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Kinetics And Mechanism Of Desulfurization And Denitrogenation Of Coal Derived Liquids Second Quarterly Report September 20 1975 December 20 1975 Aged Coo Moo3 Sio2 Al2o3 Catalyst Pellets Used In Single Stage Liquefaction And Hydrosulfurization Of Coal
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Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Second Quarterly Report, September 20, 1975--December 20, 1975. [Aged CoO-MoO3-SiO2-Al2O3 Catalyst Pellets Used in Single-stage Liquefaction and Hydrosulfurization of Coal]. by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Second Quarterly Report, September 20, 1975--December 20, 1975. [Aged CoO-MoO3-SiO2-Al2O3 Catalyst Pellets Used in Single-stage Liquefaction and Hydrosulfurization of Coal]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of the first high-pressure liquid-phase flow microreactor has been completed, and kinetic studies of reaction of dibenzothiophene have been started. Understanding of catalytic hydrodesulfurization and catalyst decay has been advanced by examination of the reaction rate of thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene, and butanethiol on Harshaw 0402T catalyst. Two batch autoclave reactors have been completely assembled behind appropriate safety barricades; satisfactory operation has been demonstrated; and quinoline hydrodenitrogenation studies are underway to demonstrate operating procedures providing quantitative, reproducible data. Quinoline rapidly hydrogenates to tetrahydroquinoline; the two compounds appear to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. The tetrahydroquinoline apparently undergoes slow hydrogenolysis of the nitrogen-containing ring giving n-propylaniline as an identified long-lived product. The reaction engineering of the pulsed microreactor system has been developed and compared to some laboratory data. The moments of the inlet and exit pulses show substantial effects from product adsorption.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Fourteenth Quarterly Report, September 21, 1978-December 20, 1978 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Fourteenth Quarterly Report, September 21, 1978-December 20, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative measurement of the reactivities of methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes, under high pressure reaction conditions (102 atm, 300°C) representative of industrial practice, has been accomplished. The catalyst was sulfided commercial Co-Mo/.gamma.-Al2O3. Methyl groups in the 2 and 8 or 3 and 7 positions show little effect. Methyl groups in the 4 position, however, reduced the reactivity by an order of magnitude and methyl groups in the 4 and 6 positions reduced it somewhat more. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was found to be self-inhibiting and results with the methyl-substituted compounds implies that there is competitive adsorption of DBT and the methyl-substituted DBT. The reaction network involving benzonaphthothiophene and hydrogen has been determined. As before, the catalyst was typical commercial cobalt molybdate (sulfided CoO-MoO3/.gamma.-Al2O3). The reaction conditions were 68 atm and 300°C. The important result was that in contrast to dibenzothiophene, benzonaphthothiophene experiences extensive hydrogenation accompanying hydrodesulfurization, even with Co-Mo/.gamma.-Al2O3, the most selective of the available hydrodesulfurization catalysts. The sulfur-containing compounds having 3 rings or fewer experience nearly stoichiometric hydrodesulfurization (hydrogenolysis without hydrogenation), whereas the sulfur-containing compounds having 4 rings or more experience hydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization at roughly equal rates, giving products which experience further hydrogenation (and/or hydrodesulfurization - as the compound allows), again at roughly the same rates.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Tenth Quarterly Report, September 21-December 20, 1977 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Tenth Quarterly Report, September 21-December 20, 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three high-pressure flow microreactors and two batch autoclave reactors have been used to study the reaction networks and kinetics of: (1) catalytic hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes; and (2) catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline, methyl-substituted quinolines, acridine and carbazole. The catalysts were commercial, sulfided CoO-MoO3/.gamma.-Al2O3, NiO-MoO3/.gamma.-Al2O3, and NiO-WO3/.gamma.-Al2O3. At the typical conditions of 300°C and 104 atm, dibenzothiophene reacts to give H2S and biphenyl in high yield, but there is some hydrogenation preceding desulfurization. Methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes react similarly, and each reaction is first-order in the sulfur-containing compound. Two methyl groups near the sulfur atom (in the 4 and 6 positions) reduce the reactivity tenfold, whereas methyl groups in positions further removed from the sulfur atom increase reactivity about twofold. The results are consistent with steric and inductive effects influencing adsorption. The data indicate competitive adsorption among the sulfur-containing compounds. In quinoline hydrodenitrogenation, both rings are saturated before the C-N bond is broken. Similarly, in acridine conversion a large amount of hydrogenation precedes nitrogen removal. Breaking of the carbon-nitrogen bond is evidently one of the slower reactions in the network. The Ni-Mo catalyst is about twice as active as the Co-Mo catalyst for ring hydrogenation, and the two catalysts are about equally active for breaking the carbon-nitrogen bond. Reactivity of carbazole is slightly lower than that of quinoline but higher than that of acridine.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids by : Bruce C. Gates
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids written by Bruce C. Gates and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The refining of coal-derived liquids and, especially, the removal of harmful sulfur and nitrogen is of great scientific and practical importance. The research planned under this contract has been completed: detailed results have been provided in the fourteen quarterly reports previously issued. Brief statements concerning the status of the following tasks are presented; microreactor development; catalytic hydrodesulfurization; hydrogenation, hydrodenitrogenation reactions; reaction engineering; and characterization of aged hydroprocessing catalysts.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Eighth Quarterly Report, March 21--June 20, 1977 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Eighth Quarterly Report, March 21--June 20, 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three high-pressure flow microreactors and two batch autoclave reactors have been used to study the reaction networks and kinetics of (1) catalytic hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes and (2) catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline, methyl-substituted quinolines, and carbazole. At the typical conditions of 300°C and 104 atm, dibenzothiophene reacts to give H2S and biphenyl in high yield, but there is some hydrogenation preceding desulfurization. Methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes react similarly, and each reaction is first-order in the sulfur-containing compound. Two methyl groups near the sulfur atom (in the 4 and 6 positions) reduce the reactivity tenfold, whereas methyl groups in positions further removed from the sulfur atom increase reactivity about twofold. The results are consistent with steric and inductive effects influencing adsorption. The data indicate competitive adsorption among the sulfur-containing compounds. In quinoline hydrodenitrogenation, both rings are saturated before the C-N bond is broken. Similarly, in acridine conversion, a large amount of hydrogenation precedes nitrogen removal. Breaking of the carbon-nitrogen bond is evidently one of the slower reactions in the network. The Ni-Mo catalyst is about twice as active as the Co-Mo catalyst for ring hydrogenation, and the two catalysts are about equally active for breaking the carbon-nitrogen bond. Reactivity of carbazole is similar to that of quinoline and lower than that of acridine. Again, extensive hydrogenation precedes heteratom removal.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Thirteenth Quarterly Report, June 21-September 20, 1978 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Thirteenth Quarterly Report, June 21-September 20, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of competing hydroprocessing reactions catalyzed by Ni-Mo/.gamma.-Al2O3 and involving quinoline, indole, dibenzothiophene, and naphthalene in n-hexadecane show that marked interactions exist. The naphthalene hydrogenation rate is markedly reduced by the presence of quinoline; whereas the reactivity of quinoline is virtually unchanged by the presence of naphthalene. Similarly the rate of hydrodenitrogenation of indole, a non-basic nitrogen-containing compounds is strongly reduced by the presence of quinoline, whereas the rate of hydro-denitrogenation of quinoline, a basic nitrogen-containing compound, is unaffected by the presence of indole. The hydrogenation reactions in the dibenzothiophene reaction network are inhibited severely as indicated by the reduction in their pseudo first-order-rate constants as are the hydrogenation reactions for naphthalene. Thus the hydrogenation rate is reduced 30-fold by increasing the initial quinoline concentration from 0.0 to 0.5 wt % in naphthalene hydrogenation and in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurzation. The rate of direct sulfur removal is reduced by only 3-fold by increasing the quinoline concentration from 0.0 to 0.5 wt %. These results clearly show that the rate expressions for the hydrotreating reactions are of the form given in the text.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids by : University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids written by University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Twelfth Quarterly Report, March 21-June 20, 1978 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Twelfth Quarterly Report, March 21-June 20, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the data reported previously have been reevaluated to determine the quantitative reaction network for dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization at about 100 atm and 300°C. This network shows the high selectivity of the catalyst for simple hydrodesulfurization (biphenyl + H2S formation). When methyl groups are present in the 4 and 6 positions of dibenzothiophene, the primary hydrogenation reaction is approximately as fast as the primary hydrodesulfurization reaction. Ni and Mo or Ni and W used instead of Co and Mo in the catalyst, or H2S in the reactant mixture, also favor hydrogenation relative to hydrodesulfurization. Previous results have been evaluated in light of the recent literature to provide a new interpretation of the reaction mechanism of catalytic hydrodesulfurization on surfaces of sulfided Co-Mo/Al20sub 3/. It has often been assumed that catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene and related compounds proceeds via a one-point end-on adsorption involving bonding of the sulfur atom with Mo ions at an anion vacancy on the catalyst surface. This interpretation is inadequate, failing to account for deuterium-exchange results, the reactivities of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, and the small steric effects of methyl substituents affecting the adsorption and reaction of compounds in the thiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene families of homologs. An alternative mechanism, presented, here, involves a multipoint adsorption of the reactant, with a C=C bond interacting with the Mo cation and the S atom of the reactant interacting with a S ion on the surface. The new mechanism accounts for the observed deuterium exchange and hydrodesulfurization reactions and is consistent with the observed steric effects.
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derved Liquids by : University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derved Liquids written by University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Dentirogenation of Coal-derived Liquids by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Dentirogenation of Coal-derived Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derved Liquids by : University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Coal-derved Liquids written by University of Delaware. Department of Chemical Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petroleum Science and Technology by : Chang Samuel Hsu
Download or read book Petroleum Science and Technology written by Chang Samuel Hsu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at students and professionals, this book covers every major aspect of petroleum: the origin of fossil hydrocarbons and their chemical/physical properties; discovering hydrocarbon reserves; recovering oil, gas, and bitumen; purifying gas; the chemical and physical characterization of crude oil; refining crudes into fuels and lubricants; and converting simple chemicals into solvents, polymers, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and myriad other products, including pharmaceuticals. Readers will learn how the industry operates, from "upstream" exploration and production, "midstream" transportation to "downstream" refining, and manufacturing of finished products. The book also contains unique chapters on midstream operations, learnings from major accidents, and safety/environmental laws and regulations. It builds on the authors' previous books and teaching material from a highly rated course that is taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism of Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Components of Coal-derived Liquids. Twentieth Quarterly Report, February 16, 1984-May 15, 1984 by :
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Components of Coal-derived Liquids. Twentieth Quarterly Report, February 16, 1984-May 15, 1984 written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetics data have been determined for the catalytic hydroprocessing of the acidic fractions of a heavy distillate of a liquid derived from Powhatan No. 5 coal. A commercial, sulfided Ni-Mo/.gamma.-Al2O3 catalyst was used in the experiments, carried out at 350°C and 120 atm with the coal liquid fractions dissolved in cyclohexane. The feed and hydrotreated products were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed with group-type methods for compound classes, and results were also obtained for some individual organooxygen compounds. Catalytic hydroprocessing leads to a large increase in the number of compounds and a shift to lower boiling ranges. The data are broadly consistent with reaction networks determined with pure compounds; the most important reactions include aromatic ring hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrodemethylation. Pseudo first-order rate constants for conversion of the predominant organooxygen compounds are on the order of 10−4 L/(g of catalyst.s); the reactivity decreases in the order cyclohexylphenol> dimethylhydroxyindane> tetrahydronaphthol> phenylphenol> 1-naphthol. 12 references, 15 figures, 5 tables.
Book Synopsis Graphite and Precursors by : Pierre Delhaes
Download or read book Graphite and Precursors written by Pierre Delhaes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans first used carbon as chars from firewood in ritual paintings and primitive metallurgical processes. Natural forms of carbon have been known since antiquity, yet the knowledge of the carbon element in chemistry and its technical applications on a larger scale are a relatively recent development. The industrial revolution in Europe two centuries ago led the way to the numerous applications of these graphitic forms that are still used today. Graphite and Precursors features short tutorial articles on different topics related to the science and technology of carbons intended for engineers, students of Materials Science and scientists who are seeking a fundamental understanding without "reinventing the wheel." This first volume of the World of Carbon book series focuses on graphite and its precursors, including its origin and various implications. The basic properties of hexagonal graphite are developed, and several theoretical and experimental approaches explain why this crystalline solid is fascinating in solid state physics. Also featured are the numerous applications connected to thermal, mechanical and chemical graphites, as well as their various industrial uses in polycrystalline form. Finally, carbon precursors are introduced.
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