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Ipo Underpricing Issue Mechanisms And Size
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Book Synopsis IPO Underpricing, Issue Mechanisms, and Size by : Nitish Ranjan Sinha
Download or read book IPO Underpricing, Issue Mechanisms, and Size written by Nitish Ranjan Sinha and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the pricing of IPOs in the Indian context. The paper also examines whether the introduction of Bookbuilding has an impact on IPO pricing. The results suggest that IPOs are underpriced. The results also suggest that bookbuilt IPOs show less underpricing than fixed price issues. A more detailed study suggests that this has to do more with the size of the issue than the issue process. A model describing the IPO process in the presence of asymmetric information and heterogenous beliefs is presented. This model suggests that IPO underpricing can be avoided in the presence of selectively informed investors. The model includes the choices on signaling cost, homogenous and heterogeneous beliefs among the investors, entrepreneur holding dilution and issue size that exist for a firm while coming for an IPO. The model suggests that a larger amount of money is left on the table if the entrepreneur holds a lesser amount with herself post IPO. Despite asymmetric information, the high value firm can place an issue without leaving money on the table. The model also suggests that IPO underpricing is unavoidable in a market with information asymmetry and homogenous beliefs among investors. The models predict that underpricing is more severe in the case of smaller issue sizes. This is consistent with the empirical findings.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Board Size on Underpricing of IPOs by : Rekha Handa
Download or read book The Effect of Board Size on Underpricing of IPOs written by Rekha Handa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate governance mechanisms are being widely researched for their impact on different measures of corporate performance. Board structure being a dominant means of monitoring and governance for sustaining the competition and improving financial and overall performance, forms an integral part of these mechanisms. The present paper explores the size of the board as a governance method and its relationship with Initial Public Offering (IPO) performance, IPOs being a unique setting to establish the contribution of corporate governance in general and boards in specific. The study investigates specifically board size to explore its independence as a governance mechanism and contribution in explaining the initial returns of an IPO.
Book Synopsis Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing by : Marius Hamer
Download or read book Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing written by Marius Hamer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter Börse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.
Book Synopsis Econometric Methods with Applications in Business and Economics by : Christiaan Heij
Download or read book Econometric Methods with Applications in Business and Economics written by Christiaan Heij and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays applied work in business and economics requires a solid understanding of econometric methods to support decision-making. Combining a solid exposition of econometric methods with an application-oriented approach, this rigorous textbook provides students with a working understanding and hands-on experience of current econometrics. Taking a 'learning by doing' approach, it covers basic econometric methods (statistics, simple and multiple regression, nonlinear regression, maximum likelihood, and generalized method of moments), and addresses the creative process of model building with due attention to diagnostic testing and model improvement. Its last part is devoted to two major application areas: the econometrics of choice data (logit and probit, multinomial and ordered choice, truncated and censored data, and duration data) and the econometrics of time series data (univariate time series, trends, volatility, vector autoregressions, and a brief discussion of SUR models, panel data, and simultaneous equations). · Real-world text examples and practical exercise questions stimulate active learning and show how econometrics can solve practical questions in modern business and economic management. · Focuses on the core of econometrics, regression, and covers two major advanced topics, choice data with applications in marketing and micro-economics, and time series data with applications in finance and macro-economics. · Learning-support features include concise, manageable sections of text, frequent cross-references to related and background material, summaries, computational schemes, keyword lists, suggested further reading, exercise sets, and online data sets and solutions. · Derivations and theory exercises are clearly marked for students in advanced courses. This textbook is perfect for advanced undergraduate students, new graduate students, and applied researchers in econometrics, business, and economics, and for researchers in other fields that draw on modern applied econometrics.
Book Synopsis Expected Underpricing, Corporate Control and the Choice of Issuance Mechanism in Unseasoned Equity Markets by : Ian G. Sharpe
Download or read book Expected Underpricing, Corporate Control and the Choice of Issuance Mechanism in Unseasoned Equity Markets written by Ian G. Sharpe and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the choice of issuance mechanism for 833 unseasoned equity issues (the choice between initial public offers (IPOs) and direct placements (DPs)) prior to exchange listing. Using unique Australian data and incorporating interrelated decisions, we find that corporate control concerns surrounding post-listing ownership structures and underpricing differences between IPOs and DPs play an important role. Furthermore, debt market explanations of the issuance mechanism decision (including transaction costs and information asymmetry) are also relevant in unseasoned equity markets. Importantly, the choice of issuance mechanism and the underpricing, issue size and corporate control decisions are interrelated, and neglecting this interrelatedness significantly biases the results.
Book Synopsis Governance, Sentiment Analysis and IPO Underpricing by : Maximiliano Gonzalez
Download or read book Governance, Sentiment Analysis and IPO Underpricing written by Maximiliano Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Question/Issue: What is the relationship between governance, tone in language and underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Latin America.Research Findings/Insights: First, we find empirical evidence for the link between uncertainty in tone in the IPO prospectus and the level of underpricing. Second, we do not find that governance provisions at the country level explain IPO underpricing. Third, governance mechanisms at the firm level, such as board size and independence, are significant in explaining underpricing. Fourth, when interacting with uncertainty in tone, corporate governance variables at the firm level display stronger (board size) or weaker (board independence) marginal effects. Finally, we find lower levels of underpricing for family firms compared to non-family firms.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Bigger boards seem to lead to greater underpricing while more independent boards mitigate it. This finding stresses the relevance of functional convergence in regions with weak institutions. Our results also suggest that tone in communications matter more for underpricing than governance. We argue that this could be due to the minimum corporate governance provisions at the firm level that firms need to meet before going public. Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our results suggest that tone in firm communications is relevant for market valuation. In the context of family firms, we show that reputation effect is priced by the market valuation of the IPO.
Book Synopsis The Chinese Initial Public Offering Market by : Haifeng Guo
Download or read book The Chinese Initial Public Offering Market written by Haifeng Guo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis conducts three empirical studies on the Chinese A-share initial public offering (IPO) market, specifically, underpricing and short-run underperformance, duration from offering to listing and hot and cold issuing cycles. Before the empirical analysis, the literature is reviewed associated with these three topics. In addition, this thesis presents an overview of the Chinese IPO market which is found to undergo an experiment period from 1984 to 1990, a transition period from 1991 to 1993 and finally steps into a relatively mature stage from 1994. The issuing systems, allocation mechanisms, pricing methods, structure of shareholders are also discussed.The first empirical study analyses underpricing and short-run underperformance of the Chinese A-share IPOs from Mar, 2001 to 2005 when the Approval System is adopted. We find the market adjusted first-day returns average at 93.49% during this period. Then we explore why Chinese IPOs are underpriced so much. The influences of inequality of IPO demand and supply, allocation mechanisms, structure of shareholders, duration to listing and underwriters are discussed respectively. Based on the discussion, we construct an ordinary least squares regression model and find that the underpricing is positively related to this IPO's turnover ratio and state-owned shares and negatively related to its offering price, issuing size, etc. Meanwhile, this study extends the estimation and compares these IPOs' short-run underperformance on their 10th, 20th, 30th trading day. We find that the levels of short-run underpricing shrink. Both allocation mechanisms and underwriters can impact the degree of shrinking. The second empirical study estimates the duration from offering to listing of Chinese A-share IPOs issued from 1994 to 2005. We firstly explain the different IPO issuing procedures under the Administrative Authorizing System and the Approval System respectively and then compare the effects of these two issuing systems on the length of this duration. The findings indicate that the waiting time to listing has been shortened greatly after the Approval System is adopted. Secondly, this study emphasizes on exploring endogenous factors related to an issuer itself, such as this issuer's quality, market sentiment, allocation mechanism, and underwriter, etc. Then a Cox proportional hazard model is employed to examine these factors' influences on this issuer's final listing. Further, this study extends the analysis to explore the role of the issuing system and issuing year respectively. Most endogenous factors are found to still be functioning when we take into account the effect of the issuing system, but the effects of underwriter, allocation mechanism, offering price and floatation size diminish in favour of the effect of issuing year. The third empirical study focuses on detecting hot and cold IPO cycles in the Chinese A-share market during 1994-2005 using a Markov regime switching model. We introduce a set of observations to measure IPO monthly activities, which include the number of IPOs, underpricing, market conditions and duration to listing, and thus establish a model to estimate these activities' average performance in hot and cold periods respectively. It is found that a hot period is related with an abundant supply of IPOs, high levels of underpricing, positive market conditions and short waiting time to listing. This study presents the turning points of hot and cold periods for each observation. The cycles detected by the number of IPOs are the benchmark and then these cycles' robustness is tested by the other observations.
Book Synopsis A Survey of the European IPO Market by :
Download or read book A Survey of the European IPO Market written by and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2006 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Women on Corporate Boards of Directors by : Ronald J. Burke
Download or read book Women on Corporate Boards of Directors written by Ronald J. Burke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-03-31 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the first to focus exclusively on women serving on corporate boards of directors, provides the latest thinking and research findings on this increasingly important corporate governance issue. It includes censuses of women directors in a number of countries, identifies reasons for their limited numbers, indicates why appointing qualified women to boards offers competitive advantages, and suggests practical ways corporations can attract, recruit and appoint more women board members. Researchers interested in gender and corporate governance issues, companies interested in increasing their numbers of women board members, and women and men serving or hoping to serve on corporate boards will find this book of interest.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Corporate Finance by : Bjørn Espen Eckbo
Download or read book Handbook of Corporate Finance written by Bjørn Espen Eckbo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judging by the sheer number of papers reviewed in this Handbook, the empirical analysis of firms’ financing and investment decisions—empirical corporate finance—has become a dominant field in financial economics. The growing interest in everything “corporate is fueled by a healthy combination of fundamental theoretical developments and recent widespread access to large transactional data bases. A less scientific—but nevertheless important—source of inspiration is a growing awareness of the important social implications of corporate behavior and governance. This Handbook takes stock of the main empirical findings to date across an unprecedented spectrum of corporate finance issues, ranging from econometric methodology, to raising capital and capital structure choice, and to managerial incentives and corporate investment behavior. The surveys are written by leading empirical researchers that remain active in their respective areas of interest. With few exceptions, the writing style makes the chapters accessible to industry practitioners. For doctoral students and seasoned academics, the surveys offer dense roadmaps into the empirical research landscape and provide suggestions for future work. *The Handbooks in Finance series offers a broad group of outstanding volumes in various areas of finance *Each individual volume in the series should present an accurate self-contained survey of a sub-field of finance *The series is international in scope with contributions from field leaders the world over
Book Synopsis International and US IPO Planning by : Frederick D. Lipman
Download or read book International and US IPO Planning written by Frederick D. Lipman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for International and U.S. IPO Planning "Perhaps the greatest value of Frederick Lipman's new book on initial public offerings derives as its title indicates from the emphasis that it places on planning. Lipman makes abundantly clear that an IPO is not something to be rushed into by every fledgling firm, as was typical during the dot.com boom of the late 1990s. Indeed, his extensive treatment of the many aspects of preparing a company for an IPO, particularly the non financial aspects, helps the reader to focus on the most important question of all: Is an IPO appropriate for a given company? Somewhat uniquely, Lipman then asks the further question of whether an international IPO might be appropriate for that company even if a domestic one were not. By doing so, he has made a real contribution to this literature." Kenneth C. Froewiss, Clinical Professor of Finance, NYU Stern School of Business "We are operating in a global environment in nearly every aspect of business, and structuring/planning for an IPO is no different. The recent changes in regulations for U.S.- listed companies have raised the cost of access of U.S.-listed IPO capital, making foreign exchanges much more attractive. Fred Lipman has created a wonderful guide for managers to seriously access this option for their business. I also hope his book is a wake-up call to U.S. regulators on their impact on the competitiveness of U.S. securities markets." Bob Hellman, Managing Partner & CEO, American Infrastructure MLP Funds "This book will be of immense value to the companies planning an IPO. I am particularly struck by the research done by the author, which, in my opinion, makes it an authentic guide for private companies not only in the U.S. but also in Asia, particularly India and China, where a huge opportunity awaits companies to mature into sustainable enterprises by involving a large section of society in their IPO." M.K. Chouhan, Chairman, Mahendra & Young Knowledge Foundation, and Vice Chairman of Global Advisory Board, Asian Centre for Corporate Governance "This book contains valuable suggestions for advanced planning for both U.S. and international IPOs and belongs in the library of every entrepreneur and business executive." William C. Tyson, Associate Professor, Legal Studies, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania 8 crucial steps to planning a successful IPO International and U.S. IPO Planning outlines the eight step-by-step techniques all private companies must follow to prepare for a successful IPO, either in the U.S. or internationally. From advance planning techniques for both an international and U.S. IPO, to growing a business through acquisitions and "roll-ups" prior to an IPO, to deterring unwanted suitors by inserting carefully placed provisions into the charter, and so much more, International and U.S. IPO Planning provides a wealth of practical and insightful guidance to help the private company go public, regardless of its size or location.
Book Synopsis Initial Public Offerings by : Michelle Lowry
Download or read book Initial Public Offerings written by Michelle Lowry and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this monograph is to provide an overview of the IPO literature since 2000. The fewer numbers of companies going public in recent years has raised many questions regarding the IPO process, in both academic and regulatory circles. As we all strive to understand these changes in the market, it is especially important to understand the dynamics underlying the IPO process. If the process of going public is too costly or the IPO mechanism is plagued by too many conflicts of interest among the various intermediaries, then private companies may rationally choose other methods of raising capital. In a related vein, it is imperative that new regulations not be based on research focusing solely on large, more mature firms. Newly public firms have unique characteristics, and an increased understanding of such issues will contribute positively to well-functioning public markets and further growth of the entrepreneurial sector. We also provide a detailed guide to researchers on how to obtain a research-quality sample of IPOs, from standard data sources. Related to this, we tabulate important corrections to these standard data sources.
Book Synopsis Book Building Methods of Public issues in India by : Dr P Roopa
Download or read book Book Building Methods of Public issues in India written by Dr P Roopa and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Of Initial Public Offerings (Ipos) In India by : Dr. Manjusha marthadr.b.k.suryaprakasharao
Download or read book Performance Of Initial Public Offerings (Ipos) In India written by Dr. Manjusha marthadr.b.k.suryaprakasharao and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Going Public written by Tim Jenkinson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going Public investigates why companies routinely underprice themselves as they try to list themselves on the stock exchange. They subsequently underperform over the long-term and, in Going Public, the authors explore these 2 phenomena in plain English.
Book Synopsis Capital Markets Handbook by : John C. Burch
Download or read book Capital Markets Handbook written by John C. Burch and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 1458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capital Markets Handbook, Sixth Edition is the definitive desk reference for capital market professionals and a complete resource for anyone working in the financial markets field. Written by seasoned professionals in association with the SIA, Capital Markets Handbook covers the latest developments in major securities legislation, and all aspects of documentation, underwriting, pricing, distribution, settlement, immediate aftermarket trading of new issues, compliance issues, a glossary, a bibliography, and appendices containing the full text of the primary statutes and regulations. The Sixth Edition includes coverage of new developments, including compliance issues such as: New amendments to NASD Rule 2710 ("The Corporate Financing Rule") governing underwriting compensation Updates on PIPE and Registered Direct Transactions Amendments to Rule 10b-18 governing corporate repurchase of equity securities Online Dutch auction procedures in use for the Google, Inc. IPO United Kingdom Financial Service Authority guidance on conflict of interest regarding pricing and allocation issues which have been adopted by one major U.S. investment bank Amendments to Rule 105 Regulation M concerning short selling in connection with public offerings Currency conversion in settlement of a global offering NASD Rule 2790-Restriction on the Purchase and Sale of IPO equity securities NASD IPO Distribution Manager procedures for filing with NASD Corporate Financing Proposed NASD Rule 2712 concerning allocation and distribution of shares in an initial public offering A reorganized compliance chapter in a checklist format designed to ease and enhance CEO and CFO Compliance Certification required by a proposed amendment to NASD Rule 3010 (Supervision) and the adoption of Interpretive Material 3010-1 And more
Book Synopsis Initial Public Offerings (IPO) by : Greg N. Gregoriou
Download or read book Initial Public Offerings (IPO) written by Greg N. Gregoriou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the cooling off of IPOs since the dot com bubble, Google has rekindled the fire for IPOs. This IPO reader contains new articles exclusive to this reader by leading academics from around the world dealing with quantitative and qualitative analyses of this increasingly popular and important area of finance. Articles address new methods of IPO performance, international IPOs, IPO evaluation, IPO underwriting, evaluation and bookbuilding. Although numerous articles are technical in nature, with econometric and statistical models, particular attention has been directed towards the understanding and the applicability of the results as well as theoretical development in this area. This reader will assist researchers, academics, and graduate students to further understand the latest research on IPOs. *Interest in IPOs is increasing again after the Google IPO, and IPOs are up significantly from last year *Chapters by well known academics provide an international perspective, describing research results from IPO data in countries spanning the globe *Research is based on real results from IPO data collected over the past 5-7 years
