Reforming Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134017715
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice by : Gordon Bazemore

Download or read book Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice written by Gordon Bazemore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of the restorative justice conferencing programs currently in operation in the United States, paying particular attention to the qualitative dimensions of this, based on interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation.

Juvenile Correctional Reform in Massachusetts

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Correctional Reform in Massachusetts by : Lloyd E. Ohlin

Download or read book Juvenile Correctional Reform in Massachusetts written by Lloyd E. Ohlin and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rethinking Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674043367
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Juvenile Justice by : Elizabeth S Scott

Download or read book Rethinking Juvenile Justice written by Elizabeth S Scott and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should we do with teenagers who commit crimes? In this book, two leading scholars in law and adolescent development argue that juvenile justice should be grounded in the best available psychological science, which shows that adolescence is a distinctive state of cognitive and emotional development. Although adolescents are not children, they are also not fully responsible adults.

A New Juvenile Justice System

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Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479898805
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Juvenile Justice System by : Nancy E. Dowd

Download or read book A New Juvenile Justice System written by Nancy E. Dowd and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Juvenile Justice System aims at nothing less than a complete reform of the existing system: not minor change or even significant overhaul, but the replacement of the existing system with a different vision. The authors in this volume—academics, activists, researchers, and those who serve in the existing system—all respond in this collection to the question of what the system should be. Uniformly, they agree that an ideal system should be centered around the principle of child well-being and the goal of helping kids to achieve productive lives as citizens and members of their communities. Rather than the existing system, with its punitive, destructive, undermining effect and uneven application by race and gender, these authors envision a system responsive to the needs of youth as well as to the community’s legitimate need for public safety. How, they ask, can the ideals of equality, freedom, liberty, and self-determination transform the system? How can we improve the odds that children who have been labeled as “delinquent” can make successful transitions to adulthood? And how can we create a system that relies on proven, family-focused interventions and creates opportunities for positive youth development? Drawing upon interdisciplinary work as well as on-the-ground programs and experience, the authors sketch out the broad parameters of such a system. Providing the principles, goals, and concrete means to achieve them, this volume imagines using our resources wisely and well to invest in all children and their potential to contribute and thrive in our society.

The Evolution of the Juvenile Court

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 147987129X
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Juvenile Court by : Barry C. Feld

Download or read book The Evolution of the Juvenile Court written by Barry C. Feld and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences A major statement on the juvenile justice system by one of America’s leading experts The juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.” Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies. Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.

Recalibrating Juvenile Detention

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042967600X
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Recalibrating Juvenile Detention by : David W. Roush

Download or read book Recalibrating Juvenile Detention written by David W. Roush and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recalibrating Juvenile Detention chronicles the lessons learned from the 2007 to 2015 landmark US District Court-ordered reform of the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center (JTDC) in Illinois, following years of litigation by the ACLU about egregious and unconstitutional conditions of confinement. In addition to explaining the implications of the Court’s actions, the book includes an analysis of a major evaluation research report by the University of Chicago Crime Lab and explains for scholars, practitioners, administrators, policymakers, and advocates how and why this particular reform of conditions achieved successful outcomes when others failed. Maintaining that the Chicago Crime Lab findings are the "gold standard" evidence-based research (EBR) in pretrial detention, Roush holds that the observed "firsts" for juvenile detention may perhaps have the power to transform all custody practices. He shows that the findings validate a new model of institutional reform based on cognitive-behavioral programming (CBT), reveal statistically significant reductions in in-custody violence and recidivism, and demonstrate that at least one variation of short-term secure custody can influence positively certain life outcomes for Chicago’s highest-risk and most disadvantaged youth. With the Quarterly Journal of Economics imprimatur and endorsement by the President’s Council of Economic Advisors, the book is a reverse engineering of these once-in-a-lifetime events (recidivism reduction and EBR in pretrial detention) that explains the important and transformative implications for the future of juvenile justice practice. The book is essential reading for graduate students in juvenile justice, criminology, and corrections, as well as practitioners, judges, and policymakers.

After the Doors Were Locked

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442246723
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Doors Were Locked by : Daniel E. Macallair

Download or read book After the Doors Were Locked written by Daniel E. Macallair and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California youth corrections system is undergoing the most sweeping transformation in its 154-year history. The extraordinary nature of this change is revealed by the striking decline in the state’s youth incarceration rate. In 1996, with 10,000 youth confined in 11 state-run correctional facilities, California boasted the nation’s third highest youth incarceration rate. Now, with only 800 youth remaining in a system comprised of just three institutions, California has one of the nation’s lowest youth incarceration rate. How did such unprecedented changes occur and what were the crucial conditions that produced them? Daniel E. Macallair answers these questions through an examination of the California youth corrections system’s origins and evolution, and the patterns and practices that ultimately led to its demise. Beginning in the 19th century, California followed national juvenile justice trends by consigning abused, neglected, and delinquent youth to congregate care institutions known as reform schools. These institutions were characterized by their emphasis on regimentation, rigid structure, and harsh discipline. Behind the walls of these institutions, children and youth, who ranged in age from eight to 21, were subjected to unspeakable cruelties. Despite frequent public outcry, life in California reform schools changed little from the opening of the San Francisco Industrial School in 1859 to the dissolution of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in 2005. By embracing popular national trends at various times, California encapsulates much of the history of youth corrections in the United States. The California story is exceptional since the state often assumed a leadership role in adopting innovative policies intended to improve institutional treatment. The California juvenile justice system stands at the threshold of a new era as it transitions from a 19th century state-centered institutional model to a decentralized structure built around localized services delivered at the county level. After the Doors Were Locked is the first to chronicle the unique history of youth corrections and institutional care in California and analyze the origins of today’s reform efforts. This book offers valuable information and guidance to current and future generations of policy makers, administrators, judges, advocates, students and scholars.

Transforming Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780875806037
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Juvenile Justice by : Steven L. Schlossman

Download or read book Transforming Juvenile Justice written by Steven L. Schlossman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As juvenile justice dominates the headlines, the time has come to reexamine the history of this controversial institution. In Transforming Juvenile Justice, Steven L. Schlossman traces the evolution of the idea that young lawbreakers, or potential lawbreakers, merit special treatment. He closely examines the Milwaukee Juvenile Court and the Wisconsin State Reform School to reveal how Progressive theory--the belief that rehabilitation and careful oversight should replace punishment of delinquent youth--played out in practice. Since its original publication in 1977, Schlossman's history of the juvenile justice system contributed to the debate on the delinquency problem and remains a landmark study today. In an engaging new introduction for this fresh edition of his classic, Schlossman reveals his sources of inspiration and relates his discovery of the rare records that offered an exclusive glimpse into the Milwaukee court's day-to-day operations. His account of the changing definitions of delinquency and reformers' attempts to remedy it offers insights on dilemmas that continue to plague American society.

Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309303477
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform by : National Research Council

Download or read book Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform written by National Research Council and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The report identifies seven hallmarks of a developmental approach to juvenile justice to guide system reform: accountability without criminalization, alternatives to justice system involvement, individualized response based on needs and risks, confinement only when necessary for public safety, genuine commitment to fairness, sensitivity to disparate treatment, and family engagement. Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform outlines how these hallmarks should be incorporated into policies and practices within OJJDP, as well as in actions extended to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions to achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system through a developmentally informed approach."--Publisher's description.

Juvenile Correctional Reform

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Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438412436
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Correctional Reform by : Edmund F. McGarrell

Download or read book Juvenile Correctional Reform written by Edmund F. McGarrell and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1988-07-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the divergent reform agendas that have shaped American juvenile justice systems during the last two decades. Testing and extending the theory of social reform developed by Ohlin, et al. in their study of Massachusetts' juvenile justice reform, McGarrell investigates the process of change in New York State's juvenile corrections system because this state was a forerunner of both liberal and conservative national reform trends. He asks: "What juvenile justice policies have changed? Who has changed them, and why? What has been the effect on juvenile corrections, and ultimately, on youth?" Juvenile Correctional Reform suggests that many factors—as broad as cultural shifts in prevailing political ideology, and as narrow as the individual initiative of an agency head—have shaped policy and procedure at specific times. It also provides an important case study of an organization in relation to its environment during a period of unprecedented and often contradictory demands for change in juvenile corrections.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278910
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Recriminalizing Delinquency

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521629201
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Recriminalizing Delinquency by : Simon I. Singer

Download or read book Recriminalizing Delinquency written by Simon I. Singer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recriminalizing Delinquency examines attempts to transfer jurisdiction over juveniles accused of violent crime to criminal court.

Juvenile Justice

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317534581
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice by : John T. Whitehead

Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by John T. Whitehead and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile Justice: An Introduction, 8th edition, presents a comprehensive picture of juvenile offending, delinquency theories, and how juvenile justice actors and agencies react to delinquency. It covers the history and development of the juvenile justice system and the unique issues related to juveniles, offering evidence-based suggestions for successful interventions and treatment and examining the new balance model of juvenile court. This new edition not only includes the latest available statistics on juvenile crime and victimization, drug use, court processing, and corrections, but provides insightful analysis of recent developments, such as those related to the use of probation supervision fees; responses to gangs and cyber bullying; implementing the deterrence model (Project Hope); the possible impact of drug legalization; the school-to-prison pipeline; the extent of victimization and mental illness in institutions; and implications of major court decisions regarding juveniles, such as Life Without Parole (LWOP) for juveniles. Each chapter enhances student understanding with Key Terms, a "What You Need to Know" section highlighting important points, and Discussion Questions. Links at key points in the text show students where they can go to get the latest information, and a comprehensive glossary aids comprehension.

Trapped in a Vice

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Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813570484
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Trapped in a Vice by : Alexandra Cox

Download or read book Trapped in a Vice written by Alexandra Cox and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trapped in a Vice explores the consequences of a juvenile justice system that is aimed at promoting change in the lives of young people, yet ultimately relies upon tools and strategies that enmesh them in a system that they struggle to move beyond. The system, rather than the crimes themselves, is the vice. Trapped in a Vice explores the lives of the young people and adults in the criminal justice system, revealing the ways that they struggle to manage the expectations of that system; these stories from the ground level of the justice system demonstrate the complex exchange of policy and practice.

Burning Down the House

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Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1595589562
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis Burning Down the House by : Nell Bernstein

Download or read book Burning Down the House written by Nell Bernstein and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When teenagers scuffle during a basketball game, they are typically benched. But when Will got into it on the court, he and his rival were sprayed in the face at close range by a chemical similar to Mace, denied a shower for twenty-four hours, and then locked in solitary confinement for a month. One in three American children will be arrested by the time they are twenty-three, and many will spend time locked inside horrific detention centers that defy everything we know about how to rehabilitate young offenders. In a clear-eyed indictment of the juvenile justice system run amok, award-winning journalist Nell Bernstein shows that there is no right way to lock up a child. The very act of isolation denies delinquent children the thing that is most essential to their growth and rehabilitation: positive relationships with caring adults. Bernstein introduces us to youth across the nation who have suffered violence and psychological torture at the hands of the state. She presents these youths all as fully realized people, not victims. As they describe in their own voices their fight to maintain their humanity and protect their individuality in environments that would deny both, these young people offer a hopeful alternative to the doomed effort to reform a system that should only be dismantled. Burning Down the House is a clarion call to shut down our nation’s brutal and counterproductive juvenile prisons and bring our children home.