Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Investigation On Porosity And Permeability Change Of Mount Simon Sandstone Knox County In Usa Under Geological Co2 Sequestration Conditions
Download Investigation On Porosity And Permeability Change Of Mount Simon Sandstone Knox County In Usa Under Geological Co2 Sequestration Conditions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investigation On Porosity And Permeability Change Of Mount Simon Sandstone Knox County In Usa Under Geological Co2 Sequestration Conditions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Investigation on Porosity and Permeability Change of Mount Simon Sandstone (Knox County, IN, USA) Under Geological CO2 Sequestration Conditions by :
Download or read book Investigation on Porosity and Permeability Change of Mount Simon Sandstone (Knox County, IN, USA) Under Geological CO2 Sequestration Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, a numerical model was developed to simulate reactive transport with porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (samples from Knox County, IN) after 180 days of exposure to CO2-saturated brine under CO2 sequestration conditions. The model predicted formation of a high-porosity zone adjacent to the surface of the sample in contact with bulk brine, and a lower porosity zone just beyond that high-porosity zone along the path from sample/bulk brine interface to sample core. The formation of the high porosity zone was attributed to dissolution of quartz and muscovite/illite, while the formation of the lower porosity zone adjacent to the aforementioned high porosity zone was attributed to precipitation of kaolinite and feldspar. The model predicted a 40% permeability increase for the Knox sandstone sample after 180 days of exposure to CO2-saturated brine, which was consistent with laboratory-measured permeability results. Model-predicted solution chemistry results were also found to be consistent with laboratory-measured solution chemistry data. Finally, initial porosity, initial feldspar content and the exponent n value (determined by pore structure and tortuosity) used in permeability calculations were three important factors affecting permeability evolution of sandstone samples under CO2 sequestration conditions.
Book Synopsis Characterization of the Mt. Simon Sandstone in Southwest Ohio for CO2 Sequestration by : Nicholas Leeper
Download or read book Characterization of the Mt. Simon Sandstone in Southwest Ohio for CO2 Sequestration written by Nicholas Leeper and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: CO2 sequestration in deep subsurface environments has been proposed as an innovative strategy to lessen the impact of burning fossil fuels on Earth's atmosphere. In order for CO2 sequestration to be effective, the target formation must have sufficient porosity, permeability, depth and thickness to store CO2. The Mt. Simon Sandstone, a Cambrian arenite to arkosic sandstone in western Ohio may provide appropriate physical and mineralogical properties for effective CO2 sequestration. The goal of this research is to evaluate the Mt. Simon sandstone's volumetric capacities including connected porosity, pore size and pore volume, as well as to determine mineralogy and digenetic processes, to assess the formation's suitability for CO2 sequestration. Samples and measurements were performed on the ODGS 2627 Warren well, and on the ODGS 2843 Armco well to evaluate spatial continuity and vertical heterogeneity. Porosity and pore size distribution measurements were determined using mercury porosimetry and BET gas sorption. Grain size measurements were determined through the use of light microscopy. Results show a porosity range of 1-25%, a connected pore size range of 5-1612 nm, and a decrease in grain size from the base of the Mt. Simon Sandstone through the overlying Eau Claire Formation. Variations in porosity and pore size show that the formation is heterogeneous, changing substantially on a macro scale. Changes in grain size are representative of a transgressive depositional system. Mineralogical characterization of the target Mt. Simon Sandstone and surrounding formations used powder X-ray diffraction, SEM, and polarized light microscopy to show lithologic variations from arenite to feldspathic sandstone, with cementation that included quartz, illite, chlorite, carbonate, iron and titanium oxides, and iron sulfides. Results show heterogeneity in each formation that occurs laterally. Comparison of lithology and pore space reveals that mineralogy and diagenetic processes are the main factors controlling available pore space, and that clean quartz arenite provide the greatest porosity. CO2 storage calculations show that the Warren well location could hold up to 61.0 million metric tons, however this would not provide enough storage space to sustain a long term coal fire power plant.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media by : Matthias Grobe
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media written by Matthias Grobe and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, the concept of storing or permanently storing carbon dioxide in geological media has gained increasing attention as part of the important technology option of carbon capture and storage within a portfolio of options aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the earths atmosphere. This book is structured into eight parts, and, among other topics, provides an overview of the current status and challenges of the science, regional assessment studies of carbon dioxide geological sequestration potential, and a discussion of the economics and regulatory aspects of carbon dioxide sequestration.
Book Synopsis Effects of Surface Mineralogy and Roughness on CO2 Wettability of the Mount Simon Sandstone; Implications for Predicting CO2 Storage Capacity and Pore Scale Transport by : Julien Botto
Download or read book Effects of Surface Mineralogy and Roughness on CO2 Wettability of the Mount Simon Sandstone; Implications for Predicting CO2 Storage Capacity and Pore Scale Transport written by Julien Botto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wettability is a key reservoir characteristic influencing geological carbon sequestration (GCS) processes such as CO2 transport and storage capacity. Wettability is often determined on limited number of reservoir samples by measuring the contact angle at the CO2/brine/mineral interface, but the ability to predict this value has not been explored. In this work, minerals comprising a natural reservoir sample were identified, and the influence of their surface roughness, surface charge, and location in the sample on contact angle was quantified to evaluate controlling mechanisms and predictive models. A core sample was obtained from Mount Simon formation, a representative siliciclastic reservoir that is the site of Department of Energy CO2 injection project. Quartz, microcline, illite, hematite, illite + hematite were identified as dominant minerals in the core, and contact angle [greek small letter theta] measurements were conducted over a wide range of pressure (290-3625 psi) at 400C. At supercritical conditions, individual minerals and the Mount Simon sample were strongly water wet, with contact angles between 270 and 450 and contact angle generally increased with surface roughness, suggesting that brine is trapped in roughness pits between CO2 and the substrate. There was no relationship between contact angle and surface charge. A thin section of the Mount Simon sandstone was examined with a compound light microscope, and reddish precipitates coating quartz and feldspar grains were apparent. These were evaluated with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). ESEM images show precipitate morphology that is consistent with clay coatings. The EDS results identify regions of the precipitate with high iron content. Several predictive models for contact angle were evaluated, including the Wenzel, and Cassie-Baxter models, plus new modifications of these that account for alternative surface roughness geometries and/or the fraction of different minerals comprising the reservoir sample surface. Modeling results suggest the fraction of illite/hematite covering Mount Simon grain surfaces is the most important reservoir characteristics that control wettability. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides mechanistic insights into the characteristics of individual minerals affecting the wettability of a natural reservoir sample.
Book Synopsis Geomechanical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Aspects of Co2 Injection Into Saline Reservoirs by : Maziar Foroutan
Download or read book Geomechanical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Aspects of Co2 Injection Into Saline Reservoirs written by Maziar Foroutan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide Capturing, and Sequestration (CCS) is a promising technique that helps mitigate the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. CCS process mainly involves capturing CO2 at the industrial plant, followed by transportation and injection into a suitable geological storage, under supercritical conditions. Saline aquifers are among the best geological storage candidates due to their availability, high storage capacity and injectivity. Despite the CCUS technology promise, several public safety concerns remain to be address, including but not limited to reservoir/wellbore stability and integrity, CO2 leakage, ground deformation (uplift) and induced seismicity. The injected supercritical CO2 is trapped through different mechanisms in the host reservoir including (i) structural and stratigraphic trapping, (ii) residual trapping, (iii) solubility trapping, and (iv) mineral trapping. Dissolution of CO2 into the formation brine creates an acidic environment, which is highly reactive. The potential mineral dissolution in reservoir rocks can enhance the storage capacity and reservoir injectivity, while the secondary precipitation of minerals can decrease the storage capacity and injectivity. However, the geochemical processes triggered by CO2 injection can potentially degrade the mechanical properties of the reservoir rock, which can consequently disturb the wellbore-stability, reservoir integrity, and lead to significant reservoir compaction. Furthermore, injecting CO2 changes the stress-regime by increasing pore-pressure in the reservoir and its surroundings, which can potentially reactivate the existing faults, leading to induced seismicity. In this research, experiments were performed to evaluate the variation of porosity and pore-connectivity of intact sandstone specimens upon injecting CO2-enriched brine. In addition, the permeability evolution during the CO2-enriched brine injection process was evaluated under different reservoir condition. The mechanical impacts of injecting CO2-enriched brine were evaluated by comparing the mechanical properties (i.e., elastic, strength, seismic and time dependent properties) before and after injecting CO2-enriched brine. In addition, to evaluate the response of fractured reservoirs to CO2 injection, CO2-enriched brine was injected into a limestone and varyingly cemented (i.e., calcite and quartz cemented) sandstone specimens that were artificially fractured. The experimental results were used to numerically simulate CO2 injection into a core-scale porous medium to investigate the changes in CO2 concentration and mass transfer mechanism under different porosity, permeability, and injection pressure values. The experimental results of injecting CO2-enrihed brine to the intact (non-fractured) specimens revealed permeability enhancement and mechanical weakening caused by mineral dissolution. The extent of changes in permeability and mechanical properties of rock specimens varied under different reservoir conditions (i.e., pressure, salinity, and temperature). The mechanical weakening increased the possibility of induced seismicity, which consequently resulted in decreasing the allowable injection pressure of CO2. However, the permeability increase resulted in enhancing CO2 mass transfer and accelerating the solubility trapping in the brine aquifer.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Numerical Study of the Relations Among Permeability, Porosity, and Microstructure in Mt. Simon Sandstone by : Pedro Luis Vaticon
Download or read book Laboratory and Numerical Study of the Relations Among Permeability, Porosity, and Microstructure in Mt. Simon Sandstone written by Pedro Luis Vaticon and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petrophysical Modeling and Simulation Study of Geological CO2 Sequestration by : Xianhui Kong
Download or read book Petrophysical Modeling and Simulation Study of Geological CO2 Sequestration written by Xianhui Kong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have recently become the significant focus of engineering research. The geological sequestration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) is one approach that has been proposed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and slow down global warming. Geological sequestration involves the injection of produced CO2 into subsurface formations and trapping the gas through many geological mechanisms, such as structural trapping, capillary trapping, dissolution, and mineralization. While some progress in our understanding of fluid flow in porous media has been made, many petrophysical phenomena, such as multi-phase flow, capillarity, geochemical reactions, geomechanical effect, etc., that occur during geological CO2 sequestration remain inadequately studied and pose a challenge for continued study. It is critical to continue to research on these important issues. Numerical simulators are essential tools to develop a better understanding of the geologic characteristics of brine reservoirs and to build support for future CO2 storage projects. Modeling CO2 injection requires the implementation of multiphase flow model and an Equation of State (EOS) module to compute the dissolution of CO2 in brine and vice versa. In this study, we used the Integrated Parallel Accurate Reservoir Simulator (IPARS) developed at the Center for Subsurface Modeling at The University of Texas at Austin to model the injection process and storage of CO2 in saline aquifers. We developed and implemented new petrophysical models in IPARS, and applied these models to study the process of CO2 sequestration. The research presented in this dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part of the dissertation discusses petrophysical and computational models for the mechanical, geological, petrophysical phenomena occurring during CO2 injection and sequestration. The effectiveness of CO2 storage in saline aquifers is governed by the interplay of capillary, viscous, and buoyancy forces. Recent experimental data reveals the impact of pressure, temperature, and salinity on interfacial tension (IFT) between CO2 and brine. The dependence of CO2-brine relative permeability and capillary pressure on IFT is also clearly evident in published experimental results. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the migration and trapping of CO2 in the subsurface is crucial to design future storage projects for long-term, safe containment. We have developed numerical models for CO2 trapping and migration in aquifers, including a compositional flow model, a relative permeability model, a capillary model, an interfacial tension model, and others. The heterogeneities in porosity and permeability are also coupled to the petrophysical models. We have developed and implemented a general relative permeability model that combines the effects of pressure gradient, buoyancy, and capillary pressure in a compositional and parallel simulator. The significance of IFT variations on CO2 migration and trapping is assessed. The variation of residual saturation is modeled based on interfacial tension and trapping number, and a hysteretic trapping model is also presented. The second part of this dissertation is a model validation and sensitivity study using coreflood simulation data derived from laboratory study. The motivation of this study is to gain confidence in the results of the numerical simulator by validating the models and the numerical accuracies using laboratory and field pilot scale results. Published steady state, core-scale CO2/brine displacement results were selected as a reference basis for our numerical study. High-resolution compositional simulations of brine displacement with supercritical CO2 are presented using IPARS. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the Berea sandstone core was constructed using heterogeneous permeability and porosity distributions based on geostatistical data. The measured capillary pressure curve was scaled using the Leverett J-function to include local heterogeneity in the sub-core scale. Simulation results indicate that accurate representation of capillary pressure at sub-core scales is critical. Water drying and the shift in relative permeability had a significant impact on the final CO2 distribution along the core. This study provided insights into the role of heterogeneity in the final CO2 distribution, where a slight variation in porosity gives rise to a large variation in the CO2 saturation distribution. The third part of this study is a simulation study using IPARS for Cranfield pilot CO2 sequestration field test, conducted by the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) at The University of Texas at Austin. In this CO2 sequestration project, a total of approximately 2.5 million tons supercritical CO2 was injected into a deep saline aquifer about ~10000 ft deep over 2 years, beginning December 1st 2009. In this chapter, we use the simulation capabilities of IPARS to numerically model the CO2 injection process in Cranfield. We conducted a corresponding history-matching study and got good agreement with field observation. Extensive sensitivity studies were also conducted for CO2 trapping, fluid phase behavior, relative permeability, wettability, gravity and buoyancy, and capillary effects on sequestration. Simulation results are consistent with the observed CO2 breakthrough time at the first observation well. Numerical results are also consistent with bottomhole injection flowing pressure for the first 350 days before the rate increase. The abnormal pressure response with rate increase on day 350 indicates possible geomechanical issues, which can be represented in simulation using an induced fracture near the injection well. The recorded injection well bottomhole pressure data were successfully matched after modeling the fracture in the simulation model. Results also illustrate the importance of using accurate trapping models to predict CO2 immobilization behavior. The impact of CO2/brine relative permeability curves and trapping model on bottom-hole injection pressure is also demonstrated.
Book Synopsis Characterization of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Formations for CO2 Sequestration, Scioto County, Ohio by : Brad Allen Hull
Download or read book Characterization of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Formations for CO2 Sequestration, Scioto County, Ohio written by Brad Allen Hull and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Carbon dioxide sequestration into porous rock intervals beneath the Earth's surface is an emerging technique of reducing the amounts gaseous CO2 emitted by energy production through the burning of coal/peat. Target intervals of rock must have sufficient pore space, permeability, thickness, depth from the surface, and must be located beneath an impermeable geologic seal to serve as a reservoir for the sequestration of supercritical CO2. The Upper Cambrian-Early Ordovician Knox Supergroup including the Copper Ridge Dolomite, Rose Run Sandstone, and Beekmantown Dolomite formations found within the Aristech Well in Scioto County, Ohio may have all the necessary requirements to serve as a viable combination of CO2 reservoir and geologic seal. This research seeks to characterize samples drawn from these formations on the basis of petrography, porosity, pore size and distribution, permeability, bulk mineralogy, and brine chemistry to distinguish suitable sequestration horizons in conjunction with an overlying caprock. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction analyses established a porous and permeable reservoir interval including the upper Copper Ridge and entire Rose Run overlain by the impermeable Beekmantown Dolomite. The Rose Run Sandstone was the most favorable for CO2 storage, while vertical heterogeneity within the Copper Ridge Dolomite limited the reservoir thickness. Porosity measurements for the reservoir were between 3 and 8%, permeability was 16-50 mDarcies, while the caprock porosity was 1% and permeability of 7 mDarcies. Porosity and pore size distribution between and within samples is controlled by mineralogy, mineral nucleation, diagenesis, and heterogeneity. Volumetric estimations show that the Copper Ridge/Rose Run reservoir could hold up to 5.6 million metric tonnes of supercritical CO2 under the most favorable conditions.
Book Synopsis Potential Effects of Deep-well Waste Disposal in Western New York by : Roger M. Waller
Download or read book Potential Effects of Deep-well Waste Disposal in Western New York written by Roger M. Waller and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Carbon Sequestration Potential of the Cambro-Ordovician Strata of the Illinois and Michigan Basins by :
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Carbon Sequestration Potential of the Cambro-Ordovician Strata of the Illinois and Michigan Basins written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies summarized herein were conducted during 2009-2014 to investigate the utility of the Knox Group and St. Peter Sandstone deeply buried geologic strata for underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), a practice called CO2 sequestration (CCS). In the subsurface of the midwestern United States, the Knox and associated strata extend continuously over an area approaching 500,000 sq. km, about three times as large as the State of Illinois. Although parts of this region are underlain by the deeper Mt. Simon Sandstone, which has been proven by other Department of Energy-funded research as a resource for CCS, the Knox strata may be an additional CCS resource for some parts of the Midwest and may be the sole geologic storage (GS) resource for other parts. One group of studies assembles, analyzes, and presents regional-scale and point-scale geologic information that bears on the suitability of the geologic formations of the Knox for a CCS project. New geologic and geo-engineering information was developed through a small-scale test of CO2 injection into a part of the Knox, conducted in western Kentucky. These studies and tests establish the expectation that, at least in some locations, geologic formations within the Knox will (a) accept a commercial-scale flow rate of CO2 injected through a drilled well; (b) hold a commercial-scale mass of CO2 (at least 30 million tons) that is injected over decades; and (c) seal the injected CO2 within the injection formations for hundreds to thousands of years. In CCS literature, these three key CCS-related attributes are called injectivity, capacity, and containment. The regional-scale studies show that reservoir and seal properties adequate for commercial-scale CCS in a Knox reservoir are likely to extend generally throughout the Illinois and Michigan Basins. Information distinguishing less prospective subregions from more prospective fairways is included in this report. Another group of studies report the results of reservoir flow simulations that estimate the progress and outcomes of hypothetical CCS projects carried out within the Knox (particularly within the Potosi Dolomite subunit, which, in places, is highly permeable) and within the overlying St. Peter Sandstone. In these studies, the regional-scale information and a limited amount of detailed data from specific boreholes is used as the basis for modeling the CO2 injection process (dynamic modeling). The simulation studies were conducted progressively, with each successive study designed to refine the conclusions of the preceding one or to answer additional questions. The simulation studies conclude that at Decatur, Illinois or a geologically similar site, the Potosi Dolomite reservoir may provide adequate injectivity and capacity for commercial-scale injection through a single injection well. This conclusion depends on inferences from seismic-data attributes that certain highly permeable horizons observed in the wells represent laterally persistent, porous vuggy zones that are vertically more common than initially evident from wellbore data. Lateral persistence of vuggy zones is supported by isotopic evidence that the conditions that caused vug development (near-surface processes) were of regional rather than local scale. Other studies address aspects of executing and managing a CCS project that targets a Knox reservoir. These studies cover well drilling, public interactions, representation of datasets and conclusions using geographic information system (GIS) platforms, and risk management.
Book Synopsis Petrogenesis and Petrophysics of Selected Sandstone Reservoirs of the Rocky Mountain Region by : Sanford Sandy Kaplan
Download or read book Petrogenesis and Petrophysics of Selected Sandstone Reservoirs of the Rocky Mountain Region written by Sanford Sandy Kaplan and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantifying Contributions to the Variance of Permeability and Porosity Within the Western Belt Sandstones of the Cypress Formation, Illinois Basin by : Nathaniel Frederick Dulaney
Download or read book Quantifying Contributions to the Variance of Permeability and Porosity Within the Western Belt Sandstones of the Cypress Formation, Illinois Basin written by Nathaniel Frederick Dulaney and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the strategies for reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and mitigating its accumulation into the Earth's atmosphere is geologic sequestration (GSCO2). This process might be paired with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) within depleted oil reservoirs to provide an economic incentive for GSCO2. Heterogeneity within reservoirs (e.g. spatial differences in entry pressure, permeability, and porosity) can exert significant influence on the dynamics of fluid flow during EOR and GSCO2, and thus on the ultimate success of GSCO2-EOR. The Western Belt sandstones of the Cypress Formation in the Illinois Basin are candidate reservoirs for GSCO2-EOR. Heterogeneity in the Western Belt reservoir rock was analyzed by quantifying contributions to the variance of log-permeability and porosity that arise from differences in primary depositional factors (grain size and bedding structure) and secondary diagenetic factors (compaction and cementation). The greatest contribution to the variance in log-permeability and porosity arises from the differences in means between grain-size units, including lower very-fine sand, upper very-fine sand, lower fine sand, upper fine sand, and lower medium sand unit types. The variance within these unit types also makes a significant contribution. Differences in mean log-permeability or porosity between types of bedding structures contributes little to the variance, and the grain size and bedding structure factors are relatively uncorrelated. Differences in the amount of diagenetic cementation and compaction do not contribute appreciably to the variance in permeability and porosity. These results are based on a limited number of research-quality rock cores extracted from the Western Belt reservoir. More cores should be obtained and studied in this way to assess the generality of these findings within the Western Belt reservoir.
Book Synopsis Hydrology of the Forest City Basin, Mid-continent, USA by : Christopher R. Burrows
Download or read book Hydrology of the Forest City Basin, Mid-continent, USA written by Christopher R. Burrows and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to perform a preliminary assessment of the stratigraphy, storage capacity, hydrology and mineraology of this basin to determine its suitability and structural trapping capacity for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. The basin is stratigraphically suited in that it contains the St. Peter Sandstone, a high permeability aquifer which is overlain by multiple low permeability units. These should act as a seal to prevent the upward migration of injected CO2. Construction of a three dimensional stratigraphic model produces storage capacity estimates within the St. Peter ranging from 5.2 to 830 megatonnes CO2. Groundwater modeling results highlight potential areas of flow stagnation and a predominately lateral flow regime within the St. Peter Sandstone. This, coupled with relatively low flow velocities in most model scenarios, indicates that CO2 as a dissolved phase in groundwater is not likely to escape the basin through lateral migration in less than 1,000 years, the commonly accepted performance standard for sequestration (Hepple and Benson, 2005). Mineralogical analysis also indicates a grain matrix composed almost entirely of quartz which is non-reactive with CO2; this indicates that dissolution of the grain matrix upon injection is not likely to occur and result in any loss of conductivity or porosity through grain collapse. The preliminary results presented in this study indicate that the Forest City Basin is indeed suitable for carbon sequestration and warrants further investigation.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numarical Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers by :
Download or read book Experimental and Numarical Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Started as an EOR technique to produce oil, injection of carbon dioxide which is essentially a greenhouse gas is becoming more and more important. Although there are a number of mathematical modeling studies, experimental studies are limited and most studies focus on injection into sandstone reservoirs as opposed to carbonate ones. This study presents the results of computerized tomography (CT) monitored laboratory experiments to characterize relevant chemical reactions associated with injection and storage of CO2 in carbonate formations. Porosity changes along the core plugs and the corresponding permeability changes are reported for varying CO2 injection rates, temperature and salt concentrations. CT monitored experiments are designed to model fast near well bore flow and slow reservoir flows. It was observed that either a permeability improvement or a permeability reduction can be obtained. The trend of change in rock properties is very case dependent because it is related to distribution of pores, brine composition and as well the thermodynamic conditions. As the salt concentration decreased the porosity and thus the permeability decrease was less pronounced. Calcite scaling is mainly influenced by orientation and horizontal flow resulted in larger calcite deposition compared to vertical flow. The duration of CO2 – rock contact and the amount of area contacted by CO2 seems to have a more pronounced effect compared to rate effect. The experiments were modeled using a multi-phase, non-isothermal commercial simulator where solution and deposition of calcite were considered by the means of chemical reactions. The calibrated model was then used to analyze field scale injections and to model the potential CO2 sequestration capacity of a hypothetical carbonate aquifer formation. It was observed that solubility and hydrodynamic storage of CO2 is larger compared to mineral trapping.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Impact of Super-critical C02 Injection Into the St. Peter Sandstone Formation Within the Illinois Basin by : Richard Michael Thomas
Download or read book Geochemical Impact of Super-critical C02 Injection Into the St. Peter Sandstone Formation Within the Illinois Basin written by Richard Michael Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep injection of waste CO2 and fluids from regional energy plants into the St. Peter Formation of the Illinois Basin, could effectively provide long term deep geologic storage. This research aims to explore the viability of this proposed injection. There are some basic criteria that must be met to effectively store waste in a geologic reservoir. First, the reservoir must have sufficient porosity and permeability for both injectivity and for migration of the injected fluid through the reservoir. Second, the reservoir must be overlain by some form of impermeable seal or cap layer(s). Third, the reservoir should be sufficiently isolated from interaction with surface and near surface water. Finally, the formation must contain enough storage volume to handle significant amounts of injected material. Massive sandstone formations that host large saline aquifers have the potential to serve as high capacity storage sites. Much of the research targeting the potential suitability and storage capacity attributes of these formations has been promising, but reproducibility of the results has been less than ideal. Some of this variability has been attributed to petrological differences in the sandstone reservoirs that are not readily evident when studying the target formation over a geographically significant area. Based on the criteria, a promising candidate for injection and storage is the St. Peter Sandstone of the Illinois Basin. This study investigates the viability of liquefied CO2 storage within the St. Peter Sandstone on a micro scale. Initial porosity and permeability of the formation plug samples ranged from 16% to 19% and 26 to 981 millidarcies (mD), respectively. The wide difference in permeability is attributed to variations in strength of the cement, in this case quartz overgrowth in the sandstone. This preliminary evidence indicates that the storage capacity of the formation will remain constant or increase depending on injection location, suggesting that the St. Peter Formation will lend itself well to future storage.
Book Synopsis Chemo-mechanical Impacts on Morrow B Sandstone Reservoir and Caprock in an Active Carbon Dioxide Injection Project, Farnsworth Field Unit, Texas by : Benjamin Adu-Gyamfi
Download or read book Chemo-mechanical Impacts on Morrow B Sandstone Reservoir and Caprock in an Active Carbon Dioxide Injection Project, Farnsworth Field Unit, Texas written by Benjamin Adu-Gyamfi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geochemical process was activated by modeling three intra-aqueous reactions and six mineral reactions. The geochemical reactions, including mineral precipitation and dissolution, lead to petrophysical property alteration that affects fluid migration and CO2 storage. In addition, the geomechanical effects considered were the stress-induced porosity and permeability changes. The CO2 storage mechanisms considered in this study include structural, solubility, residual gas, and mineral trapping. To investigate the long-term fate of the injected CO2, the integrity of the Morrow shale caprock was examined.The simulation results indicated that geomechanical processes significantly affected the petrophysical properties of the Morrow B reservoir and caprock more than the geochemical reactions had. The most significant amount of CO2 was stored due to structural, making the caprock integrity analysis crucial. However, the caprock proved to be stable and far from mechanical failure.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Coupled Chemo-hydro-mechanical Processes with Discrete Element Modeling by : Zhuang Sun
Download or read book Investigation of Coupled Chemo-hydro-mechanical Processes with Discrete Element Modeling written by Zhuang Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage of CO2 is proposed as a near-term economically viable approach to mitigate CO2 emissions, and is an example of the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical processes. Although CO2 injection and enhanced oil recovery are viewed as mature technologies in the oil and gas industry, investigation of all possible implications is necessary for secure and effective long-term CO2 storage. The injection of a large volume of CO2 into target storage formations is usually associated with a number of geomechanical processes that are initiated at the pore scale. Therefore, a pore-scale geomechanical model, i.e. Discrete Element Method (DEM), is of great importance to better understand the underlying pore-scale processes and mechanisms that govern the large-scale CO2 geological storage. In this work, we concentrate on several significant pore-scale coupled phenomena. Firstly, CO2 injection into geological formations involves chemo-mechanical processes and shifts the geochemical equilibrium between the minerals and resident brine, which subsequently induces mineral-brine-CO2 reactions and affects CO2 storage mechanical integrity. We utilize a numerical model that couples the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Bonded-Particle Model (BPM) to perform simulations on synthetic rocks that mimic tested rock samples. Numerical results, in agreement with experimental evidence, show that both cement and particle dissolution significantly contribute to rock weakening in sandstones with carbonate/hematite cements and pore-filling carbonate. Secondly, reservoir compaction involves hydro-mechanical processes that induce changes in porosity and permeability, and is a significant concern for the oil and gas production. We develop a grain crushing model based on the DEM to investigate the changes in porosity and permeability under the reservoir stress path. Grain crushing is shown to be the dominant mechanism for significant changes in porosity and permeability under a high effective stress. Samples consisting of large and soft grains tend to be more readily compacted. Finally, fluid injection in the subsurface may induce fractures and is another common hydro-mechanical process. We couple the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to solve for the mechanics of a solid granular medium and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model fluid flow and drag forces. We validate the resolved CFD-DEM numerical model against experiments from the literature and investigate the impact of physical properties and injection parameters. This work reveals how the pore-scale processes contribute to fluid-driven fracture initiation
