Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Decision Making and Juvenile Justice

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 031301096X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision Making and Juvenile Justice by : Paul E. Tracy

Download or read book Decision Making and Juvenile Justice written by Paul E. Tracy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-03-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a comprehensive study of three counties in Texas, this work examines the idea of differential handling of minority youth offenders. Traditional wisdom indicates that minorities are over-represented in the juvenile justice system due to racism and discrimination within the system itself. The author refutes this logic by challenging current studies and examining the results of the Texas study. The findings suggest that minorities are represented in the juvenile justice system in greater numbers than their majority offender counterparts due to their greater involvement in criminal activity, not to any differential treatment they may receive at crucial decision points within the system. Allegations of racial bias against the juvenile justice system are often supported by the federal government, which suggests that minorities continue to be targeted more frequently for arrest, prosecution, conviction, and imprisonment merely because they are persons of color. Drawing on new research, the author addresses racial disparity in the juvenile justice system and contends that previous research suffers methodological and statistical analysis problems, resulting in the mischaracterization of the issue of racial bias. The present study argues that most minority juveniles receive different case outcomes because of the severity of their current offense, and both the length and severity of their prior delinquency careers. Tracy's research ultimately indicates that rather than being discriminatory, the juvenile system is, instead, reacting to a particular type of delinquent using legally permissible guidelines.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System by : Carl E. Pope

Download or read book Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System written by Carl E. Pope and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781636350684
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System by : Alison Burke

Download or read book SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System written by Alison Burke and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Juvenile Justice

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317534581
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice by : John T. Whitehead

Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by John T. Whitehead and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile Justice: An Introduction, 8th edition, presents a comprehensive picture of juvenile offending, delinquency theories, and how juvenile justice actors and agencies react to delinquency. It covers the history and development of the juvenile justice system and the unique issues related to juveniles, offering evidence-based suggestions for successful interventions and treatment and examining the new balance model of juvenile court. This new edition not only includes the latest available statistics on juvenile crime and victimization, drug use, court processing, and corrections, but provides insightful analysis of recent developments, such as those related to the use of probation supervision fees; responses to gangs and cyber bullying; implementing the deterrence model (Project Hope); the possible impact of drug legalization; the school-to-prison pipeline; the extent of victimization and mental illness in institutions; and implications of major court decisions regarding juveniles, such as Life Without Parole (LWOP) for juveniles. Each chapter enhances student understanding with Key Terms, a "What You Need to Know" section highlighting important points, and Discussion Questions. Links at key points in the text show students where they can go to get the latest information, and a comprehensive glossary aids comprehension.

A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System by : Charles P. Smith

Download or read book A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System written by Charles P. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Our Children, Their Children

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226319911
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Our Children, Their Children by : Darnell F. Hawkins

Download or read book Our Children, Their Children written by Darnell F. Hawkins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Our Children, Their Children, a prominent team of researchers argues that a second-rate and increasingly punitive juvenile justice system is allowed to persist because most people believe it is designed for children in other ethnic and socioeconomic groups. While public opinion, laws, and social policies that convey distinctions between "our children" and "their children" may seem to conflict with the American ideal of blind justice, they are hardly at odds with patterns of group differentiation and inequality that have characterized much of American history. Our Children, Their Children provides a state-of-the-science examination of racial and ethnic disparities in the American juvenile justice system. Here, contributors document the precise magnitude of these disparities, seek to determine their causes, and propose potential solutions. In addition to race and ethnicity, contributors also look at the effects on juvenile justice of suburban sprawl, the impact of family and neighborhood, bias in postarrest decisions, and mental health issues. Assessing the implications of these differences for public policy initiatives and legal reforms, this volume is the first critical summary of what is known and unknown in this important area of social research.

The Contexts of Juvenile Justice Decision Making

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 0791457680
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis The Contexts of Juvenile Justice Decision Making by : Michael J. Leiber

Download or read book The Contexts of Juvenile Justice Decision Making written by Michael J. Leiber and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the contexts of judges' decision making in juvenile courts that incarcerate disproportionately more minorities than whites. An in-depth examination of the contextual nature of decision making and the causes of disproportionate minority confinement in four relatively homogenous juvenile courts in Iowa, this book explores the subjective social psychological processes of juvenile court officers and the factors that influence those processes. Iowa, although a state with a predominantly white population, has one of the highest minority incarceration rates for juveniles. Michael J. Leiber focuses on the relationships between adherence to correctional orientations (such as retribution and rehabilitation) and decision-makers' views concerning race, crime, family, and respect for authority with judgments and differential outcomes for youth. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to determine the extent to which correctional ideologies and decision-makers' stereotyping of minorities are fueled by a wide range of contingencies, the impact of case processing and outcomes of whites, African Americans, and Native Americans, and how it varies by jurisdiction. “ a must not only for researchers but also for policy makers and practitioners ” — Criminal Justice Review "This is a highly readable book that covers a topic of major importance in present-day society. As Leiber notes, the role of decision-makers' attitudes is an important, yet largely ignored variable and the qualitative portion of his study are an important contribution to the literature." — Randall G. Shelden, University of Nevada at Las Vegas

Juvenile Justice

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Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452210675
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice by : Richard Lawrence

Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by Richard Lawrence and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief yet thorough introduction with an emphasis on real-world issues Briefer and less expensive than traditional core textbooks, Juvenile Justice: The Essentials provides a current, thought-provoking introduction to juvenile justice, juvenile delinquency, the challenges of reducing juvenile crime, and of providing equal and fair justice for all juvenile offenders. Offering a comprehensive yet concise overview of the field's most important concepts and issues, authors Richard Lawrence and Mario Hesse include cutting-edge research; practical examples of juvenile justice in action; and up-to-date coverage of laws, policies, and programs in juvenile justice. Engaging pedagogical features illustrate true-to-life cases, policies, and practices that capture student interest by vividly responding to the "So what?" question of how delinquency theories apply in the real world. Key Features A unique chapter on restorative justice covers restorative practices with juvenile offenders. "Case in Point" boxes with accompanying questions include scenarios or vignettes of juvenile justice cases to encourage students to think about and discuss major issues; photos illustrate key points in the chapters. "Policy and Practice" boxes explore the real-life implications of juvenile justice policy and address student interest in the "What works?" questions about juvenile justice. Chapter Highlights begin each chapter, providing a preview of forthcoming topics. Bulleted Summaries, Key Terms, and Discussion Questions at the end of each chapter help students master key concepts and engage in critical thought and discussion of important findings, justice policies and practices.

Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781611635348
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System by : Tina L. Freiburger

Download or read book Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System written by Tina L. Freiburger and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System provides a comprehensive empirical examination of the role of race and ethnicity in the juvenile court. Using empirical research as a foundation, the authors examine how race and ethnicity influence multiple decision points for youth entering the juvenile system including arrest, referral, petition, pre-adjudication release, adjudication, and disposition. The authors ground the decision-making in a separate chapter that exclusively focuses on theories that can be used to explain the role of race and ethnicity in juvenile justice processing. Additionally, there is an examination of how community factors differentially impact decision-making based on the race/ethnicity of youth, the role of race/ethnicity in the practice of transferring youth to adult court, and how race influences juveniles' perceptions of police and the juvenile system. Also, the authors empirically examine the role of race/ethnicity on the processing of status offenders and how it influences female involvement in delinquency. In framing all of these salient issues in the proper context, the authors provide a historical analysis on the role of race in development of the juvenile court system and how different races were treated both before and after the juvenile court's implementation. The underlying theme of the text is that all races/ethnicities of youth were not initially served by or meant to benefit from the juvenile court. Therefore, the continuing racial and ethnic disparities currently observed in the system can be traced to the pre-juvenile court era.

Juvenile court administration

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile court administration by :

Download or read book Juvenile court administration written by and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

(In)justice for Juveniles

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Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780669149630
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (496 download)

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Book Synopsis (In)justice for Juveniles by : Ira M. Schwartz

Download or read book (In)justice for Juveniles written by Ira M. Schwartz and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 1989 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this highly charged, insightful investigation, Ira Schwartz takes us through a fascinating inquiry into the entire juvenile justice system in the United States. Tracing the past twenty years of attempted reforms through current trends, he measures the impact of various administrative, legal, and fiscal reform efforts and illustrtes how the contemporary juvenile justice system is still in shambles for the majority of our youth.

A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System: Results of a survey

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System: Results of a survey by : Charles P. Smith

Download or read book A National Assessment of Case Disposition and Classification in the Juvenile Justice System: Results of a survey written by Charles P. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System by : Carl E. Pope

Download or read book Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System written by Carl E. Pope and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Juvenile Justice Case Processing

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Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1462821103
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (628 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice Case Processing by : Donald G. Campbell

Download or read book Juvenile Justice Case Processing written by Donald G. Campbell and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2007-08-15 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study examines the impact of gender and ethnicity on two-decision stages- adjudication, and disposition- of juvenile justice court case processing in Broward County, Florida during 2002 to 2003 from a sample of the total population of 30,696 juvenile’s referral to the juvenile justice system. The results of the study are as follows: a larger proportion of Blacks at the adjudication stage was found guilty (71%) than Whites (58%), Hispanics (62%), or Other (56%). A larger proportion of males were found guilty than female (31%). The results at the disposition stage are as follows: A small proportion of Blacks received intermediate sanctions (85%) than Whites (89%), Hispanics (86%), or Other (98%). A small proportion of males (84%) received intermediate sanctions than females (95%)."

The Juvenile Justice Process

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis The Juvenile Justice Process by : Frank William Miller

Download or read book The Juvenile Justice Process written by Frank William Miller and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: