Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Investigation Of The Anisotropic Response In Organic Crystal Scintillators For Neutron Detection full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investigation Of The Anisotropic Response In Organic Crystal Scintillators For Neutron Detection ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Investigation of the Anisotropic Response in Organic Crystal Scintillators for Neutron Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Anisotropic Response in Organic Crystal Scintillators for Neutron Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Patricia Frances Schuster
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (972 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Anisotropic Scintillation Response in Organic Crystal Scintillator Detectors written by Patricia Frances Schuster and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic scintillator materials have long been used as radiation detectors. They offer simultaneous detection of fast neutrons and gamma rays for applications in nuclear nonproliferation, international safeguards, and national security. The recent development of high quality stilbene crystals with excellent neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) has generated renewed interest in using crystalline materials. However, crystal organic scintillators are subject to a directional dependence in their response to heavy charged particle interactions, degrading their energy resolution for neutron measurements and worsening their PSD performance. This dissertation presents several studies that experimentally characterize the scintillation anisotropy in organic crystal scintillators. These include measurements of neutron, gamma-ray and cosmic muon interactions in anthracene, a historical benchmark among organic scintillator materials, to confirm and extend measurements previously available in the literature. The gamma-ray and muon measurements provide new experimental confirmation that no scintillation anisotropy is present in their interactions. Observations from these measurements have updated the hypothesis for the physical mechanism that is responsible for the scintillation anisotropy concluding that a relatively high dE/dx is required in order to produce a scintillation anisotropy. The directional dependence of the scintillation output in liquid and plastic materials was measured to experimentally confirm that no scintillation anisotropy correlated to detector orientation exists in amorphous materials. These observations confirm that the scintillation anisotropy is not due to an external effect on the measurement system, and that a fixed, repeating structure is required for a scintillation anisotropy. The directional dependence of the scintillation output in response to neutron interactions was measured in four stilbene crystals of various sizes and growth-methods. The scintillation anisotropy in these materials was approximately uniform, indicating that the crystal size, geometry, and growth method do not significantly impact the effect. Measurements of three additional pure crystals and two mixed crystals were made. These measurements showed that 1) the magnitude of the effect varies with energy and material, 2) the relationship between the light output and pulse shape anisotropy varies across materials, and 3) the effect in mixed materials is very complex. These measurements have informed the hypothesis of the mechanism that produces the directional dependence. By comparing the various relationships between the light output and pulse shape anisotropy across materials, these measurements indicate that the preferred directions of singlet and triplet excitation transport may be the same in some materials and different in other materials. The measurements performed in this work serve as a resource to groups who aim to correct for the scintillation anisotropy or employ it as a directional detection modality. Additionally, this work has advanced the understanding of what physical processes and properties dictate the magnitude and behavior of the scintillation anisotropy in a given material. It has added new information to the body of knowledge surrounding the scintillation mechanism in organic crystal scintillator materials. This information may be used to construct models to predict the scintillation anisotropy effect in materials that have not been experimentally characterized. Such work can contribute to work in producing a new generation of organic scintillator materials, advancing many applications in nuclear science and security.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Response of Some Organic Scintillators to Fast Neutrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholai Mauritzson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789180395564
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (955 download)
Download or read book Neutron-Induced Scintillation in Organics written by Nicholai Mauritzson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrons are widely used as probes of matter to study materials in a broad range of fields from physics, chemistry and medicine to material sciences. Any application utilizing neutrons needs to employ a well-understood and optimized neutron-detector system. This thesis is centered on fundamental aspects of neutron-detector development, including the establishment of the Source Testing Facility at Lund University, experimental methods for the in-depth characterization of scintillator-based neutron detectors and analytical and computational methods for the precise interpretation of results. It focuses on the response of liquid organic scintillators to fast-neutron and gamma-ray irradiations, specifically for NE 213A, EJ 305, EJ 331 and EJ 321P. A simulation-based method for detector calibration was developed which allowed for the use of polyenergetic gamma-ray sources in this low energy-resolution environment. With an actinide/beryllium neutron source and a time-of-flight setup, beams of energy-tagged neutrons were used to study the energy-dependent behaviour of the intrinsic pulse-shape of NE 213A and EJ 305 scintillators. The results demonstrated the advantages of the neutron-tagging method and how the combination of neutron tagging and pulse-shape discrimination can give deeper insight into backgrounds resulting from inelastic neutron scattering. A comprehensive characterization of the neutron scintillation-light yield for NE 213A, EJ 305, EJ 331 and EJ 321P was also performed. It employed the simulation-based calibrations to confirm existing light-yield parametrizations for NE 213A and EJ 305, and resulted in light-yield parametrizations for EJ 331 and EJ 321P extracted for the first time from data. In addition to the development of a simulation-based framework for the study of neutron-induced scintillation in organic scintillators, the methods and results presented in this thesis lay the foundation for future source-based neutron-tagging efforts and scintillator-detector research and development.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book New Organic Crystals for Pulse Shape Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient, readily-available, low-cost, high-energy neutron detectors can play a central role in detecting illicit nuclear weapons since neutrons are a strong indication for the presence of fissile material such as Plutonium and Highly-Enriched Uranium. The main challenge in detecting fast neutrons consists in the discrimination of the signal from the gamma radiation background. At present, the only well-investigated organic crystal scintillator for fast neutron detection, in a n/[gamma] mixed field, is stilbene, which while offering good pulse shape discrimination, is not widely used because of its limited availability and high cost. In this work we report the results of our studies made with a number of new organic crystals, which exhibit pulse shape discrimination for detection of fast neutrons. In particular 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene features a light yield higher than anthracene and a Figure of Merit (FOM) for the pulse shape discrimination better than stilbene. New crystals are good candidates for the low-cost solution growth method, thus representing promising organic scintillators for widespread deployment for high-energy neutron detection.
Author : M. A. Shea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Theoretical Response of the Deep River Neutron Monitor to an Anisotropic Solar Cosmic-ray Event written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of the Deep River, Canada neutron monitor to an anistropic flux of solar cosmic rays is a function of the viewing direction of the detector through the magnetosphere, as defined by the asymptotic cone of acceptance, and the interplanetary direction and spatial distribution of the flux anisotropy. Using a mathematical model of the magnetosphere, the authors have calculated the viewing directions for Deep River as a function of time and evaluated the response of the neutron monitor to various solar cosmic-ray anisotropies propagating along the ecliptic plane. (Author).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Neutron Detection with Single Crystal Organic Scintillators written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of high-energy neutrons in the presence of gamma radiation background utilizes pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) phenomena in organics studied previously only with limited number of materials, mostly liquid scintillators and single crystal stilbene. The current paper presents the results obtained with broader varieties of luminescent organic single crystals. The studies involve experimental tools of crystal growth and material characterization in combination with the advanced computer modeling, with the final goal of better understanding the relevance between the nature of the organic materials and their PSD properties. Special consideration is given to the factors that may diminish or even completely obscure the PSD properties in scintillating crystals. Among such factors are molecular and crystallographic structures that determine exchange coupling and exciton mobility in organic materials and the impurity effect discussed on the examples of trans-stilbene, bibenzyl, 9,10-diphenylanthracene and diphenylacetylene.
Author : Joseph Turko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Detector Response Simulations of Hydrocarbon Neutron Scintillators written by Joseph Turko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DESCANT is a novel neutron detector array for use in nuclear structure and astrophysics studies with radioactive-ion beams. Comprised of 70 hexagonical deuterated scintillation detectors, DESCANT is located at the ISAC facility of TRIUMF, where it can be used in combination with the GRIFFIN or TIGRESS gamma-ray spectrometers in a multitude of nuclear decay and reaction experiments. The deuterated scintillator used in the DESCANT detectors produces a peaked structure in the detector response spectra that can provide neutron energy measurements without using traditional time-of-flight methods. This thesis will present the framework for a comprehensive GEANT4 simulation of the DESCANT array. The capabilities of the G4NeutronHP physics library in accurately reproducing interaction cross-sections below 10 MeV is verified. The G4Scintillation model is then used to investigate the geometric dependence of the light collection process in a single DESCANT detector. This is followed by an extensive study of simulated response functions of two neutron scintillators. The first is a well studied proton-recoil scintillator (NE-213) and the second is a deuteron-recoil scintillator (EJ-315), similar to that which is used by DESCANT. The detector response to mono-energetic neutrons is then measured for the two scintillators using cylindrical detectors with 11.43 cm diameter and 2.54 cm thickness geometries. A parameterization of the light yield is then calculated for both scintillators by conducting a chi-squared minimization between experimental and simulated pulse-height spectra. Finally, the current status of the DESCANT array geometry in GEANT4 is presented.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Small Inorganic Scintillators as Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small organic scintillators that exhibit pulse shape differences (PSD) in response to charged particles have been investigated as possible neutron detectors in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV. Neutrons in this energy range can induce reactions such as (n, p) and (n, alpha) in these scintillators, and the cross sections for these reactions vary with energy. Pulse-height and PSD distributions were measured as a function of neutron energy for small crystals of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) at the LANSCE-WNR pulsed spallation neutron source. PSD information indicating the relative numbers of protons and alphas produced can give information about the neutron spectrum in fast-neutron radiation fields such as those encountered in space exploration.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1058 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Report on Actinide Glass Scintillators for Fast Neutron Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholas Tsoulfanidis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000417808
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Measurement and Detection of Radiation written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As useful to students and nuclear professionals as its popular predecessors, this fifth edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. There have been many advances in the field of radiation detection, most notably in practical applications. Incorporating these important developments, Measurement and Detection of Radiation, Fifth Edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. It also includes more problems and updated references and bibliographies, and step-by-step derivations and numerous examples illustrate key concepts. New to the Fifth Edition: • Expanded chapters on semiconductor detectors, data analysis methods, health physics fundamentals, and nuclear forensics. • Updated references and bibliographies. • New and expanded problems.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Neutron Response Characterization for an EJ299-33 Plastic Scintillation Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic scintillation detectors have shown promise as neutron detectors for characterizing special nuclear materials in various arms-control and homeland security applications. Recent advances have yielded a new plastic scintillator - EJ299-33 - with pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD) capability. Plastic scintillators would have a much expanded range of deployment relative to liquids and crystals. Here, we present a full characterization of pulse height response to fission-energy neutrons for an EJ299-33 detector with 7.62-by-7.62-cm cylindrical active volume, and compare with an EJ309 liquid scintillator in the same assembly. Scintillation light output relations, energy resolutions, and response matrices are presented for both detectors. A Continuous spectrum neutron source, obtained via the bombardment of Al-27 with 7.44-MeV deuterons at the Edwards Accelerator Facility at Ohio University, was used for the measurement. A new procedure for evaluating and comparing PSD performance is presented which accounts for the effect of the light output relation on the ability to detect low energy neutrons. The EJ299-33 is shown to have considerable deficit in matrix condition, and in PSD figure of merit when compared to EJ309, especially when neutron energy is taken into account. Furthermore the EJ299 is likely to bring a modest PSD capability into a array of held applications that are not accessible to liquids or crystals. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords.
Author : J. B. Birks
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483156060
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting written by J. B. Birks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting is a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of scintillation counting. This text covers the study of the scintillation process, which is concerned with the interactions of radiation and matter; the design of the scintillation counter; and the wide range of applications of scintillation counters in pure and applied science. The book is easy to read despite the complex nature of the subject it attempts to discuss. It is organized such that the first five chapters illustrate the fundamental concepts of scintillation counting. Chapters 6 to 10 detail the properties and applications of organic scintillators, while the next four chapters discuss inorganic scintillators. The last two chapters provide a review of some outstanding problems and a postscript. Nuclear physicists, radiation technologists, and postgraduate students of nuclear physics will find the book a good reference material.
Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Publications, Reports, and Papers for 1961- from Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781467320283
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)
Download or read book 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC) written by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
