Judicial Dictatorship

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Judicial Dictatorship

Author : William J. Quirk
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351510428
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Dictatorship by : William J. Quirk

Download or read book Judicial Dictatorship written by William J. Quirk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American society has undergone a revolution within a revolution. Until the 1960s, America was a liberal country in the traditional sense of legislative and executive checks and balances. Since then, the Supreme Court has taken on the role of the protector of individual rights against the will of the majority by creating, in a series of decisions, new rights for criminal defendants, atheists, homosexuals, illegal aliens, and others. Repeatedly, on a variety of cases, the Court has overturned the actions of local police or state laws under which local officials are acting. The result, according to Quirk and Birdwell, is freedom for the lawless and oppression for the law abiding. 'Judicial Dictatorship' challenges the status quo, arguing that in many respects the Supreme Court has assumed authority far beyond the original intent of the Founding Fathers. In order to avoid abuse of power, the three branches of the American government were designed to operate under a system of checks and balances. However, this balance has been upset. The Supreme Court has become the ultimate arbiter in the legal system through exercise of the doctrine of judicial review, which allows the court to invalidate any state or federal law it considers inconsistent with the constitution. Supporters of judicial review believe that there has to be a final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, and the Judiciary is the most suitable choice. Opponents, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln among them, believed that judicial review assumes the judicial branch is above the other branches, a result the Constitution did not intend. The democratic paradox is that the majority in America agreed to limit its own power. Jefferson believed that the will of the majority must always prevail. His faith in the common man led him to advocate a weak national government, one that derived its power from the people. Alexander Hamilton, often Jefferson's adversary, lacking such faith, feared "the amazing violence an

Judicial Dictatorship

Author : William J. Quirk
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351510436
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Dictatorship by : William J. Quirk

Download or read book Judicial Dictatorship written by William J. Quirk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American society has undergone a revolution within a revolution. Until the 1960s, America was a liberal country in the traditional sense of legislative and executive checks and balances. Since then, the Supreme Court has taken on the role of the protector of individual rights against the will of the majority by creating, in a series of decisions, new rights for criminal defendants, atheists, homosexuals, illegal aliens, and others. Repeatedly, on a variety of cases, the Court has overturned the actions of local police or state laws under which local officials are acting. The result, according to Quirk and Birdwell, is freedom for the lawless and oppression for the law abiding. 'Judicial Dictatorship' challenges the status quo, arguing that in many respects the Supreme Court has assumed authority far beyond the original intent of the Founding Fathers. In order to avoid abuse of power, the three branches of the American government were designed to operate under a system of checks and balances. However, this balance has been upset. The Supreme Court has become the ultimate arbiter in the legal system through exercise of the doctrine of judicial review, which allows the court to invalidate any state or federal law it considers inconsistent with the constitution. Supporters of judicial review believe that there has to be a final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, and the Judiciary is the most suitable choice. Opponents, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln among them, believed that judicial review assumes the judicial branch is above the other branches, a result the Constitution did not intend. The democratic paradox is that the majority in America agreed to limit its own power. Jefferson believed that the will of the majority must always prevail. His faith in the common man led him to advocate a weak national government, one that derived its power from the people. Alexander Hamilton, often Jefferson's adversary, lacking such faith, feared "the amazing violence and turbulence of the democratic spirit." This led him to believe in a strong national government, a social and economic aristocracy, and finally, judicial review. This conflict has yet to be resolved. 'Judicial Dictatorship' discusses the issue of who will decide if government has gone beyond its proper powers. That issue, in turn, depends on whether the Jeffersonian or Hamiltonian view of the nature of the person prevails. In challenging customary ideological alignments of conservative and liberal doctrine, 'Judicial Dictatorship' will be of interest to students and professionals in law, political scientists, and those interested in U.S. history.

The Specter of Dictatorship

Author : David M. Driesen
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503628620
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Specter of Dictatorship by : David M. Driesen

Download or read book The Specter of Dictatorship written by David M. Driesen and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals how the U.S. Supreme Court's presidentialism threatens our democracy and what to do about it. Donald Trump's presidency made many Americans wonder whether our system of checks and balances would prove robust enough to withstand an onslaught from a despotic chief executive. In The Specter of Dictatorship, David Driesen analyzes the chief executive's role in the democratic decline of Hungary, Poland, and Turkey and argues that an insufficiently constrained presidency is one of the most important systemic threats to democracy. Driesen urges the U.S. to learn from the mistakes of these failing democracies. Their experiences suggest, Driesen shows, that the Court must eschew its reliance on and expansion of the "unitary executive theory" recently endorsed by the Court and apply a less deferential approach to presidential authority, invoked to protect national security and combat emergencies, than it has in recent years. Ultimately, Driesen argues that concern about loss of democracy should play a major role in the Court's jurisprudence, because loss of democracy can prove irreversible. As autocracy spreads throughout the world, maintaining our democracy has become an urgent matter.

The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy

Author : Brad Epperly
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192583646
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy by : Brad Epperly

Download or read book The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy written by Brad Epperly and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that explaining judicial independence-considered the fundamental question of comparative law and politics-requires a perspective that spans the democracy/autocracy divide. Rather than seeking separate explanations in each regime context, in The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy, Brad Epperly argues that political competition is a salient factor in determining levels of de facto judicial independence across regime type, and in autocracies a factor of far greater import. This is because a full " account of independence requires looking not only at the likelihood those in power might lose elections but also the variable risks associated with such an outcome, risks that are far higher for autocrats. First demonstrating that courts can and do provide insurance to former leaders, he then shows via exhaustive cross-national analyses that competition's effects are far higher in autocratic regimes, providing the first evidence for the causal nature of the relationship. Epperly argues that these findings differ from existing case study research because in democratic regimes, a lack of political competition means incumbents target the de jure independence of courts. This argument is illustrated via in-depth case study of the Hungarian Constitutional Court after the country's 2010 " and then tested globally. Blending formal theory, observational and instrumental variables models, and elite interviews of leading Hungarian legal scholars and judges, Epperly offers a new framework for understanding judicial independence that integrates explanations of both de jure and de facto independence in both democratic and autocratic regimes.

Judicial Dictatorship

Author : William J. Quirk
Publisher : Transaction Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781560002253
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Dictatorship by : William J. Quirk

Download or read book Judicial Dictatorship written by William J. Quirk and published by Transaction Pub. This book was released on 1995 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American society has undergone a revolution within a revolution. Until the 1960s, America was a liberal country in the traditional sense of legislative and executive checks and balances. Since then, the Supreme Court has taken on the role of the protector of individual rights against the will of the majority by creating, in a series of decisions, new rights for criminal defendants, atheists, homosexuals, illegal aliens, and others. Repeatedly, on a variety of cases, the Court has overturned the actions of local police or state laws under which local officials are acting. The result, according to Quirk and Birdwell, is freedom for the lawless and oppression for the law abiding. Judicial Dictatorship challenges the status quo, arguing that in many respects the Supreme Court has assumed authority far beyond the original intent of the Founding Fathers. In order to avoid abuse of power, the three branches of the American government were designed to operate under a system of checks and balances. However, this balance has been upset. The Supreme Court has become the ultimate arbiter in the legal system through exercise of the doctrine of judicial review, which allows the court to invalidate any state or federal law it considers inconsistent with the constitution. Supporters of judicial review believe that there has to be a final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, and the Judiciary is the most suitable choice. Opponents, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln among them, believed that judicial review assumes the judicial branch is above the other branches, a result the Constitution did not intend. The democratic paradox is that the majority in America agreed to limit its own power. Jefferson believed that the will of the majority must always prevail. His faith in the common man led him to advocate a weak national government, one that derived its power from the people. Alexander Hamilton, often Jefferson's adversary, lacking such faith, feared "the amazing violence and turbulence of the democratic spirit." This led him to believe in a strong national government, a social and economic aristocracy, and finally, judicial review. This conflict has yet to be resolved. Judicial Dictatorship discusses the issue of who will decide if government has gone beyond its proper powers. That issue, in turn, depends on whether the Jeffersonian or Hamiltonian view of the nature of the person prevails. In challenging customary ideological alignments of conservative and liberal doctrine, Judicial Dictatorship will be of interest to students and professionals in law, political scientists, and those interested in U.S. history.

Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship

Author : Lisa Hilbink
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113946681X
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship by : Lisa Hilbink

Download or read book Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship written by Lisa Hilbink and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did formerly independent Chilean judges, trained under and appointed by democratic governments, facilitate and condone the illiberal, antidemocratic, and anti-legal policies of the Pinochet regime? Challenging the assumption that adjudication in non-democratic settings is fundamentally different and less puzzling than it is in democratic regimes, this book offers a longitudinal analysis of judicial behavior, demonstrating striking continuity in judicial performance across regimes in Chile. The work explores the relevance of judges' personal policy preferences, social class, and legal philosophy, but argues that institutional factors best explain the persistent failure of judges to take stands in defense of rights and rule of law principles. Specifically, the institutional structure and ideology of the Chilean judiciary, grounded in the ideal of judicial apoliticism, furnished judges with professional understandings and incentives that left them unequipped and disinclined to take stands in defense of liberal democratic principles, before, during, and after the authoritarian interlude.

Courts Under Constraints

Author : Gretchen Helmke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107405203
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Courts Under Constraints by : Gretchen Helmke

Download or read book Courts Under Constraints written by Gretchen Helmke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of how institutional instability affects judicial behavior under dictatorship and democracy.

Constitutionalism and Dictatorship

Author : Robert Barros
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139433628
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutionalism and Dictatorship by : Robert Barros

Download or read book Constitutionalism and Dictatorship written by Robert Barros and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-04 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely believed that autocratic regimes cannot limit their power through institutions of their own making. This book presents a surprising challenge to this view. It demonstrates that the Chilean armed forces were constrained by institutions of their own design. Based on extensive documentation of military decision-making, much of it long classified and unavailable, this book reconstructs the politics of institutions within the recent Chilean dictatorship (1973–1990). It examines the structuring of institutions at the apex of the military junta, the relationship of military rule with the prior constitution, the intra-military conflicts that led to the promulgation of the 1980 constitution, the logic of institutions contained in the new constitution, and how the constitution constrained the military junta after it went into force in 1981. This provocative account reveals the standard account of the dictatorship as a personalist regime with power concentrated in Pinochet to be grossly inaccurate.

From Democracy to Judicial Dictatorship in Canada

Author : Patrick Redmond
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781795581646
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis From Democracy to Judicial Dictatorship in Canada by : Patrick Redmond

Download or read book From Democracy to Judicial Dictatorship in Canada written by Patrick Redmond and published by . This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM DEMOCRACY TOJUDICIAL DICTATORSHIP IN CANADA:THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE CHARTER OF RIGHTSCanada has been profoundly changed since our Constitution, including the Charter of Rights, came to be patriated in 1982. This took place without any national referendum or public support.The 1982 Patriation caused the transfer of power from the elected federal Parliament and provincial Legislatures which are accountable to the public, to nonelected, unaccountable judges sitting on the Supreme Court of Canada. The judiciary now make, without public input or accountability, fundamental decisions affecting our daily lives.From Democracy to Judicial Dictatorship in Canada reveals how this dramatic change came about. Based on documentary evidence, the authors disclose how Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau: An ardent socialist, became a member of the Liberal Party of Canada solely to use it as a platform to change Canada's Constitution according to his directions.Had no respect for the elected Members of Parliament, and preferred that elitist appointed judges make fundamental decisions, using the Charter as their tool to reshape Canadian values and society. Engaged in obnoxious behaviour deliberately misleading the public about the purpose and effect of his proposed Charter of Rights.Canadian judges have used the Charter to expand their role and influence, contrary to the clear intent of the drafters of the Charter. Time and again, judges have thrown aside judicial restraint, abandoned legal merit and precedent as the basis of their decisions, and instead have applied their own political ideology in reaching their decisions. They have now become the most powerful individuals in Canadian history.These startling events are examined through a critique of a number of Supreme Court of Canada and lower court cases, and the apparent mentality of the judges who believe that they are personally qualified to decide "what is best for Canadians."This book provides the reader with a three part assessment of our current state of constitutional crisis. The first part is a survey of the politics that went into the 1982 patriation of Canada's Constitution. The second, the loss of Parliamentary sovereignty and the rise of judicial activism. In the third part, the authors make the case that reform is not only necessary but possible. Both the courts and Parliament must actively seek to re-balance their respective roles based on principles of responsible government and electoral accountability, to ensure that Canada, once again, becomes strong and free, rooted in the consent of the governed.

The Rule of Law in Nascent Democracies

Author : Rebecca Bill Chavez
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804748124
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rule of Law in Nascent Democracies by : Rebecca Bill Chavez

Download or read book The Rule of Law in Nascent Democracies written by Rebecca Bill Chavez and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how the rule of law emerges and how it survives in nascent democracies. The question of how nascent democracies construct and fortify the rule of law is fundamentally about power. By focusing on judicial autonomy, a key component of the rule of law, this book demonstrates that the fragmentation of political power is a necessary condition for the rule of law. In particular, it shows how party competition sets the stage for independent courts. Using case studies of Argentina at the national level and of two neighboring Argentine provinces, San Luis and Mendoza, this book also addresses patterns of power in the economic and societal realms. The distribution of economic resources among members of a divided elite fosters competitive politics and is therefore one path to the requisite political fragmentation. Where institutional power and economic power converge, a reform coalition of civil society actors can overcome monopolies in the political realm.

Judges Beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society.

Author : Lisa Hilbink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780511296772
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Judges Beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. by : Lisa Hilbink

Download or read book Judges Beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. written by Lisa Hilbink and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did formally independent Chilean judges, trained under and appointed by democratic governments, facilitate and condone the illiberal, antidemocratic, and anti-legal policies of the Pinochet regime? Challenging the common assumption that adjudication in non-democratic settings is fundamentally different and less puzzling than it is in democratic regimes, this book offers a longitudinal analysis of judicial behavior, demonstrating striking continuity in judicial performance across regimes in Chile. The work explores the relevance of judges' personal policy preferences, social class, and legal philosophy, but argues that institutional factors best explain the persistent failure of judges to takes stands in defense of rights and rule of law principles. Specifically, the institutional structure and ideology of the Chilean judiciary, grounded in the ideal of judicial apoliticism, furnished judges with professional understandings and incentives that left them unequipped and disinclined to take stands in defense of liberal democratic principles, before, during, and after the authoritarian interlude.

Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies

Author : David Kosař
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107112125
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies by : David Kosař

Download or read book Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies written by David Kosař and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the mechanisms of judicial control to determine an efficient methodology for independence and accountability. Using over 800 case studies from the Czech and Slovak disciplinary courts, the author creates a theoretical framework that can be applied to future case studies and decrease the frequency of accountability perversions.

Judicial Independence and Human Rights in Latin America

Author : E. Skaar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230117694
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Independence and Human Rights in Latin America by : E. Skaar

Download or read book Judicial Independence and Human Rights in Latin America written by E. Skaar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comparative analysis, focusing on Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, explores the complex relationship between executive politics and judicial action, showing that judicial independence is a crucial factor in prosecution. It will engage Latin Americanists as well as all who are concerned with justice and human rights around the world.

Judicial Independence in China

Author : Randall Peerenboom
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107375584
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Independence in China by : Randall Peerenboom

Download or read book Judicial Independence in China written by Randall Peerenboom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-23 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume challenges the conventional wisdom about judicial independence in China and its relationship to economic growth, rule of law, human rights protection, and democracy. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach that places China's judicial reforms and the struggle to enhance the professionalism, authority, and independence of the judiciary within a broader comparative and developmental framework. Contributors debate the merits of international best practices and their applicability to China; provide new theoretical perspectives and empirical studies; and discuss civil, criminal, and administrative cases in urban and rural courts. This volume contributes to several fields, including law and development and the promotion of rule of law and good governance, globalization studies, neo-institutionalism and studies of the judiciary, the emerging literature on judicial reforms in authoritarian regimes, Asian legal studies, and comparative law more generally.

Democracy and the Rule of Law

Author : Adam Przeworski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521532662
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy and the Rule of Law by : Adam Przeworski

Download or read book Democracy and the Rule of Law written by Adam Przeworski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-07-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the question of why governments sometimes follow the law and other times choose to evade the law. The traditional answer of jurists has been that laws have an autonomous causal efficacy: law rules when actions follow anterior norms; the relation between laws and actions is one of obedience, obligation, or compliance. Contrary to this conception, the authors defend a positive interpretation where the rule of law results from the strategic choices of relevant actors. Rule of law is just one possible outcome in which political actors process their conflicts using whatever resources they can muster: only when these actors seek to resolve their conflicts by recourse to la, does law rule. What distinguishes 'rule-of-law' as an institutional equilibrium from 'rule-by-law' is the distribution of power. The former emerges when no one group is strong enough to dominate the others and when the many use institutions to promote their interest.

Surviving Autocracy

Author : Masha Gessen
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593332245
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Surviving Autocracy by : Masha Gessen

Download or read book Surviving Autocracy written by Masha Gessen and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “When Gessen speaks about autocracy, you listen.” —The New York Times “A reckoning with what has been lost in the past few years and a map forward with our beliefs intact.” —Interview As seen on MSNBC’s Morning Joe and heard on NPR’s All Things Considered: the bestselling, National Book Award–winning journalist offers an essential guide to understanding, resisting, and recovering from the ravages of our tumultuous times. This incisive book provides an essential guide to understanding and recovering from the calamitous corrosion of American democracy over the past few years. Thanks to the special perspective that is the legacy of a Soviet childhood and two decades covering the resurgence of totalitarianism in Russia, Masha Gessen has a sixth sense for the manifestations of autocracy—and the unique cross-cultural fluency to delineate their emergence to Americans. Gessen not only anatomizes the corrosion of the institutions and cultural norms we hoped would save us but also tells us the story of how a short few years changed us from a people who saw ourselves as a nation of immigrants to a populace haggling over a border wall, heirs to a degraded sense of truth, meaning, and possibility. Surviving Autocracy is an inventory of ravages and a call to account but also a beacon to recovery—and to the hope of what comes next.

Appointing Judges in an Age of Judicial Power

Author : Peter H. Russell
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 0802093817
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Appointing Judges in an Age of Judicial Power by : Peter H. Russell

Download or read book Appointing Judges in an Age of Judicial Power written by Peter H. Russell and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this volume is to analyse common issues arising from increasing judicial power in the context of different political and legal systems, including those in North America, Africa, Europe, Australia, and Asia.