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Author : Gordon G. Bentle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Irradiation Swelling of Uranium and Uranium Alloys written by Gordon G. Bentle and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Boltax
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Metallographic Study of the Swelling of Uranium and Uranium Alloys written by A. Boltax and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. A. Loomis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Swelling of Uranium and Uranium Alloys on Postirradiation Annealing written by B. A. Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The swelling of uranium and of a few selected uranium alloys on post-irradiation annealing was investigated by utilizing density measurements in conjunction with the observation of pores in the microstructures of annealed specimens. Specimens were irradiated to about 0.3 at.% burnup in a constrained condition at approximately 275 deg C and were subsequently pulse annealed. The amount of swelling was found to be less than 1% for U specimens that were pulse annealed up to 75 hr at temperatures below 550 deg C; the amount of swelling, however, increased considerably on annealing at temperatures between 550 and 650 deg C. Specimens pulse annealed up to 75 hr at 618 deg C decreased in density by approximately 18%. The swelling was accompanied by the formation of bubbles on grain boundaries in recrystallized regions. The observations suggest that recrystallization is a necessary prerequisite for pronounced swelling in the alpha phase.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Study of the Swelling of Uranium Alloys Under Irradiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. P. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Irradiation of U-Mo Base Alloys written by M. P. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments was designed to assess the suitability of uranium-molybdenum alloys as high-temperature, high-burnup fuels for advanced sodium cooled reactors. Specimens with molybdenum contents between 3 and 10% were subjected to capsule irradiation tests in the Materials Testing Reactor, to burnups up to 10,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures between 800 and 1500 deg F. The results indicated that molybdenum has a considerable effect in reducing the swelling due to irradiation. For example. 3% molybdemum reduces the swelling from 25%, for pure uranium. to 7% at approximates 3,000 Mwd/MTU at 1270 deg F. Further swelling resistance can be gained by increasing the molybdenum content, but the amount gained becomes successively smaller. At higher irradiation levels, the amount of swelling rapidly becomes greater, and larger amounts of molybdenum are required to provide similar resistance. A limit of 7% swelling, at 900 deg F and an irradiation of 7,230 Mwd/ MTU, requires the use of 10% Nonemolybdenum in the alloy. The burnup rates were in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 x 10p13s fissiom/cc-sec. Small ternary additions of silicon and aluminum were shown to have a noticeable effect in reducing swelling when added to a U-3% Mo alloy base. Under the conditions of the present experiment, 0.26% silicon or 0.38% aluminum were equivalent to 1 to 1 1/2% molybdenum. The Advanced Sodium Cooled Reactor requires a fuel capable of being irradiated to 20,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures up to 1500 deg C in metal fuel, or equivalent in ceramic fuel. It is concluded that even the highest molybdenum contents considered did not produce a fuel capable of operating satisfactorily under these conditions. The alloys would be useful, however, for less exacting conditions. The U-3% Mo alloy is capable of use up to 3,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures of 1300 deg F before swelling becomes excessive. The addition of silicon and aluminum would increase this limit to at least 3,000 Mwd/MTU, and possibly more if the
Author : J. H. Kittel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (865 download)
Download or read book Irradiation Behavior of Uranium-fissium Alloys. EBR-II Project written by J. H. Kittel and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of uranium-fissium and uranium-fissium-zirconium alloys was irradiated in thermal test reactors to study the relationship of dimensional stability to alloy composition, thermal cycling, burnup, irradiation temperature, post-irradiation heating, and cladding restraint. None of the alloy compositions tested showed irradiation behavior superior to the uranium-5 wt./% fissium alloy that has been used as driver fuel in EBR-II since it began operation. This alloy is among those uranium-base alloys most capable of resisting high-temperature irradiation swelling. None of the alloys showed evidence of the reversion to the metastable gamma phase that has been observed in comparable uranium-molybdenum alloys. Swelling of uranium-fissium alloys was effectively restrained by most of the 0.009-inch thick cladding materials investigated. Local hydrostatic forces due to swelling of the fuel caused the fuel to extrude extensively out of small vent holes in the cladding. Little axial fuel movement occurred within the cladding, however, even when the upper fuel surface was entirely unrestrained.
Author : J. A. Horak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Irradiation on Uranium-plutonium-fissium Fuel Alloys written by J. A. Horak and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 35 specimens of U-Pu-fissium alloy and 2 specimens of U-10 wt% Pu-5 wt% Mo alloy were irradiated as a part of the fuel-alloy development program for fast breeder reactors at Argonne National Laboratory. Total atom burnups ranged from 1.0 to 1.8% at maximum fuel temperatures ranging from 230 to 470 deg C. Emphasis was placed on the EBR-II Core-III reference fuel material, which is an injection-cast, U-20 wt% Pu-10 wt% fissium alloy. It was found that this material begins to swell catastrophically at irradiation temperatures above 370 deg C. The ability of the fuel to resist swelling did not appear to vary appreciably with minor changes in zirconium or fissium content. Decreasing the Pu to 10 wt%, however, significantly improved the swelling behavior of the alloy. Both pour-cast and thermally cycled material and pour-cast, extruded, and thermally cycled material appeared to be more stable under irradiation than injection-cast material. Under comparable irradiation conditions, the specimens of U-20 wt% Pu- 5 wt% Mo alloy were less dimensionally stable than the U-Pu-fissium alloys investigated.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Irradiation Stability of Uranium Alloys at High Exposures written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postirradiation examinations were begun of a series of unrestrained dilute uranium alloy specimens irradiated to exposures up to 13,000 MWD/T in NaK-containing stainless steel capsules. This test, part of a program of development of uranium metal fuels for desalination and power reactors sponsored by the Division of Reactor Development and Technology, has the objective of defining the temperature and exposure limits of swelling resistance of the alloyed uranium. This paper discusses those test results.
Author : J. H. Kittel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Effects of Irradiation on Thorium and Thorium-uranium Alloys written by J. H. Kittel and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three separate irradiation experiments were completed with Th and Th-U alloys. In the first experiment, three-rolled plates of Th and Th-5 wt% U alloy irradiated to total atom burnups up to 1.5% at 200 deg C showed no anisotropic growth and decreased in density at a rate of 1% per wt.% burnup. In the second experiment, 15 swaged specimens of Th and of the alloys Th-0.1 wt% U, Th-1.4 wt% U, and Th-5.5 wt% U were irradiated to burnups ranging from 0.3 to 3.6% of all atoms at temperatures in the range of 45 to 200 deg C. Again, no anisotropic growth was observed and densities decreased at rates near 1% per wt.% burnup. A Th-1.4 wt% U alloy specimen with 2.0 wt.% burnup was found to have retained significant room-temperature ductility. In the final experiment, a group of 44 chill-cast specimens of Th alloys containing 10, 15, 20, 25, and 31 wt% U were irradiated to burnups ranging from 0.16 to 10.1% of all atoms. Maximum irradiation temperatures ranged from 260 to over 1000 deg C. Surface roughening occurred in the alloys containing 25 and 31 wt% U. Volume increases at any given temperature for all alloys were linear with increasing burnup. The rate of volume increase for all alloys rose from approximately 1% per wt.% burnup at the lower temperatures to a value of 2.5 at 650 deg C. Thereafter the swelling rate increased somewhat, reaching a value of 6% volume increase per wt.% burnup at 800 deg C. The rates of volume increase under irradiation of Th-U alloys in the entire temperature range studied were significantly less than those reported for the best U-base alloys. It is suggested that the excellent resistance to high- temperature swelling of the cast Th-U alloys resulted from the fact that a dispersion of very thin U particles was obtained. A high probability, therefore, existed for fission recoils to escape from the U particles into the isotropic and less densely packed Th matrix.
Download or read book Китайское ремесло в XVI-XVIII веках written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Battelle Memorial Institute. Radiation Effects Information Center
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book REIC Report written by Battelle Memorial Institute. Radiation Effects Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. A. L. Robertson
Publisher : New York : Gordon and Breach
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Irradiation Effects in Nuclear Fuels written by J. A. L. Robertson and published by New York : Gordon and Breach. This book was released on 1969 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. A. Bauėr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Metallic Fuel Materials written by A. A. Bauėr and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. H. Kittel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Irradiation of Extrusion-clad Uranium-2 W/o Zirconium Alloy for EBR-1, Mark III written by J. H. Kittel and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fuel material specified for the Mark III core of EBR-I was uranium-2 wt. % zirconium alloy coextruded with Zircaloy-2 cladding. From previous work on swaged or rolled uranium-2 wt% zirconium alloy, it was anticipated that the extruded alloy would be dimensionally unstable under irradiation unless stabilized by suitable heat treatment. In order to determine an effective heat treatment, irradiation studies were made on both clad and unclad extruded uranium-2 wt.% zirconium alloy specimens at irradiation temperature estimated at 200 to 750 deg C. The irradiation specimens included material with three different heat treatments, selected on the basis of previous studies, and material transient melted in its cladding. For unclad specimens, it was found that the irradiation temperature strongly influenced the various irradiation growth rates resulting from different heat treatments. Growth rates of the clad specimens were relatively insensitive to either irradiation temperature or prior heat treatment. An exception was the transient-melted material, which shortened under irradiation. The cladding had only limited ability to restrain the swelling rates of specimens irradiated at the more elevated temperatures. Clad transient-melted material was found to be most resistant to high-temperature swelling under irradiation. The results of the present study combined with observations in earlier investigations resulted in a recommendation that the reference heat treatment for the core consist of gamma solution at 800 deg C followed by isothermal transformation at 690 deg C.
Author : J. A. Horak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Irradiation Behavior of Restrained and Vented Uranium-2 W/o Zirconium Alloy written by J. A. Horak and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twelve 0.22-in.-diameter fuel specimens containing a longitudinal central vent and clad with 0.010 in. of Type 304 stainless steel were irradiated to evaluate the effect of restraint and a central vent on fuel element stability. The cladding of 10 of the specimens contained porous end plugs to vent any released fission gas and thus to minimize the buildup of gas pressure within the stainless steel cladding. The specimens consisted of a 20% enriched uranium--2 wt% zirconium alloy core surrounded by a natural uranium--2 wt% zirconium alloy sleeve. Eight of the specimens were irradiated to burnups of the enriched core of 6.9 to 12.8% of all atoms (1.2 to 2.2 at.% of the duplex assembly) at maximum fuel temperatures ranging from 280 to 760 deg C. Most of the clad specimens exhibited negligible volume increases as a result of irradiation. Two specimens containing central vents but unclad were irradiated together with the clad specimens in an attempt to differentiate between the effects due to a central vent and the effects due to cladding. The central vent in itself did not appear to reduce the swelling characteristics of the alloy. Mechanical restraint appeared to have extended the useful operating temperatures of the metallic fuel alloy by at least 200 deg C and also greatly extended the burnup levels to which the fuel could be irradiated.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Status of Irradiation Tests of Dilute Uranium Alloys in NaK-Containing Stainless Steel Capsules written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To extend experience with uranium metal fuels to the high exposures required for power reactor operation, the Savannah River Laboratory has conducted over several years a series of irradiation tests of small uranium specimens of various alloy compositions in NaK-containing stainless steel capsules. These tests were designed specifically to establish the limits on exposure that could be reached during irradiation of the alloys at various temperatures without swelling and to determine the metallurgical factors that promoted the stability of the alloys. This paper discusses those test results.
Author : R. D. Hahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Study of Uranium Carbide and Cladding Materials for High-temperature Sodium-cooled Reactors written by R. D. Hahn and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
