauniversitaria.it Edizioni. This book was released on 2018 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Professional Competencies for Accompanying Change

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Publisher : PUQ
ISBN 13 : 276052387X
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Professional Competencies for Accompanying Change by : Louise Lafortune

Download or read book Professional Competencies for Accompanying Change written by Louise Lafortune and published by PUQ. This book was released on 2009 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Professional Competencies for Accompanying Change".

Teacher Education in CALL

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Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027293325
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Teacher Education in CALL by : Philip Hubbard

Download or read book Teacher Education in CALL written by Philip Hubbard and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the need for a more considered and systematic approach to teacher education and training in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), in all its forms: Technology Enhanced Language Learning, Network-Based Language Learning, Information and Communication Technologies for Language Learning and so on. The 20 chapters of the book are divided into five parts: (1) foundations of teacher education in CALL; (2) CALL degree programs; (3) CALL pre-service courses; (4) CALL in-service projects, courses, and workshops; (5) alternatives to formal CALL training. The chapters cover a broad range of levels, environments, countries, and languages. Rather than simply offering inspired speculation, the chapters provide practical information to readers, reporting on what has actually been done in a wide variety of teacher education programs and courses around the world. In many cases, the chapters describe how programs and courses have evolved, and include either qualitative or quantitative research, or both, to inform the structure of CALL courses, tasks and activities.

Tendencias y retos en la formación inicial de los docentes

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Publisher : Universidad Pontificia Comillas
ISBN 13 : 8490129126
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Tendencias y retos en la formación inicial de los docentes by : Juan Carlos Torre Puente (coord.)

Download or read book Tendencias y retos en la formación inicial de los docentes written by Juan Carlos Torre Puente (coord.) and published by Universidad Pontificia Comillas. This book was released on with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

New Possibilities for the Past

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Author :
Publisher : UBC Press
ISBN 13 : 0774820616
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis New Possibilities for the Past by : Penney Clark

Download or read book New Possibilities for the Past written by Penney Clark and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The place of history in school curricula has sparked heated debate in Canada. Is Canadian history dead? Who killed it? Should history be put in the service of nation? Can any history be truly inclusive? New Possibilities for the Past advances the debate by shifting the focus from what should be included in a nation’s history to how we should think about and teach the past. Museum educators, secondary school teachers, historians, and history educators document the state of history education research. They go on to consider the implications of the research for classrooms from kindergarten to graduate school and in other contexts such as museums, virtual environments, and public institutional settings. This book takes into consideration the perspectives of indigenous peoples, the citizens of Quebec, and advocates of citizenship education. This volume sets a comprehensive research agenda for educators, policy-makers, and historians to help students learn about and, more importantly, understand the significance of the past.

Le développement des compétences en Afrique subsaharienne, un exercice d'équilibre

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815763
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Le développement des compétences en Afrique subsaharienne, un exercice d'équilibre by : Omar Arias

Download or read book Le développement des compétences en Afrique subsaharienne, un exercice d'équilibre written by Omar Arias and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malgré la forte croissance économique que l’Afrique subsaharienne a connue ces vingt dernières années, les niveaux de transformation économique, de réduction de la pauvreté et de développement des compétences dans cette partie du monde sont bien inférieurs à ceux des autres régions. Des investissements judicieux dans le développement des compétences, en accord avec les objectifs politiques de croissance de la productivité, d’inclusion et d’adaptabilité, peuvent aider à accélérer la transformation économique de la région subsaharienne au XXIe siècle. L’augmentation de la population en âge de travailler en Afrique subsaharienne constitue une réelle chance d’accroître la prospérité collective. Les pays de la région ont investi massivement dans le développement des compétences†‰; les dépenses publiques consacrées à l’éducation ont été multipliées par sept au cours des 30 dernières années, et le nombre d’enfants scolarisés est aujourd’hui plus élevé que jamais. Pourtant, les systèmes d’éducation de cette population n’ont pas donné les résultats escomptés, et ces insuffisances entravent considérablement les perspectives économiques. Dans la moitié des pays, moins de deux enfants sur trois terminent l’école primaire, et encore moins atteignent des niveaux supérieurs d’enseignement et obtiennent un diplôme. Les acquis d’apprentissage demeurent faibles, ce qui entraîne des lacunes dans les compétences cognitives de base telles que la lecture, l’écriture et le calcul, aussi bien chez les enfants, les jeunes que les adultes. Le taux d’alphabétisation de la population adulte est inférieur à 50 % dans de nombreux pays†‰; la part des adultes sachant lire, écrire et compter de manière fonctionnelle est encore plus faible. Une réforme du système est nécessaire pour réaliser des progrès significatifs. De multiples agences aux niveaux national et local sont impliquées dans les stratégies de développement des compétences, faisant des compétences «†‰le problème de tous, mais la responsabilité de personne†‰». Les politiques et les réformes doivent permettre de renforcer les capacités des politiques qui ont fait leurs preuves et d’instaurer des mesures incitatives visant à faire converger le comportement de tous les acteurs dans la poursuite des objectifs de développement des compétences au niveau national. Le développement des compétences en Afrique subsaharienne, un exercice d’équilibre. Investir dans les compétences pour la productivité, l’inclusion et l’adaptabilité présente des données qui éclaireront les choix stratégiques des pays en matière d’investissements dans les compétences. Chaque chapitre aborde un ensemble de questions spécifiques, en s’appuyant sur une analyse originale et sur une synthèse des travaux existants pour explorer les domaines principaux : • comment les compétences appropriées à chaque étape du cycle de vie sont-elles acquises et quelles défaillances du marché et des institutions affectent le développement des compétences†‰; • quels systèmes sont nécessaires pour que les individus aient accès à ces compétences, notamment les investissements consentis par les familles, les institutions du secteur privé, les écoles et autres programmes publics†‰; • comment ces systèmes peuvent-ils être renforcés†‰; • comment les personnes les plus vulnérables, à savoir celles qui ne font pas partie des systèmes standards et qui n’ont pas réussi à acquérir des compétences essentielles, peuvent-elles être soutenues. Les pays de la région seront souvent confrontés à des arbitrages difficiles qui auront des effets distributifs et influeront sur leur trajectoire de développement. Des dirigeants engagés, des efforts conjoints de réforme et des politiques bien coordonnées sont essentiels pour aborder le délicat exercice d’équilibre que représente le développement des compétences en Afrique subsaharienne.

Competency Based Education and Training

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Author :
Publisher : Editorial Limusa
ISBN 13 : 9789681861131
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Competency Based Education and Training by : Antonio Argüelles

Download or read book Competency Based Education and Training written by Antonio Argüelles and published by Editorial Limusa. This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the implementation of competency based education and training in a number of countries.

COMPRENDRE SON HISTOIRE PERSONNELLE ET CELLE DE L’AUTRE

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Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 129150852X
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis COMPRENDRE SON HISTOIRE PERSONNELLE ET CELLE DE L’AUTRE by : Anne-Marie Lamarre

Download or read book COMPRENDRE SON HISTOIRE PERSONNELLE ET CELLE DE L’AUTRE written by Anne-Marie Lamarre and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Perspectives on Student Outcomes and Homework

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134019777
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis International Perspectives on Student Outcomes and Homework by : Rollande Deslandes

Download or read book International Perspectives on Student Outcomes and Homework written by Rollande Deslandes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis of the latest knowledge on homework presents unique findings by researchers from various countries and diverse professional backgrounds. It approaches the topic of homework from several perspectives, including its political and cultural contexts aspects of parental involvement and parent-child relationships school contexts and practices observable impacts It highlights homework-specific concerns and considers two principal solutions. Firstly, support initiatives from schools and communities. Secondly, improved homework design, aimed at attracting greater student interest and promoting communication within families. Recommendations for practice and future research are also discussed. A political analysis shows that current confusion about homework might stem from a tension between two prevailing ideologies, one stressing students’ improved achievement in competing economies, and the other privileging collaboration between the school, family and community. This book considers how both teachers and parents can ensure a balance between the child’s school life and his or her overall development. Certain community resources are available to parents and students, but these in no way absolve parents of the responsibility to maintain an interest in their child’s school activities. International Perspectives on Student Outcomes and Homework proposes ideas and actions of relevance to everyone interested in the issue: school administrations, teachers in training and in practice, parents, and researchers eager to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field. It is a perfect companion to International Perspectives on Contexts, Communities and Evaluated Innovative Practices, also edited by Rollande Deslandes, and published simultaneously by Routledge.

Religious Education in a Global-Local World

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319322893
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Education in a Global-Local World by : Jenny Berglund

Download or read book Religious Education in a Global-Local World written by Jenny Berglund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Religious Education (RE) in over ten countries, including Australia, Indonesia, Mali, Russia, UK, Ireland, USA, and Canada. Investigating RE from a global and multi-interdisciplinary perspective, it presents research on the diverse past, present, and possible future forms of RE. In doing so, it enhances public and professional understanding of the complex issues and debates surrounding RE in the wider world. The volume emphasizes a student-centred approach, viewing any kind of ‘RE’, or its absence, as a formative lived experience for pupils. It stresses a bottom-up, sociological and ethnographic/anthropological research-based approach to the study of RE, rather than the ‘top down’ approaches which often start from prescriptive legal, ideological or religious standpoints. The twelve chapters in this volume regard RE as an entity that has multiple and contested meanings and interpretations that are constantly negotiated. For some, ‘RE’ means religious nurturing, either tailored to parental views or meant to inculcate a uniform religiosity. For others, RE means learning about the many religious and non-religious world-views and secular ethics that exist, not promoting one religion or another. Some seek to avoid the ambiguous term ‘religious education’, replacing it with terms such as ‘education about religions and beliefs’ or ‘the religious dimension of intercultural education’.

Philosophy as Translation and the Understanding of Other Cultures

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135100834X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy as Translation and the Understanding of Other Cultures by : Naomi Hodgson

Download or read book Philosophy as Translation and the Understanding of Other Cultures written by Naomi Hodgson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existential crises involved in translation are part of our political life, especially in times when the closing of borders symbolized by Brexit and the triumph of Donald Trump, present new challenges to those living lives of immigrancy and those waiting at the borders. How to resist the emotive tide of populism and, in particular, the language that legitimates exclusion? How to confront the anxieties of inclusion? These challenges are increasingly pressing. The 2016 Conference of the International Network of Philosophers of Education sought to address such concerns through the theme ‘Philosophy as translation and the understanding of other cultures’. The chapters included here represent the breadth and richness of that conference, addressing questions of ethics, desire, religious understanding, intercultural philosophy, and practices of higher education and teacher education. The processes of translation they discuss are not limited to linguistic translation as conventionally understood. Instead translation is taken to be a window through which to understand how we, as linguistic beings, are constantly in a process of transformation, and how our personal and cultural identities are, hence, also already involved in processes of translation. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethics & Education.

Building Inclusive Communities in Rural Canada

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Author :
Publisher : University of Alberta
ISBN 13 : 1772126683
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Inclusive Communities in Rural Canada by : Clark Banack

Download or read book Building Inclusive Communities in Rural Canada written by Clark Banack and published by University of Alberta. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection challenges misconceptions that rural Canada is a bastion of intolerance. While examining the extent and nature of contemporary cultural and religious discrimination in rural Canadian communities, the editors and contributors explore the many efforts by rural citizens, community groups, and municipalities to counter intolerance, build inclusive communities, and become better neighbours. Throughout, scholars and community leaders focus on building new understandings, language, and ways of thinking about diversity and inclusion that will resonate with rural people. Scholars of rural studies will find this book useful as will rural community leaders and community organizers. Contributors: Clark Banack, Ray Bollman, Claudine Bonner, Corina Borri-Anadon, Jen Budney, Michael Corbett, Roger Epp, Murray Fulton, Stacey Haugen, Phil Henderson, Sivane Hirsch, Michelle Lam, Coleen Lynch, Aasa Marshall, Darcy Overland, Trista Pewapisconias, Dionne Pohler, Samuel Reimer, Jennifer Tinkham, Kyle White

Renforcer les compétences au Cameroun

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464807655
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Renforcer les compétences au Cameroun by : Shobhana Sosale

Download or read book Renforcer les compétences au Cameroun written by Shobhana Sosale and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cameroon has strong goals for its growth and development. By 2035, it aims to be an emerging economy. The country s medium-term goals are focused on alleviating poverty, consolidating democracy, and achieving national unity while respecting diversity. This report contributes substantively to the Government s vision on Strategy for Growth and Employment, putting human development and employment at center stage. Cameroon faces three main challenges: Developing more robust formal and informal employment opportunities by strengthening human development. Increasing productivity in agriculture, mining, and key value chains (timber, tourism, and information and communication technology). Advancing growth by investing in infrastructure and improving the business climate and regional integration. The Strategy sets a target for reducing underemployment from 76 percent of the workforce to 50 by 2020 by creating tens of thousands of formal jobs. But based on results from the first two years of its implementation, the strategy is far from achieving that target. This report is meant to support Cameroon s efforts to build the skills of its workers. This report reaches conclusions and offers policy recommendations to answer six questions: What has been the trajectory of Cameroon s economic growth? Which sectors have contributed to growth? What jobs are being created? What types of skills are being used in the sectors where the highest percentages of the population are employed? What are the demand and supply barriers to skills? Which policies and institutions are in play? Are they sufficient? What needs to or could be reformed? Cameroon has good prospects for moving to middle-income status. It can create a more dynamic, responsive workforce. But a new strategy is required. It can be done.This report proposes new directions and provides recommendations. Outcomes are expected. Work has never been easy. But many have been working and Cameroon can work."

Activating Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in the Language Classroom

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303087124X
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Activating Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in the Language Classroom by : Enrica Piccardo

Download or read book Activating Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in the Language Classroom written by Enrica Piccardo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the reader to rethink and reimagine what diversity in language education means in transnational societies. Bringing together researchers and practitioners who contributed to the international LINguistic and Cultural DIversity REinvented (LINCDIRE) project, the book examines four pillars of innovation in language education: the Action-oriented approach, Plurilingualism, Indigenous epistemologies and Technology enhanced learning. The book critically discusses plurilingual pedagogical approaches that draw on learners' linguistic and cultural repertoires to encourage and support the dynamic use of languages in curricular innovation. It is a fundamental resource for language teachers, curriculum designers and educational researchers interested in understanding current thinking on the relevance and benefit of a plurilingual paradigm shift for language education in today's societies. More specifically, this book: Examines the development of plurilingualism and the potential of real-life oriented teaching and learning. Explores the concept of plurilingual and pluricultural competence. Focuses on collaboration and reflection from a humanistic tradition. Explores educational technology and explains the limitations and challenges of adopting ready-made tools. Highlights the iterative, design-based research process that informed the development of LINCDIRE’s pedagogical framework and action-oriented scenarios. Introduces practical examples of action-oriented tasks and scenarios, and illustrates the online tool (LITE) in terms of its current functionalities and design. Describes the implementation challenges and opportunities of plurilingual action-oriented tasks and discusses the results of implementation. Finally, the book examines future pedagogical innovation and research directions in order to help readers reflect on the implications of achieving sustainable change in language education. This exciting collection addresses an important question in language education: How can plurilingualism and cultural diversity be harnessed to promote sustainable innovation in language learning and teaching? Readers will find contributions from the diverse authors timely, compelling, and engaging. — Dr. Bonny Norton, FRSC, University Killam Professor, UBC Dept. of Language & Literacy Education, Canada Embracing a design-based research framework, this book offers learners and teachers powerful validation and a rich, relatable and inspiring action-oriented approach to holistic, dynamic, mediated, embodied, true-to-life, plurilingual language teaching and learning. — Dr. Elka Todeva, Professor of Applied Linguistics, MATESOL Program / Advanced Seminar in Plurilingual Pedagogy, SIT Graduate Institute, Washington, D.C. Anyone seeking innovation in Language Education will find in this volume a treasure trove of theoretical, empirical and methodological insights to answer the questions that arose among the 25 co-authors’ discussions to rethink language use, language learning, and language teaching. — Dr. Mercedes Bernaus, Emeritus Professor, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain This thought-provoking and timely book argues convincingly for the need to reconceptualize innovation in language education in an increasingly diverse world. —Dr. Regine Hampel, Associate Dean (Research Excellence), Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, UK

Assessment of Educational Practices

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Author :
Publisher : Cari Journals USA LLC
ISBN 13 : 9914746241
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Educational Practices by : Arop Deng Kuol Arop, Comfort Bobi, Denise Bergeron, Kilwake Everlyne, Asaad MA.Babker, Joana Akweley Zanu (PhD)

Download or read book Assessment of Educational Practices written by Arop Deng Kuol Arop, Comfort Bobi, Denise Bergeron, Kilwake Everlyne, Asaad MA.Babker, Joana Akweley Zanu (PhD) and published by Cari Journals USA LLC. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TOPICS IN THE BOOK Public Basic Schools in Southern Sudan and the Sultanate of Oman (Comparative Study) Using Differentiated Instruction to Promote Creativity, Critical Thinking and Learning: Perspective of Teachers Les compétences génériques recherchées chez les chefs d’établissement d’enseignement à l’ère de la direction au service des apprentissages des élèves Principals’ Teacher Management Strategies and Learners’Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Kilifi Sub-County, Kenya Explore the Role of Different Cognitive Functions in Education The Performance of the Textiles and Apparel Sector and the Challenge of Environmental Sustainability in Ghana: A Qualitative Study

Les systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818622
Total Pages : 727 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Les systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale by : Kathy Lindert

Download or read book Les systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale written by Kathy Lindert and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le Manuel de référence sur les systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale synthétise les expériences et les leçons apprises des systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale à travers le monde. Il adopte un concept de la protection sociale large, qui couvre différentes populations telles que les familles pauvres ou à faible revenu, les chômeurs, les personnes handicapées et les personnes confrontées à des risques sociaux. Il analyse différents types d’interventions des gouvernements pour la protection des individus, des familles ou des ménages, au travers de programmes spécifiques allant de programmes ciblant la pauvreté, aux prestations et services en faveur de l’emploi, et aux prestations et services au bénéfice des personnes handicapées et d’autres services sociaux. Ce Manuel de référence cherche à répondre à différentes questions pratiques soulevées au cours de la mise en œuvre, en particulier : • Comment les pays mettent-ils en œuvre les prestations et services de protection sociale ? • Comment le font-ils avec l’efficacité et l’efficience voulues ? • Comment assurent-ils une inclusion dynamique, en particulier celle des personnes les plus vulnérables et les plus défavorisées ? • Comment favorisent-ils une meilleure coordination et intégration non seulement entre les différents programmes de protection sociale mais aussi avec les programmes mis en œuvre par d’autres acteurs gouvernementaux ? • Comment peuvent-ils répondre aux besoins des populations ciblées et assurer une meilleure expérience client ? Le cadre de mise en œuvre des systèmes de protection sociale précise les principaux éléments de cet environnement opérationnel. Il se décline en différentes phases qui s’échelonnent tout au long de la chaîne de mise en oeuvre. Ces phases sont les lieux d’interactions entre différents acteurs, parmi lesquels des personnes et des institutions. La communication, les systèmes d’information et la technologie facilitent ces interactions. Ce cadre peut s’appliquer à la mise en œuvre d’un ou plusieurs programmes ainsi qu’à la mise en place d’une protection sociale adaptative. Le Manuel de référence des systèmes de mise en œuvre de la protection sociale s’articule autour de huit principes clés qui constituent le code de conduite de la mise en œuvre : 1. Les systèmes de mise en œuvre ne suivent pas un modèle unique, mais tous les modèles partagent des points communs qui forment le coeur du cadre de mise en œuvre des systèmes de protection sociale. 2. La qualité de la mise en œuvre a une grande importance et la faiblesse de l’un des éléments constitutifs de la chaîne de mise en œuvre affectera négativement l’ensemble de celle-ci et réduira les impacts du ou des programmes qui lui sont associés. 3. Les systèmes de mise en œuvre évoluent dans le temps, de manière non linéaire et leur point de départ est important. 4. Dès le début de la mise en œuvre, des efforts devront être déployés pour « garder les choses simples » et pour « bien faire les choses simples ». 5. Le premier segment de la chaîne, à savoir l’interface entre les futurs bénéficiaires et l’administration, est souvent son maillon le plus faible. Son amélioration peut nécessiter des changements systémiques, mais ceux-ci contribueront considérablement à l’efficacité globale et atténueront les risques d’échec de cette interface. 6. Les programmes de protection sociale ne fonctionnent pas dans le vide et, par conséquent, leur système de mise en œuvre ne doit pas être développé en vase clos. Des opportunités de synergies entre institutions et systèmes d’information existent et les saisir peut améliorer les résultats des programmes. 7. Au-delà de la protection sociale, ces systèmes de mise en œuvre peuvent aussi améliorer la capacité des gouvernements à fournir d’autres prestations ou services, comme les subventions à l’assurance maladie, les bourses d’études, les tarifs sociaux de l’énergie, les allocations logement et l’accès aux services juridiques. 8. L’inclusion et la coordination sont des défis omniprésents et permanents. Pour les relever, il faut donc améliorer de façon continue les systèmes de mise en œuvre à travers une approche dynamique, intégrée et centrée sur la personne.