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Investigation Of Turbulent Mixing Processes
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Book Synopsis Investigation of Turbulent Mixing Processes by : K. Viktorin
Download or read book Investigation of Turbulent Mixing Processes written by K. Viktorin and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With water as driving medium and delivered medium in a device similar to a simple jet apparatus, the pressure and velocity fields of the mixing zone were explored with a pitot bar; the ratio of delivered to driving volume ranged between the values 0, 1, 2, and 4. An attempt was also made to analyze the mixing flow mathematically by integration of the equation of motion, with the aid of conventional formulas for the turbulent shearing stress, but this succeeded only approximately for the very simplified case that a driving jet is introduced in an unlimited parallel flow, while the pressure over the whole mixing field is assumed to be constant. In spite of these dissimilar assumptions for the theory and the experiment, the form of the measured and the computed velocity profiles indicates a very high degree of approximation. The pressure rise, which was approximated by Flugel's formulas, disclosed good agreement with the measured values.
Book Synopsis Turbulence in Mixing Operations by : Robert Brodkey
Download or read book Turbulence in Mixing Operations written by Robert Brodkey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulence in Mixing Operations: Theory and Application to Mixing and Reaction presents a summary of the current status of research on turbulent motion, mixing, and kinetics. Each chapter of this book discusses turbulence in the context of mixing and reaction in scalar fields. Chapters I and III discuss the classification of turbulent reacting systems and the different possibilities in this context. Chapter II reviews the properties of passive mixing. Chapter IV looks at turbulent mixing in chemically reactive flows. Chapter V uses different techniques to make parallel numerical calculations of both mixing and reaction. Finally, Chapter VI reviews turbulence and actual industrial mixing operations. This book will be of great value for chemical and industrial engineers, especially for those interested in turbulent and industrial mixing.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Precipitation Processes Carried Out in Stirred Tank Reactors by : Lars Vicum
Download or read book Investigation of the Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Precipitation Processes Carried Out in Stirred Tank Reactors written by Lars Vicum and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigations of the Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Cloud Microphysical Processes by : Katrin Lehmann
Download or read book Experimental Investigations of the Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Cloud Microphysical Processes written by Katrin Lehmann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of the Turbulent Mixing on Non-homogeneous Coaxial Jets by : Louis J. Alpinieri
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Turbulent Mixing on Non-homogeneous Coaxial Jets written by Louis J. Alpinieri and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results on the turbulent mixing process between carbon dioxide and hydrogen central jets exhausting into a moving concentric stream of air are presented. The diffusion of mass and momentum only are considered, since both streams are at approximately equal temperature. The flow velocities are in the low to high subsonic range. Principal points of investigation are the condition of equal velocity between jets and the condition of equal mass flow per unit area between jets. Radial and axial distributions of concentration and velocity are presented. On the basis of the measurements it is concluded that no tendency towards segregation of the stream exists when either the velocities or the mass flows of the streams are equal. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the product of local density and eddy kinematic viscosity coefficient can be assumed to be solely dependent upon the axial coordinate. In agreement with previous results it is found that mass diffuses more readily than momentum. Finally, a formulation of the eddy viscosity and eddy diffusivity coefficients that adequately describe the results obtained is derived. (Author).
Book Synopsis Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics by : Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications
Download or read book Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics written by Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Mixing of Fluids with Different Dynamically Significant Scales by : Barry Lee Gilbert
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Mixing of Fluids with Different Dynamically Significant Scales written by Barry Lee Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research on Augmentation of Turbulent Mixing by : Anatol Roshko
Download or read book Research on Augmentation of Turbulent Mixing written by Anatol Roshko and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research problems studied under this contract may be grouped into the following broad categories: (A) Description of the mechanics of mixing in turbulent shear layers and the role of the large and small structure in these processes; (B) Investigation of methods for modifying and enhancing the mixing; (C) Development of experimental methods and instrumentation to facilitate the above; and (D) Theoretical interpretations and models of the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Optical Measurements of Mixing Processes in Turbulent Fluid Flows by : Huixin Li
Download or read book Optical Measurements of Mixing Processes in Turbulent Fluid Flows written by Huixin Li and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many processes in chemical engineering and oceanography rely on fluid mixing. This thesis focuses on optical measurement techniques to experimentally investigate miscible liquid-liquid mixing and gas-liquid mixing. Previous numerical studies have examined the turbulent small-scale mixing, which is experimentally challenging because of the limited spatial resolution of the measurement techniques. A further difficulty emerges for active fluid mixing. When fluids of different densities, such as water and ethanol are mixed, experimental measurements for the small-scale fluctuations in turbulence are impeded by the optical distortion due to the spatio-temporally varying refractive index field. In this thesis, in order to investigate small-scale liquid-liquid mixing, an upscaled T-mixer was built with a height of 40 millimetres. A planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) with high resolution was employed in proof-of-concept experiments concerning the T-junction. The results indicate that measuring the small-scale mixing in the viscous-convective range where the velocity does not fluctuate, but the scalar does, is possible. Subsequently, long inlet channels were added to the T-junction and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to verify the fully developed laminar flows and to investigate the flow regimes for different Reynolds numbers. It was found that the present setup can achieve inlet conditions with fully developed laminar flows when the Reynolds number is smaller than 1100. The setup was validated by repeating the flow regimes in previous studies. However, small temperature differences had a weak effect on flow regimes, which should be avoided in the next measurements. Overall, high-quality measuring of the small-scale mixing dynamics in the T-mixer is now within reach. For active mixing with fluids of different densities, mixing usually causes optical measurement errors. In this thesis, a ray tracing simulation method is used in a three-dimensional flow to quantify the measurement errors of the flow velocity and flow acceleration for tracer-based velocimetry, i.e., particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). The flow field is from a direct numerical simulation of single-phase turbulent mixing of two miscible fluids. The measurement errors increase with increasing the refractive index difference. The errors of both velocity and acceleration are attributed to the spatial and the spatio-temporal gradients of the refractive indices. Since PTV, PIV and PLIF share the same working principles based on geometric optics, the findings are also assumed to hold for the measurements of other techniques. The thermal effect in the T-mixer on the measurement errors is subsequently estimated and found to be negligible. Finally, gas-liquid mixing is examined, in which a weakly soluble gas is transferred across the gas-liquid interface. This process is related to the climate balance and depends on surface waves and turbulence underneath the water in the ocean. Utilizing the refraction at the interface and optical displacements, a synthetic Schlieren method is developed to measure the surface topography. This method is implemented in experiments and allows high-accuracy measurements of free surface waves. This makes it feasible to implement simultaneous measurements of surface waves, mass transportation and turbulence under the water.
Book Synopsis Investigating Turbulent Mixing Processes in the Seasonally-stratified Western Irish Sea by : Timothy Michael Beckett
Download or read book Investigating Turbulent Mixing Processes in the Seasonally-stratified Western Irish Sea written by Timothy Michael Beckett and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Reactions in Turbulent Mixing Flows by : Paul E. Dimotakis
Download or read book Chemical Reactions in Turbulent Mixing Flows written by Paul E. Dimotakis and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This program focused on fundamental investigations of mixing, chemical-reaction, and combustion processes, in turbulent, subsonic, and supersonic free-shear flows. The program was comprised of an experimental effort; an analytical, modeling, and computational effort; and a diagnostics, instrumentation, and data-acquisition-development effort, with significant progress in each. With regard to gas-phase shear-layer mixing and combustion, effects of inflow/initial conditions, compressibility, and Reynolds number were experimentally investigated and, to a large extent, clarified. New measures to characterize level sets in turbulence were developed and successfully employed to characterize experimental data of liquid-phase turbulent-jet flows as well as three-dimensional direct-numerical-simulation data of Rayleigh-Taylor-instability flows. The computational effort has added to our understanding of the (H2+NO)/F2 chemical system employed in the shear-layer-mixing investigations as well as mixing in high-speed flows, along with further developments in Riemann-Invariant-Manifold gasdynamic simulation techniques and their application to unsteady detonation phenomena. On the diagnostic front, developments in digital imaging and Image Correlation Velocimetry have continued, and been used to investigate turbulent-jet mixing, the unsteady flow over an accelerating airfoil, to mitigate aliasing problems in the computer reconstruction of (2+1)-dimensional isosurface data, and in other applications.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Study of Molecular Mixing Dynamics in Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Flows by : Nicholas J. Mueschke
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Study of Molecular Mixing Dynamics in Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Flows written by Nicholas J. Mueschke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments and simulations were performed to examine the complex processes that occur in Rayleigh-Taylor driven mixing. A water channel facility was used to examine a buoyancy-driven Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer. Measurements of fluctuating density statistics and the molecular mixing parameter [theta] were made for Pr = 7 (hot/cold water) and Sc ~ 103 (salt/fresh water) cases. For the hot/cold water case, a high-resolution thermocouple was used to measure instantaneous temperature values that were related to the density field via an equation of state. For the Sc ~ 103 case, the degree of molecular mixing was measured by monitoring a diffusion-limited chemical reaction between the two fluid streams. The degree of molecular mixing was quantified by developing a new mathematical relationship between the amount of chemical product formed and the density variance /pr2. Comparisons between the Sc = 7 and Sc ~ 103 cases are used to elucidate the dependence of [theta] on the Schmidt number. To further examine the turbulent mixing processes, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) model of the Sc = 7 water channel experiment was constructed to provide statistics that could not be experimentally measured. To determine the key physical mechanisms that influence the growth of turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layers, the budgets of the exact mean mass fraction ~m1, turbulent kinetic energy ~E", turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ~e", mass fraction variance ~m1"2, and mass fraction variance dissipation rate ~x" equations were examined. The budgets of the unclosed turbulent transport equations were used to quantitatively assess the relative magnitudes of different production, dissipation, transport, and mixing processes. Finally, three-equation (~E"~-e"~-m1"2) and four-equation (~E"~-e"~-m1"2~-X") turbulent mixing models were developed and calibrated to predict the degree of molecular mixing within a Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer. The DNS data sets were used to assess the validity of and calibrate the turbulent viscosity, gradient-diffusion, and scale-similarity closures a priori. The modeled transport equations were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical simulation code and were shown to accurately reproduce the experimental and DNS results a posteriori. The calibrated model parameters from the Sc = 7 case were used as the starting point for determining the appropriate model constants for the mass fraction variance ~m1"2 transport equation for the Sc ~ 103 case.
Book Synopsis Multiphase Particulate Systems in Turbulent Flows by : Wioletta Podgórska
Download or read book Multiphase Particulate Systems in Turbulent Flows written by Wioletta Podgórska and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase Particulate Systems in Turbulent Flows: Fluid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Dispersions provides methods necessary to analyze complex particulate systems and related phenomena including physical, chemical and mathematical description of fundamental processes influencing crystal size and shape, suspension rheology, interfacial area of drops and bubbles in extractors and bubble columns. Examples of mathematical model formulation for different processes taking place in such systems is shown. Discussing connections between turbulent mixing mechanisms and precipitation, it discusses influence of fine-scale structure of turbulence, including its intermittent character, on breakage of drops, bubbles, cells, plant cell aggregates. An important aspect of the mathematical modeling presented in the book is multi-fractal, taking into account the influence of internal intermittency on different phenomena. Key Features Provides detailed descriptions of dispersion processes in turbulent flow, interactions between dispersed entities, and continuous phase in a single volume Includes simulation models and validation experiments for liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, and solid-liquid dispersions in turbulent flows Helps reader learn formulation of mathematical models of breakage or aggregation processes using multifractal theory Explains how to solve different forms of population balance equations Presents a combination of theoretical and engineering approaches to particulate systems along with discussion of related diversity, with exercises and case studies
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781724301871 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Modeling Macro- And Micro-Scale Turbulent Mixing and Chemistry in Engine Exhaust Plumes by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Modeling Macro- And Micro-Scale Turbulent Mixing and Chemistry in Engine Exhaust Plumes written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation of turbulent mixing and chemical processes in the near-field plume and plume-vortex regimes has been successfully carried out recently using a reduced gas phase kinetics mechanism which substantially decreased the computational cost. A detailed mechanism including gas phase HOx, NOx, and SOx chemistry between the aircraft exhaust and the ambient air in near-field aircraft plumes is compiled. A reduced mechanism capturing the major chemical pathways is developed. Predictions by the reduced mechanism are found to be in good agreement with those by the detailed mechanism. With the reduced chemistry, the computer CPU time is saved by a factor of more than 3.5 for the near-field plume modeling. Distributions of major chemical species are obtained and analyzed. The computed sensitivities of major species with respect to reaction step are deduced for identification of the dominant gas phase kinetic reaction pathways in the jet plume. Both the near field plume and the plume-vortex regimes were investigated using advanced mixing models. In the near field, a stand-alone mixing model was used to investigate the impact of turbulent mixing on the micro- and macro-scale mixing processes using a reduced reaction kinetics model. The plume-vortex regime was simulated using a large-eddy simulation model. Vortex plume behind Boeing 737 and 747 aircraft was simulated along with relevant kinetics. Many features of the computed flow field show reasonable agreement with data. The entrainment of the engine plumes into the wing tip vortices and also the partial detrainment of the plume were numerically captured. The impact of fluid mechanics on the chemical processes was also studied. Results show that there are significant differences between spatial and temporal simulations especially in the predicted SO3 concentrations. This has important implications for the prediction of sulfuric acid aerosols in the wake and may partly explain the discrepancy between past numerical studies ...
Download or read book Mixing V1 written by Vincent Uhl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume 1 focuses on the mechanisms and applications of mixing in turbulent flow. This book discusses the theoretical and empirical methods that provide a basis for predicting the process as well as the mechanical performance characteristics of equipment used in different types of mixing operations. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the mixing process, which tends to reduce gradients or nonuniformities in properties, composition, or temperature of materials in bulk. This text then explores the mixing operations that involve the transfer of a component to or from an equipment surface or boundary. Other chapters discuss the kinds of problems that occur in the design and use of mixing equipment, including the selection of size, type, and operating conditions. The final chapter deals with heat transfer where agitation is provided by mechanical devices. Development, design, and operating engineers will find this book extremely useful.
Book Synopsis Advances in Compressible Turbulent Mixing by :
Download or read book Advances in Compressible Turbulent Mixing written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes some recent additions to original material prepared for the Princeton International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing, held in 1988. Workshop participants were asked to emphasize the physics of the compressible mixing process rather than measurement techniques or computational methods. Actual experimental results and their meaning were given precedence over discussions of new diagnostic developments. Theoretical interpretations and understanding were stressed rather than the exposition of new analytical model developments or advances in numerical procedures. By design, compressibility influences on turbulent mixing were discussed--almost exclusively--from the perspective of supersonic flow field studies. The papers are arranged in three topical categories: Foundations, Vortical Domination, and Strongly Coupled Compressibility. The Foundations category is a collection of seminal studies that connect current study in compressible turbulent mixing with compressible, high-speed turbulent flow research that almost vanished about two decades ago. A number of contributions are included on flow instability initiation, evolution, and transition between the states of unstable flow onset through those descriptive of fully developed turbulence. The Vortical Domination category includes theoretical and experimental studies of coherent structures, vortex pairing, vortex-dynamics-influenced pressure focusing. In the Strongly Coupled Compressibility category the organizers included the high-speed turbulent flow investigations in which the interaction of shock waves could be considered an important source for production of new turbulence or for the enhancement of pre-existing turbulence. Individual papers are processed separately.
Book Synopsis Chemical Reactions in Turbulent Mixing Flows by :
Download or read book Chemical Reactions in Turbulent Mixing Flows written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research conducted fundamental investigations of turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and combustion processes in turbulent, subsonic and supersonic flows. This program is comprised of an experimental effort, an analytical effort, a computational effort, a modeling effort, and a diagnostics development and data-acquisition effort; the latter as dictated by specific needs of the experimental part of the overall program. Our approach has been to carry out a series of detailed theoretical and experimental studies primarily in two, well-defined, fundamentally important flow fields: free shear layers and axisymmetric jets. To elucidate molecular transport effects, experiments and theory concern themselves with both liquids and gases, primarily in moderate to high Reynolds number flows. Modeling has been focused on both shear layers and turbulent jets, with an effort to include the physics of the molecular transport processes, as well as formulations of models that permit the full chemical kinetics of the combustion process to be incorporated. Our recent analytical efforts have concentrated on a hydrodynamic analysis of the stability of compressible shear layers. The computational studies are, at present, focussed at fundamental issues pertaining to the computational simulation of both compressible and incompressible flows.
