Investigations On Mobility Of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Nzvi For Groundwater Remediation

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Investigations on Mobility of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Groundwater Remediation

Author : Jan Busch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigations on Mobility of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Groundwater Remediation by : Jan Busch

Download or read book Investigations on Mobility of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Groundwater Remediation written by Jan Busch and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an innovative technology for in situ installation of a permeable reactive barrier in the subsurface. Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is highly reactive with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) and renders them into less harmful substances. Application of nZVI instead of granular ZVI can increase rates of dechlorination of CHCs by orders of magnitude, due to its higher surface area. This approach is still difficult to apply due to fast agglomeration and sedimentation of colloidal suspensions of nZVI, which leads to very short transport distances. To overcome this issue of limited mobility, polyanionic stabilisers are added to increase surface charge and stability of suspensions. In field experiments maximum transport distances of a few metres were achieved. A new approach, which is investigated in this thesis, is enhanced mobility of nZVI by a more mobile carrier colloid. The investigated composite material consists of activated carbon, which is loaded with nZVI. In this cumulative thesis, transport characteristics of carbon-colloid supported nZVI (c-nZVI) are investigated. Investigations started with column experiments in 40 cm columns filled with various porous media to investigate on physicochemical influences on transport characteristics. The experimental setup was enlarged to a transport experiment in a 1.2-m-sized two-dimensional aquifer tank experiment, which was filled with granular porous media. Further, a field experiment was performed in a natural aquifer system with a targeted transport distance of 5.3 m. Parallel to these investigations, alternative methods for transport observations were investigated by using noninvasive tomographic methods. Experiments using synchrotron radiation and magnetic resonance (MRI) were performed to investigate in situ transport characteristics in a non-destructive way. Results from column experiments show potentially high mobility under environmental relevant conditions. Addition of mono-and bivalent salts, e.g. more than 0.5 mM/L CaCl2, might decrease mobility. Changes in pH to values below 6 can inhibit mobility at all. Measurements of colloid size show changes in the mean particle size by a factor of ten. Measurements of zeta potential revealed an increase of -62 mV to -82 mV. Results from the 2D-aquifer test system suggest strong particle deposition in the first centimetres and only weak straining in the further travel path and no gravitational influence on particle transport. Straining at the beginning of the travel path in the porous medium was observed with tomographic investigations of transport. MRI experiments revealed similar results to the previous experiments, and observations using synchrotron radiation suggest straining of colloids at pore throats. The potential for high transport distances, which was suggested from laboratory experiments, was confirmed in the field experiment, where the transport distance of 5.3 m was reached by at least 10% of injected nZVI. Altogether, transport distances of the investigated carbon-colloid supported nZVI are higher than published results of traditional nZVI

Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration

Author : Tanapon Phenrat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319953400
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration by : Tanapon Phenrat

Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.

Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies

Author : Yong Sik Ok
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000046826
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies by : Yong Sik Ok

Download or read book Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies written by Yong Sik Ok and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers various soil and water treatment technologies due to increasing global soil and water pollution. In many countries, the management of contaminated land has matured, and it is developing in many others. Topics covered include chemical and ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites; phytomanagement of contaminants; arsenic removal; selection and technology diffusion; technologies and socio-environmental management; post-remediation long-term management; soil and groundwater laws and regulations; and trace element regulation limits in soil. Future prospects of soil and groundwater remediation are critically discussed in this book. Hence, readers will learn to understand the future prospects of soil and groundwater contaminants and remediation measures. Key Features: Discusses conventional and novel aspects of soil and groundwater remediation technologies Includes new monitoring/sensing technologies for soil and groundwater pollution Features a case study of remediation of contaminated sites in the old, industrial, Ruhr area in Germany Highlights soil washing, soil flushing, and stabilization/solidification Presents information on emerging contaminants that exhibit new challenges This book is designed for undergraduate and graduate courses and can be used as a handbook for researchers, policy makers, and local governmental institutes. Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies: A Practical Guide is written by a team of leading global experts in the field.

Fundamentals of Environmental Site Assessment and Remediation

Author : Yue Rong
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 135159043X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Environmental Site Assessment and Remediation by : Yue Rong

Download or read book Fundamentals of Environmental Site Assessment and Remediation written by Yue Rong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Environmental Site Assessment and Remediation examines all aspects of environmental site assessment and remediation and outlines the interdisciplinary skills needed to work in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview for students, environmental professionals, and real estate developers, and includes the latest environmental regulations, environmental site assessment and remediation practices, and industry standards. It examines pollution sources and the related impacts on drinking water supplies, the associated health risks, and how to protect water resources. The monitoring of surface water, groundwater, and soil is explained, as well as vapor intrusion. It will include several practical case studies throughout. Features Includes the latest and best practices for environmental site assessment and remediation procedures. Presents a multidisciplinary approach, including environmental forensics, nanotechnology, microbiology (DNA technology) and isotopes, etc. Examines various pollutants and their related impacts on drinking water supplies, the associated health risks, and how to protect water resources. Presents the best practices for the monitoring of surface water, groundwater, and soil. Covers the latest environmental regulations and industry standards.

Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment

Author : Marta I. Litter
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351334786
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment by : Marta I. Litter

Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.

Nanoparticles and the Environment

Author : Jillian Fiona Banfield
Publisher : ISSN
ISBN 13 : 9780939950560
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoparticles and the Environment by : Jillian Fiona Banfield

Download or read book Nanoparticles and the Environment written by Jillian Fiona Banfield and published by ISSN. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry (RiMG) volumes contain concise advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry.

Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils

Author : Md. Abdullah Asad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils by : Md. Abdullah Asad

Download or read book Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils written by Md. Abdullah Asad and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsurface remediation using nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is a promising in-situ technology that can convert groundwater contaminants into non-toxic compounds. Despite its promising characteristics, field scale implementation of nZVI technology has faced major challenges due to poor subsurface mobility and limited longevity, all leading to smaller nZVI travel distance. How far nZVI travels in the subsurface is an important parameter as it influences the amount of contaminants that could be reached and thereby remediated. This thesis examined various factors (viscosity, groundwater velocity, injection flux, soil heterogeneity, lag period) on nZVI travel distance through a numerical model and by performing a statistical analysis which revealed that viscosity has a statistically significant impact on nZVI travel distance while the impact of groundwater velocity and injection flux are statistically insignificant. The model also revealed that soil heterogeneity plays an important factor and that longer nZVI injection periods are better for nZVI deployment in the field.

Multi-scale Investigations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose- Coated Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particle Transport in Porous Media

Author : Jing Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-scale Investigations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose- Coated Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particle Transport in Porous Media by : Jing Li

Download or read book Multi-scale Investigations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose- Coated Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particle Transport in Porous Media written by Jing Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Subsurface injection of nano scale zero valent iron (NZVI) particles is an emerging technology for in situ remediation of the sites contaminated by toxic contaminants such as chlorinated organic dense non aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and heavy metals. One of the key challenges in applying NZVI particles for remediation at the field scale is that NZVI particles are not readily transported in subsurface porous media. The overall objective of this research is to address this challenge by conducting a number of column experiments and 2-D pilot scale tank experiments as well as by exploring the deposition mechanics of metal nanoparticles theoretically. Although numerous studies have focused the stability and transport of polymer/polyelectrolyte coated NZVI particles, the comparison of the effect of the same type of polyelectrolyte stabilizer with different molecular weight on the stability and transport of the corresponding coated NZVI particles has not been systematically conducted to date. Varying molecular weights of homologous polyelectrolytes can cause changes in viscosity and rheology in free solution, and alter the extent of colloidal stability when coated on the nanoparticles. Furthermore, most of the studies on NZVI particle transport have been conducted in the vertically placed columns, which are not representative with the actual flow orientation in field, leading to a potential difference of transport performance of NZVI particles between the commonly used vertical flow orientation and the horizontal flow model. In addition, the scale-up effects (from laboratory-scale column to pilot-scale or field-scale demonstrations) on NZVI transport are reported. In this study, a thorough investigation on NZVI transport is conducted in a 2-D pilot-scale tank to shed some light on the transport performance of NZVI particles under conditions that are more close to actual circumstances. Finally, to calculate the deposition rate coefficient of metal nanoparticles during transport, a considerable number of studies on NZVI particles transport employed equations for predicting the single collector contact efficiency that are developed on the basis of the numerical calculations for common colloidal particles such as latex particles, which have smaller densities than those of metal particles. Taking the horizontal flow mode and the density effects for metal nanoparticles into consideration, a new methodology is developed in three dimensions (3-D) to more precisely predict the single collector efficiency of NZVI particles.In the first study, the influence of the molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte grafted on NZVI particle on its stability and transport was investigated. Three carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC) with different molecular weights (90,000 Da, 250,000 Da and 700,000 Da) were used to stabilize NZVI particles. The comparison of the results revealed that the stability and transport of NZVI particles were improved significantly by CMC with high molecular weight, due to its high viscosity property. In the second study, the effects of gravity on NZVI particle during its transport were extensively assessed in vertical and horizontal placed columns under different conditions (mean sand diameters and NZVI concentrations). The results indicated that the gravity forces significantly reduced NZVI particles transport in coarse sand and at high NZVI concentration in horizontally placed columns. To thoroughly study the impact of horizontal orientation flow on the transport of NZVI particles at a larger scale, a series of transport experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale 2-D tank. Furthermore, to address the challenges met in predicting the single collector efficiency in horizontal orientation flow mode, a methodology based on trajectory analysis of particles around a Happel sphere-in-cell model for porous media in 3-D was developed. " --

Aggregation and Transport of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles in Model Groundwater Systems

Author : Mohan Basnet
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis Aggregation and Transport of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles in Model Groundwater Systems by : Mohan Basnet

Download or read book Aggregation and Transport of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles in Model Groundwater Systems written by Mohan Basnet and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles are promising engineered nanomaterials for the in situ remediation of various environmental contaminants into innocuous products. In field applications, direct injection of NZVI into the subsurface has been suggested as a promising technique for achieving rapid remediation. However, challenges have been encountered in field application that includes passivation, aggregation and limited transport. Therefore, the success of site remediation using NZVI depends on the progress made to increase nanoparticle reactivity, reduce aggregation and improve mobility. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the aggregation and transport behavior of NZVI particles in environmentally relevant model groundwater environments. Palladium-doped NZVI (Pd-NZVI) was chosen to ensure heightened reactivity towards the contaminants to address the passivation problem whereas particle surface-modification with stabilizing polymers was investigated to reduce particle aggregation and concurrently improve transport. In this study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant was proposed for the first time as a novel stabilizing surface-modifier and its efficacy was compared with previously proposed surface-modifiers (carboxymethylcellulose and soy protein). By monitoring changes in particle hydrodynamic diameter as a function of time using dynamic light scattering followed by a systematic assessment of transport behavior in sand packed columns, it is shown that while bare Pd-NZVI is prone to rapid aggregation surface-modified Pd-NZVI exhibited good colloidal stability and improved transport at low ionic strengths (10 mM). In particular, rhamnolipid significantly enhanced transport even at much lower concentrations than the other surface modifiers (10 mg/L compared to 100 mg/L). However, an increase in solution ionic strength influenced both aggregation and transport behavior. Nonetheless, at the highest ionic strength tested, the transport of rhamnolipid-coated Pd-NZVI was significantly higher than that of Pd-NZVI coated with other surface modifiers suggesting that rhamnolipid is most suitable in field application.The transport potential of surface-modified Pd-NZVI was further examined in granular matrices of varied complexities: in quartz sand, in loamy sand and clay-amended quartz sand over a wide range of environmentally relevant ionic strengths. Data suggests that collector geochemical composition and heterogeneity can dramatically alter Pd-NZVI transport potential; markedly reduced transport potential was observed in loamy sand than in quartz sand.Given that microbes and biofilms are ubiquitous in the subsurface environment, the role of biofilm on Pd-NZVI transport was investigated by using biofilm-coated quartz sand to pack transport columns. Transport results showed heightened Pd-NZVI retention in the presence of biofilms suggesting that biofilms may act as a collector surface for nanoparticle retention in the groundwater environment. A viability assay suggests that the retained Pd-NZVI is non-toxic to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in biofilms. However, some inhibitory effect was observed to planktonic bacterial cells. Finally, considering the cost associated with the use of Pd, an alternative reactive nanoparticle, sulfidated NZVI (S-NZVI), was also studied whereby the aggregation and transport behavior of S-NZVI was systematically investigated in a wide range of environmentally relevant water chemistries. Data suggests that sulfidation can influence NZVI surface electrokinetic properties, and thus its stability and transport in granular matrices.Overall, this study makes a major impact in the field of environmental remediation as it addresses key aspects of nanotechnology-enabled site remediation, particularly aspects pertaining to nanoparticle surface coating, collector grain physical, geochemical and biological heterogeneity, and groundwater chemistry." --

Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment

Author : Jan Filip
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303029840X
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment by : Jan Filip

Download or read book Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment written by Jan Filip and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are proposing this comprehensive volume aimed at bridging and bonding of the theory and practical experiences for the elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil utilizing innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies and their possible combinations. Nowadays, a broad range of contaminants are emerging from the industry (and also representing old ecological burdens). Accidents and improper wastewater treatment requires a fast, efficient and cost-effective approach. Therefore, several innovative technologies of water and soil treatments have been invented and suggested in a number of published papers. Out of these, some nanotechnologies and biotechnologies (and possibly also their mutual combinations) turned out to be promising for practical utilization – i.e., based on both extensive laboratory testing and pilot-scale verification. With respect to the diverse character of targeted pollutants, the key technologies covered in this book will include oxidation, reduction, sorption and/or biological degradation. In relation to innovative technologies and new emerging pollutants mentioned in this proposed book, an important part will also cover the ecotoxicity of selected pollutants and novel nanomaterials used for remediation. Thus, this work will consist of 8 sections/chapters with a technical appendix as an important part of the book, where some technical details and standardized protocols will be clearly presented for their possible implementation at different contaminated sites. Although many previously published papers and books (or book chapters) are devoted to some aspects of nano-/biotechnologies, here we will bring a first complete and comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in innovative technologies with a clear demonstration of the applicability of particular methods based on results of the authors from pilot tests (i.e., based on the data collected within several applied projects, mainly national project “Environmentally friendly nanotechnologies and biotechnologies in water and soil treatment” of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and 7FP project NANOREM: “Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment”). This multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad audience including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers and toxicologists (and of course graduate students of diverse fields – material science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering etc.).

Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 1

Author : Liangtong Zhan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981132221X
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 1 by : Liangtong Zhan

Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 1 written by Liangtong Zhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected papers presented at the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG), held on October 28 - November 1, 2018 in Hangzhou, China. The theme of the congress is “Towards a Sustainable Geoenvironment”, which means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Under this theme, the congress covers a broad range of topics and provides an excellent opportunity for academics, engineers, scientists, government officials, regulators, and planners to present, discuss and exchange notes on the latest advances and developments in the research and application of environmental geotechnics.

In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

Author : Hans F. Stroo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441914013
Total Pages : 807 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes by : Hans F. Stroo

Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation

Author : Sung Hee Joo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781441921123
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation by : Sung Hee Joo

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation written by Sung Hee Joo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the suitability of nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) for degradation of agrochemicals for the purpose of developing a cost-effective treatment technology. It identifies by-products produced from the ZVI-mediated degradation process of particular contaminants, and clarifies the reaction mechanism by which ZVI degrades a chosen contaminant. It also assesses how the ZVI-based technology may be applied in complex, natural systems, the limitations to implementation, and possible avenues for further research which might improve the viability of the process.

21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook

Author : Klaus D. Sattler
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000702537
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook by : Klaus D. Sattler

Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 21st Century Nanoscience Handbook will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This eighth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanopharmaceuticals, nanomedicine, and food nanoscience. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.

Groundwater Engineering

Author : Rajandrea Sethi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030205169
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater Engineering by : Rajandrea Sethi

Download or read book Groundwater Engineering written by Rajandrea Sethi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook employs a technical and quantitative approach to explain subsurface hydrology and hydrogeology, and to offer a comprehensive overview of groundwater-related topics such as flow in porous media, aquifer characterization, contaminant description and transport, risk assessment, and groundwater remediation. It describes the characterization of subsurface flow of pristine and polluted water and provides readers with easily applicable tools for the design of water supply systems, drinking-water source protection, and remediation interventions. Specific applications range from groundwater exploitation as a drinking water supply to the remediation of contaminated aquifers, from the definition and safeguarding of drinking-water sources to the assessment of human health risks in connection with groundwater contamination events. The book represents an ideal learning resource for upper-undergraduate and graduate students of civil engineering, environmental engineering, and geology, as well as practitioners in the fields of water resource management and environmental protection who are interested in groundwater engineering and technical hydrogeology.

Field Scale Application of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron

Author : Michael Donald Kocur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Scale Application of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron by : Michael Donald Kocur

Download or read book Field Scale Application of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron written by Michael Donald Kocur and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis began by verifying that nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesis methods could be scaled up and implemented at the field scale in a safe manner. This led to successful demonstration of nZVI injection and mobility under constant head gravity injection into a contaminated utility corridor in Sarnia, Ontario. Where field studies have fallen short in the past was linking the somewhat qualitative field geochemical parameters to other evidence of nZVI transport. Definitive nZVI detection was elusive in previous field studies due to the highly reactive nature of the particles caused by their high surface area. nZVI was detected and characterized in this study using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, proving that field mobility was reliably achieved. The second study provides the first insight into the interactions and reaction that occur on an active field site immediately following nZVI injection. A fine temporal resolution of samples was used to define chlorinated ethene, ethane, and methane (cVOC) degradation among nZVI impacted zones, showing that these zones were distinct from areas that were not affected by nZVI. Building upon previous indirect evidence that nZVI enhances organohalide-respiring microorganisms, this study set out to prove that microbiological communities on sites were enhanced following injection. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to target Dehalococcoides spp. (dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase genes (vcrA). The distinct zones where nZVI treatment was applied subsequently had high abundances of dhc and vcrA. The qPCR methods presented in the second study can act as a template for future field investigation on nZVI. Finally, the long-term effects of the injection amendments nZVI and Carboxymethyl-cellulose were monitoring on the microbial communities on site. It was hypothesized that the organohalide-respiring species on site would be enriched and cVOC degradation would be sustained due to the polymer amendments that accompany nZVI injection. Over a two year period next-generation pyrosequencing, qPCR, and cVOC degradation were monitored, providing the first ever phylum level microbiological evaluation at a field site undergoing remediation.

Nano-Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications

Author : Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128241683
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Nano-Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications by : Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

Download or read book Nano-Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications written by Hafiz M. N. Iqbal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications explores how nano-bioremediation is used to remedy environmental pollutants. The book's chapters focus on the design, fabrication and application of advanced nanomaterials and their integration with biotechnological processes for the monitoring and treatment of pollutants in environmental matrices. It is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientists who are looking to increase their understanding of bioremediation at the nanoscale. The mitigation of environmental pollution is the biggest challenge to researchers and the scientific community, hence this book provides answers to some important questions. As an advanced hybrid technology, nano-bioremediation refers to the integration of nanomaterials and bioremediation for the remediation of pollutants. The rapid pace of urbanization, massive development of industrial sectors, and modern agricultural practices all cause a controlled or uncontrolled release of environmentally-related hazardous contaminants that are seriously threatening every key sphere, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and anthroposphere. Explores the current and potential applications of nano-bioremediation in the remediation of hazardous pollutants Outlines the major properties and classes of nanomaterials that make them efficient bioremediation agents Assesses the major challenges of effectively implementing bioremediation techniques at the nanoscale