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Isotopic Tracing Of Particulate Matter From A Compression Ignition Engine Fueled With Ethanol In Diesel Blends
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Book Synopsis Isotopic Tracing of Particulate Matter from a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol-in-Diesel Blends by :
Download or read book Isotopic Tracing of Particulate Matter from a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol-in-Diesel Blends written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) was used to investigate the relative contribution to diesel engine particulate matter (PM) from the ethanol and diesel fractions of blended fuels. Four test fuels along with a diesel fuel baseline were investigated. The test fuels were comprised of 14C depleted diesel fuel mixed with contemporary grain ethanol (>400 the 14C concentration of diesel). An emulsifier (Span 85) or cosolvent (butyl alcohol) was used to facilitate mixing. The experimental test engine was a 1993 Cummins B5.9 diesel rated at 175 hp at 2500 rpm. Test fuels were run at steady-state conditions of 1600 rpm and 210 ft-lbs, and PM samples were collected on quartz filters following dilution of engine exhaust in a mini-dilution tunnel. AMS analysis of the filter samples showed that the ethanol contributed less to PM relative to its fraction in the fuel blend. For the emulsified blends, 6.4% and 10.3% contributions to PM were observed for 11.5% and 23.0% ethanol fuels, respectively. For the cosolvent blends, even lower contributions were observed (3.8% and 6.3% contributions to PM for 12.5% and 25.0% ethanol fuels, respectively).
Book Synopsis Tableaux anciens et modernes - Miniatures by :
Download or read book Tableaux anciens et modernes - Miniatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Carbon in the Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends by :
Download or read book Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Carbon in the Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental tests were conducted on a Cummins 85.9 direct-injected diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends. 20% and 50% blend levels were tested, as was 100% (neat) biodiesel. Emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)), hydrocarbons (HC) and CO were measured under steady-state operating conditions. The effect of biodiesel on PM emissions was mixed; however, the contribution of the volatile organic fraction to total PM was greater for the higher biodiesel blend levels. When only non-volatile PM mass was considered, reductions were observed for the biodiesel blends as well as for neat biodiesel. The biodiesel test fuels increased NO(subscript x), while HC and CO emissions were reduced. PM collected on quartz filters during the experimental runs were analyzed for carbon-14 content using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMs). These measurements revealed that carbon from the biodiesel portion of the blended fuel was marginally less likely to contribute to PM, compared to the carbon from the diesel portion of the fuel. The results are different than those obtained in previous tests with the oxygenate ethanol, which was observed to be far less likely contribute to PM than the diesel component of the blended fuel. The data suggests that chemical structure of the oxygen- carbon bonds in an oxygenate affects the PM formation process.
Book Synopsis Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Components in Emissions From a Diesel Engine by :
Download or read book Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Components in Emissions From a Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measured the relative contribution of ethanol to engine particulate matter (PM) from four ethanol-diesel blended fuels using contemporary grain alcohol as a tracer in low 14C diesel fuel. An emulsifier (Span 85) or cosolvent (butyl alcohol) facilitated mixing of the 12-25% ethanol blends. We operated the laboratory test engine, a 1993 Cummins B5.9 diesel, at a steady-state medium load and collected PM samples on pre-combusted quartz filters following dilution of engine exhaust in a mini-dilution tunnel. The ethanol blends emitted less PM and NOX than the control. The cosolvent blends reduced PM more effectively than the emulsified blends with similar oxygen content. The distribution of the oxygen, not just the quantity, was an important factor in reducing PM emissions. Any bio-derived fuel component is easily traced on the fossil background. Schemes for measuring volatile fractions of soot and gaseous emissions can be implemented.
Book Synopsis Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine by : Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine written by Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994-2001 by : John H Johnson
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994-2001 written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-02-20 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Effect of Fuel Structures and Blend Distribution on Diesel Emissions Using Isotope Tracing by : R. W. Dibble
Download or read book Measuring the Effect of Fuel Structures and Blend Distribution on Diesel Emissions Using Isotope Tracing written by R. W. Dibble and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon atoms occupying specific positions within fuel molecules can be labeled and followed in emissions. Renewable bio-derived fuels possess a natural uniform carbon-14 ({sup 14}C) tracer several orders of magnitude above petroleum-derived fuels. These fuels can be used to specify sources of carbon in particulate matter (PM) or other emissions. Differences in emissions from variations in the distribution of a fuel component within a blend can also be measured. Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), we traced fuel components with biological {sup 14}C/C levels of 1 part in 10{sup 12} against a {sup 14}C-free petroleum background in PM and CO{sub 2}. Different carbon atoms in the ester structure of the diesel oxygenate dibutyl maleate displayed far different propensities to produce PM. Homogeneous cosolvent and heterogeneous emulsified ethanol-in-diesel blends produced significantly different PM despite having the same oxygen content in the fuel. Emulsified blends produced PM with significantly more volatile species. Although ethanol-derived carbon was less likely to produce PM than diesel fuel, it formed non-volatile structures when it resided in PM. The contribution of lubrication oil to PM was determined by measuring an isotopic difference between 100% bio-diesel and the PM it produced. Data produced by the experiments provides validation for combustion models.
Book Synopsis Research in Alternative Fuel Development by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Research in Alternative Fuel Development written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engine Performance and Particulate Matter Speciation for Compression Ignition Engines Powered by a Range of Fossil and Biofuels by : Paul Lindsey Rounce
Download or read book Engine Performance and Particulate Matter Speciation for Compression Ignition Engines Powered by a Range of Fossil and Biofuels written by Paul Lindsey Rounce and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Under Cold-fast-idle Conditions for Ethanol-gasoline Blends by : Iason Dimou
Download or read book Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Under Cold-fast-idle Conditions for Ethanol-gasoline Blends written by Iason Dimou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to build internal combustion engines with both reduced brake-specific fuel consumption and better emission control, engineers developed the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine. DISI engines combine the specific higher output of the spark ignition engine, with the better efficiency of the compression ignition engine at part load. Despite their benefits, DISI engines still suffer from high hydrocarbon, NO2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Until recently, PM emissions have received relatively little attention, despite their severe effects on human health, related mostly to their size. Previous research indicates that almost 80% of the PM is emitted during the first few minutes of the engine's operation (cold-start-fast-idling period). A proposed solution for PM emission reduction is the use of fuel blends with ethanol. The present research experimentally measures the effect of ethanol content in fuel on PM formation in the combustion chamber of a DISI engine during the cold-start period. A novel sampling system has been designed and combined with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) system, in order to measure the particulate matter number (PN) concentration 15 cm downstream from the exhaust valves of a DISI engine, for a temperature range between 0 and 40"C, under low load operation. Seven gasohol fuels have been tested with the ethanol content varying from 0% (EO) up to 85% (E85). For E10 to E85, PN modestly increases when the engine coolant temperature (ECT) is lowered. The PN distributions, however, are insensitive to the ethanol content of the fuel. The total PN for EQ is substantially higher than for the gasohol fuels, at ECT below 20'C. However, for ECT higher than 20'C, the total PN values (obtained from integrating the PN distribution from 15 to 350 nm) are approximately the same for all fuels. This sharp change in PN from EQ to E10 is confirmed by running the tests with E2.5 and E5; the midpoint of the transition occurs at approximately E5. Because the fuels' evaporating properties do not change substantially from EQ to E10, the significant change in PN is attributed to the particulate matter formation chemistry.
Book Synopsis Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers by :
Download or read book Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel-biodiesel-pentanol Blends by : Richard Aaron Clayson
Download or read book Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel-biodiesel-pentanol Blends written by Richard Aaron Clayson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance and Emissions of Diesel-gasoline-ethanol Blends in a Light Duty Compression Ignition Engine by :
Download or read book Performance and Emissions of Diesel-gasoline-ethanol Blends in a Light Duty Compression Ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Diesel Engines and Liquid Alternative Fuels by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Advanced Diesel Engines and Liquid Alternative Fuels written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "June 2003."/"SAE International Future Transportation Technology Conference, Costa Mesa, California, June 23-25, 2003"--Page [4] of cover./Includes bibliographical references
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engine Emissions by : George Springer
Download or read book Engine Emissions written by George Springer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
