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Investigation Of The Magnetic Switching Behavior For The Thin Film Permalloy Deposited Over A Monolayer Of Nano Microspheres
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Book Synopsis Investigation of the Magnetic Switching Behavior for the Thin Film Permalloy Deposited Over a Monolayer of Nano/microspheres by : Zachary Minaker (Graduate student)
Download or read book Investigation of the Magnetic Switching Behavior for the Thin Film Permalloy Deposited Over a Monolayer of Nano/microspheres written by Zachary Minaker (Graduate student) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A curved surface and nanoscale structure can add to a thin film of magnetic material to produce interesting magnetic properties not shown in normal flat magnetic thin film. In this work, how magnetic properties of permalloy magnetic thin films deposited on the curved surface change from its dependence on several parameters was studied. The structured curvature was introduced by means of nanocapping a close-packed monolayer of nanospheres. Three different sizes, 400 nm, 1 [mu]m, and 10 [mu]m diameter nanospheres were used to produce monolayer templates. Focus was turned to the 10 m templates, since the fabrication of that template most consistently produced the more uniform monolayer and quickest to deposit. The primary goal of this study is to investigate how varying the thickness of permalloy from 10 nm to 80 nm changes the magnetic switching behavior. By Alternating Gradient Magnetometry, we study how the coercivity of magnetic hysteresis depends on the thickness of the structured permalloy thin film. Results reveal, when compared to flat permalloy thin films, the curved geometry of the monolayer structure significantly alters the coercivity of the thin film. The magnetic switching behavior of permalloy nanocaps contains both interesting linear and non-linear dependencies with respect to the film thickness.
Book Synopsis Fabrication of Closed-packed Nano/microspheres by Multi-step Spin-coating to Investigate the Magnetic Switching Behavior of Py and SmCo Nanostructures by : Victor M. De La Cruz
Download or read book Fabrication of Closed-packed Nano/microspheres by Multi-step Spin-coating to Investigate the Magnetic Switching Behavior of Py and SmCo Nanostructures written by Victor M. De La Cruz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A large area, monolayer of close-packed nano/microspheres can be used as a template or a mask to produce patterned nanostructures with interesting magnetic and optical properties. Spin-coating was used to create a densely packed monolayer of nano/microspheres of 400 nm, 1 [mu]m, and 10 [mu]m in diameter. To maximize the area of uniformly spin-coated monolayer of nano/microspheres, various parameters, such as spin speed, spin duration, and volume of the solution dispensed on the substrate, need to be adjusted. A multi-step spin-coating process was employed to increase the monolayer spread along with assisting in the evaporation process. After a systematic study of samples with Polystyrene and silica nano/microspheres made at various conditions, recipes for nano/microspheres of 400 nm, 1 [mu]m, and 10 [mu]m in diameter have been completed. Spin speed and spin duration turned out to be two critical tuning parameters to maximize the uniform deposition area. The chosen parameters yield 1 cm x 1 cm samples that are 90% covered with nano/microspheres. For 1 [mu]m diameter microspheres, monolayer areas of about 140 [mu]m x 100 [mu]m were obtained. For 10 [mu]m diameter microspheres, monolayer areas of about 4mm x 4mm were obtained. Silica nano/microspheres produced more uniform monolayers with less deformations than Polystyrene nano/microspheres. Permalloy or Samarium Cobalt were sputtered on the nano/microsphere templates. The magnetic properties of the nanocap layers were examined with an alternating gradient magnetometer and through the magneto-optical Kerr effect. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements suggest that the magnetic switching is dependent on the size of the nano/microsphere. In addition, magnetic antidot nanostructures were obtained by removing nano/microspheres using Scotch tape after magnetic materials are sputtered.
Book Synopsis Micromagnetic Simulation of Magnetic Switching Behavior of Permalloy Nanocaps by : Angel Gomez (Graduate student)
Download or read book Micromagnetic Simulation of Magnetic Switching Behavior of Permalloy Nanocaps written by Angel Gomez (Graduate student) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Magnetic hysteresis loops of Permalloy nanocap thin films are simulated using MuMax3, micromagnetic simulation program, to study the magnetic switching behavior of curved magnetic thin films such as nanocap. Four different shapes are introduced to construct a single nanocap used in the simulation. For a given shape, different thicknesses of the nanocap (20 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, and 100 nm) with a fixed diameter of 400 nm, and different diameters of nanosphere (400 nm, 600 nm, 800 nm, and 900 nm) with a fixed thickness of 20 nm were studied in the simulation. Simulation results were compared to investigate how the thickness and diameter will change the magnetic switching behavior of nanocap thin films. Hysteresis loops showed more drastic change with varying the thickness compared to the diameter. To check how the different ways of distributing the same amount of material will affect the hysteresis loops, magnetic hysteresis loops of the nanocaps in four different shapes with the same volume were compared. Based on the comparison among the different shapes the one showing the hysteresis loops with well-defined coercivity was chosen and further simulations on extended shapes were made. Seven nanocaps in a hexagonal pattern were simulated to observe how the interaction among the nanocaps changes the magnetic switching behavior of the system. To remove the edge effect, seven nanocaps were extended to a grid pattern where it maintains the self-assembled pattern with periodic boundary conditions. It was found that magnetic vortices were more likely to form when there was interaction among the nanocaps. The magnetic switching behavior of the grid resembled the hexagonal pattern and the single nanocap when the diameter was 600 nm and higher.
Book Synopsis Nanomagnetism and Spintronics by : Farzad Nasirpouri
Download or read book Nanomagnetism and Spintronics written by Farzad Nasirpouri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetism and spintronics are two close subfields of nanoscience, explaining the effect of substantial magnetic properties of matter when the materials fabrication is realized at a comparable length size. Nanomagnetism deals with the magnetic phenomena specific to the structures having dimensions in the submicron range. The fact that the electronic transport properties of materials are dependent on the magnetic properties' artificial nanostructures, i.e., giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), has revolutionized spintronics science and technology. This book explains the concepts of nanomagnetism and spintronics by viewing the most recent research works from internationally distinguished research groups. Placing special emphasis on crucial fundamental and technical aspects of nanomagnetism and spintronics, it serves as a one-stop reference for universities offering postgraduate programs in nanotechnology or related disciplines. This unique book deals with all three stages required for conducting research in nanomagnetism and spintronics including fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomagnetic and spintronics materials, providing general concepts and an insightful overview of this subject for research students and scientists from different backgrounds investigating the multidisciplinary area of nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Nano-Crystalline and Thin Film Magnetic Oxides by : Ivan Nedkov
Download or read book Nano-Crystalline and Thin Film Magnetic Oxides written by Ivan Nedkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ferrimagnetic Nano-crystalline and Thin Film Magnetooptical and Microwave Materials, Sozopol, Bulgaria, 27 September - 3 October, 1998
Book Synopsis Nanomagnetism And Spintronics: Fabrication, Materials, Characterization And Applications by : Farzad Nasirpouri
Download or read book Nanomagnetism And Spintronics: Fabrication, Materials, Characterization And Applications written by Farzad Nasirpouri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics manipulates individual magnetic moments to integrate logic functions and non-volatile information storage on the same platform. As is often the case in condensed matter science, advances are made through the synthesis of novel materials and high quality new physics materials. Giant magnetoresistance and dilute magnetic semiconductors are two such examples. However, the remarkable potential of spintronics for quantum computation faces major challenges when it comes to controlling simultaneously several qbits encoded in magnetic moments.After a brief introduction to concepts in nanomagnetism and spintronics, the text reviews recent techniques and their achievements in the synthesis and fabrication of magnetic nanostructures. The methods presented here emphasize bottom up or top down approaches for nanodots, nanowires and thin films. They include: focused ion beam irradiation, electron beam-induced chemical vapour deposition, chemical, and electrochemical methods. The later part of the book reviews magnetoelectric materials, the giant magnetoresistance in magnetic superlattices, dynamics effects in spin transfer torque oscillators, dilute magnetic oxides, rare earth nitrides with nuclear resonance scattering, and Mössbauer spectroscopy in spintronics. Finally, the last part of this book discusses applications to magnetic storage and bio-magnetism.Nanomagnetism and Spintronics will be useful to graduate students and researchers and engineers in the field of nanoscience.
Book Synopsis Interfacial Magnetic Phenomena and Domain Engineering in Complex Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Binzhi Li
Download or read book Interfacial Magnetic Phenomena and Domain Engineering in Complex Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Binzhi Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in thin film growth technology to create complex oxide heterostructures with atomic-level precision have enabled the discovery of a wide range of novel physical phenomena at engineered interfaces. These phenomena arise from the complex interactions between the lattice, charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom that are highly sensitive to external stimuli such as strain, chemical doping, and electric and magnetic fields. Among these complex oxide systems, heterostructures consisting of layers with competing magnetic characteristics have attracted great attention from a fundamental perspective as well as for their potential applications in magnetic sensors, magnetic random access memory, and future spintronics devices. One of the fundamental building blocks of such devices is the exchange-bias (EB) effect which is typically associated with interfacial exchange interactions between a ferromagnetic (FM) and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) material. A similar effect has also been observed at interfaces between hard and soft FM layers, where the hard (soft) layer possesses high (low) coercivity and low (high) saturation magnetization. In analogy to AFM/FM interfaces, the biasing effect at FM/FM interfaces originates from the magnetic unidirectional anisotropy induced by the exchange interactions between the hard and soft FM layers. The exchange interactions in complex oxide heterostructures consisting of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) layers were systematically studied. LSMO is a soft FM metal that shows coincident FM-to-paramagnetic (PM) and metal-to-insulator transitions at ~ 360 K in its bulk form. LSCO is a hard FM material and is known to show magneto-electronic phase separation (MEPS), where FM/metallic clusters are embedded in a non-magnetic/insulating matrix. Synchrotron radiation based resonant x-ray reflectivity, soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy, and bulk magnetometry were used to investigate the magnetic and electronic structure of the LSMO/LSCO heterostructures. It was found that a 6 nm LSMO/ 6 nm LSCO heterostructure displayed unconventional magnetic switching behavior, which deviated from conventional metallic FM/FM systems in that reversible switching occurred not only within the soft LSMO layer but was also accompanied by the switching of a thin interfacial LSCO layer. This unique magnetic switching behavior was strongly dependent on the thickness of the LSCO layer. Soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy allowed us to develop a physical picture where a form of MEPS occurred vertically through the LSCO film thickness and was driven by the competition between two different interfacial effects at the LSMO/LSCO and the LSCO/substrate interfaces. These findings provide further evidence of the high tunability of magnetic properties in complex oxide heterostructures through interface engineering. In addition, domain wall injection and propagation in LSMO nanowires was investigated to ascertain its potential for magnetic memory device applications. A nanofabrication process combining e-beam lithography and ion implantation was used to pattern LSMO thin films. With the help of state-of-the-art x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, the magnetic domain patterns in various nanowire structures were directly imaged and magnetic field-assisted domain wall injection and propagation processes were monitored. Detailed domain wall structures were identified and the range of magnetic fields needed to move the domain walls were determined. It was found that the domain wall structures in LSMO nanostructures differed from the ones found in permalloy (Ni81Fe19) and were dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the nanowires. Furthermore, electrical transport studies on LSMO nanowires were performed. Pd metal was identified as the ideal contact metal that showed Ohmic behavior and low contact resistance. Resistance measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field indicated that the LSMO nanowires preserved the electrical properties of the LSMO thin film. These results provide insight on the effect of nanostructuring on the magnetic and electrical properties of complex oxide nanowires, and illustrate the possibility of their application in magnetic memory devices.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Morphology and Magnetic Structures of Permalloy Films on Polystyrene Nanospheres by : Adriana Rincon (Graduate student)
Download or read book Investigation of Morphology and Magnetic Structures of Permalloy Films on Polystyrene Nanospheres written by Adriana Rincon (Graduate student) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Determining the authenticity of magnetic domain structures on MFM images through SPM software was studied. Two samples imaged through AFM displayed lopsided and squished nanospheres at their packing phase. High surface pressure from fluid suspending the spheres in the Langumir-Blodgett deposition was the first cause of those deformities. The second cause is the spheres’ soft, malleable material of polystyrene. The other two samples were imaged through MFM for their topology and magnetic behaviors. Then those images were analyzed on Gwyddion. In order to authenticate the validity of the domains, the MFM tip was digitally modeled to use Certainty Map and Surface Reconstruction features. On the areas with ring-like, vortex magnetic domains, it was determined that those features were authentic by confirmation of the image’s certainty map. While one image’s domains authenticity were not confirmed due to the lack of tip-sample contact on certainty map. There is plausible evidence the domains could be true using the surface reconstruction feature as contact points were recovered substantially by this method. The experiment gave us insight on how the morphology of nanospheres can affect tip-sample contact. In turn, it can affect how magnetic behaviors of Permalloy is observed in curved surfaces.
Book Synopsis Ultrathin Magnetic Structures III by : J.A.C. Bland
Download or read book Ultrathin Magnetic Structures III written by J.A.C. Bland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to understand and control the unique properties of interfaces has created an entirely new field of magnetism which already has a profound impact in technology and is providing the basis for a revolution in electronics. The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of magnetic devices for information technology but also in the basic understanding of the physics of magnetic nanostructures. This volume describes thin film magnetic properties and methods for characterising thin film structure topics that underpin the present 'spintronics' revolution in which devices are based on combined magnetic materials and semiconductors. Volume IV deals with the fundamentals of spintronics: magnetoelectronic materials, spin injection and detection, micromagnetics and the development of magnetic random access memory based on GMR and tunnel junction devices. Together these books provide readers with a comprehensive account of an exciting and rapidly developing field. The treatment is designed to be accessible both to newcomers and to experts already working in this field who would like to get a better understanding of this very diversified area of research.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nanomagnetism by : Rosa A. Lukaszew
Download or read book Handbook of Nanomagnetism written by Rosa A. Lukaszew and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique handbook compiles and details cutting-edge research in nanomagnetism and its applications in spintronics, magnetoplasmonics, and nonlinear magneto-optics. Fundamental aspects of magnetism relevant to nanodevices and new spin-transfer torque random-access memory (STT-RAM), current-induced domain wall motion memory, and spin torque oscill
Book Synopsis Characterization and Manipulation of the Magnetization of Nano-scale Magnetic Structures by : Wenming Ju
Download or read book Characterization and Manipulation of the Magnetization of Nano-scale Magnetic Structures written by Wenming Ju and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-scale magnetic patterned structures and thin films have attracted attention over the past few years due to their unique magnetization distribution and promising application in nonvolatile data storage, magnetic field sensors and spintronic devices. Magnetization states and their switching processes are fundamental investigation subjects of such magnetic systems. This dissertation discusses experimental work and theoretical analysis on investigating the magnetization of these nano-scale magnetic structures and how we can characterize and manipulate the magnetization in order to realize industrial application. The efforts done in this dissertation can be grouped into three topics: First, we focus on whether we can reverse the vortex circulation of the ferromagnetic nanodisk without breaking its symmetry so as to control and manipulate the chirality of the nanodisk. The vortex state of ferromagnetic nanodisk is characterized with and without in-plane magnetic field. The vortex circulation switching is achieved by applying a local circular magnetic field which is created by passing current through an AFM tip that is in contact with the nanodisk. The experimental results indicate the success of the reversal when a dielectric breakdown happens during the current application and the breakdown voltage is above a threshold value. This implies that the concentration of the current in the center of the disk leads to a stronger magnetic field and lower switching current. The analysis is supported by the results of micromagnetic simulations conducted in this work. Second, a magnetometer based on Magneto-optical Kerr effect is constructed. It is then used to record the hysteresis loop of permalloy and cobalt amorphous thin films. At the same time the affect of skew angles in Magneto-optical Kerr effect is also investigated so that the skew angle that leads to highest Kerr signal can be determined. The setup lays a foundation which enables us to investigate the magnetic properties of various magnetic structures and develop other techniques for related study, so some future work related to interlayer exchange coupling of trilayer structure and Magneto-optical Kerr imaging are proposed. Last, the thermal diffusivity measurement of Co/Cu multilayer by laser flash technique is conducted with and without in-plane magnetic field. The experimental result shows that the application of magnetic field does not lead to a significant change in the thermal diffusivity of this structure. This phenomenon is interesting as it is different from the behavior of the electrical conductivity of this structure when magnetic field is applied (giant magnetoresistance effect). Some exploratory discussion is presented in the end.
Book Synopsis Ultrathin Magnetic Structures IV by : Bretislav Heinrich
Download or read book Ultrathin Magnetic Structures IV written by Bretislav Heinrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to understand and control the unique properties of interfaces has created an entirely new field of magnetism which already has a profound impact in technology and is providing the basis for a revolution in electronics. The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of magnetic devices for information technology but also in the basic understanding of the physics of magnetic nanostructures. Volume III describes thin film magnetic properties and methods for characterising thin film structure topics that underpin the present 'spintronics' revolution in which devices are based on combined magnetic materials and semiconductors. The present volume (IV) deals with the fundamentals of spintronics: magnetoelectronic materials, spin injection and detection, micromagnetics and the development of magnetic random access memory based on GMR and tunnel junction devices. Together these books provide readers with a comprehensive account of an exciting and rapidly developing field. The treatment is designed to be accessible both to newcomers and to experts already working in this field who would like to get a better understanding of this very diversified area of research.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Reversal of Patterned Permalloy Thin Films by : Christopher Andrew Merton
Download or read book Magnetic Reversal of Patterned Permalloy Thin Films written by Christopher Andrew Merton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Nickel Thin Films and Multilayer Structures by : Tianhong Xu
Download or read book Surface Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Nickel Thin Films and Multilayer Structures written by Tianhong Xu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devices based on magnetic multilayer structures are widely used in the magnetic storage industry. The interfacial magnetic behaviour in these and related structures determines their spin-dependent electron transport properties. This thesis addresses the effects of the surface quality and magnetic properties of Ni thin films and multilayer structures to understand the relationship between the microscopic physical and magnetic structure and macroscopic transport properties. The effects of surface roughness on the magnetic properties of Ni-based thin films, nanowires and multilayer structures have been investigated using linear and nonlinear optical Kerr effect methods, magnetometry and scanning probe microscopy. The magnetic properties of Ni films possessing different surface roughness have been investigated through magnetic second harmonic generation (MSHG) studies. MSHG studies show significant differences between the films' magnetic properties, indicating that surface roughness plays an important role in determining the surface magnetic properties. MSHG studies of Ni nanowire arrays show large magnetic contrast associated with large effective surface areas and additional contributions to the susceptibility, not present in thin films. Electrodeposition of Ni/Cu multilayer structures yield films which display giant magneto-resistance (GMR) behaviour. The effects of layer thickness, roughness and deposition method on their macroscopic magnetoresistance are described. In situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) was employed to study the growth kinetics of Ni films on single crystal Au(111) surfaces through electrodeposition. It has been shown that 2-D or 3-D growth of Ni thin films can be controlled by changing the deposition potentials. The nonlinear optical response from the electrodeposited films indicates that Ni films deposited at a low overpotential possess greater magnetic contrasts and coercive fields. This study reveals the important connection between the film growth mechanisms and the magnetic properties in the ferromagnetic materials. Ultrafast magnetization dynamics of electrodeposited nickel surfaces have been studied using time-resolved MSHG with laser pulses of various pump beam fluence. A fast drop of the second-harmonic intensity within 700 fs after optical excitation is observed which is followed by a partial recovery, within a few picoseconds, indicating the surface magnetic property dependence on the magnetization after the perturbation of the pump laser.
Book Synopsis Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures by : Teruya Shinjo
Download or read book Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures written by Teruya Shinjo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In magnetic systems of nano-meter size, the interplay between spin and charge of electrons provides unique transport phenomena. In magnetic superlattices, magnetic and non-magnetic metallic thin films with thickness of the order of one nano-meter are piled-up alternately. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these superlattices in 1988, spin dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures have received much attention from both academic and technological points of view. Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions made of ferromagnetic metal electrodes and a very thin insulating barrier between them are also of current interest as magnetoresistive devices, where the tunneling current depends on the relative orientation of magnetization (TMR). In addition to magnetic superlattices and magnetic tunnel junctions, magnetic granular systems and magnetic dots have been studied extensively as magnetoresistive systems. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures introduces and explains the basic physics and applications of a variety of spin-dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures with particular emphasis on magnetic multilayers and magnetic tunnel junctions.
Book Synopsis Switching Behavior of Stoner-like Magnetic Thin Film Elements by : Martin Bauer
Download or read book Switching Behavior of Stoner-like Magnetic Thin Film Elements written by Martin Bauer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and their Applications by : Bekir Aktas
Download or read book Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and their Applications written by Bekir Aktas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-07-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in research on nanoscale materials is steadily increasing: nano-structured magnetic materials exhibit new and interesting physical properties, which cannot be found in the bulk. Many of these unique properties have great potential for technical applications in magneto-sensors, bio-sensors, magneto-electronics, data storage, magnetic heads of computer hard disks, single-electron devises, microwave electronic devices, etc. Current research concentrates on device design, synthesis and the characterization of nanostructured materials. The contributions to this book concentrate on magnetic properties of nanoscale magnetic materials, especially on fabrication and characterization, and the physics underlying the unique properties of these structures and devices.
