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Investigation Of Novel Biomarkers Of Tuberculosis Tb Treatment Response In Clinical Trials And Clinical Practice
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Book Synopsis Investigation of Novel Biomarkers of Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment Response in Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice by : Evelin Dombay
Download or read book Investigation of Novel Biomarkers of Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment Response in Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice written by Evelin Dombay and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis in Clinical Practice by : Onn Min Kon
Download or read book Tuberculosis in Clinical Practice written by Onn Min Kon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is targeted at ensuring frontline clinical staff including seniors, trainees and specialist nurses can easily reference the optimum investigation and management of potential TB cases. This will mirror the annual London Advanced TB course which aims to equip all of the team delivering care to have a working knowledge of the entire spectrum of the real life aspects of TB management ranging from investigation of active TB to latent screening in pre biologic therapy. It includes an update of MDR TB management and also the approaches needed to ensure the entire medico-social spectrum of TB care is addressed.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Position statement on innovative clinical trial design for development of new TB treatments by :
Download or read book Position statement on innovative clinical trial design for development of new TB treatments written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This position statement aims to support TB regimen development by highlighting key clinical trial characteristics to help advance novel therapies. It summarises key innovations in TB clinical trial designs, ranging from pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling and new advances in biomarker development to the value of novel clinical trial design methodologies and post-licensure observational studies. For various stages along the development pathway, outstanding challenges are described alongside possible solutions to help overcome these issues. Beyond a welcome expansion of the TB drug pipeline, innovations in TB drug development and clinical trial design are anticipated to accelerate the development and evaluation as well as facilitate approval of novel regimens to treat all forms of TB.
Book Synopsis Anti-lipid Antibody in M. Tuberculosis Infection-- Basis for a New Biomarker-based Test to Monitor Treatment Response by : Amador Darnley Goodridge
Download or read book Anti-lipid Antibody in M. Tuberculosis Infection-- Basis for a New Biomarker-based Test to Monitor Treatment Response written by Amador Darnley Goodridge and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) faces difficult challenges for its treatment and control. Both the diagnosis of TB and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) drug susceptibility testing take weeks and clinicians often do not know if the patient is taking an appropriate set of drugs until complications or even death occur. Consequently, early determination of a successful drug therapy response in individuals infected with M. tuberculosis is urgently needed. Since the M. tuberculosis cell wall is comprised of a diverse repertoire of lipids, we examined the possible role of these lipids as antigens for serologic response during M. tuberculosis infection. This dissertation is focused on the examination of lipid-antibody response as a potential biomarker used to monitor treatment response in M. tuberculosis infected hosts. Briefly, Chapter 1 describes the current pitfalls of monitoring tuberculosis treatment with current methods, including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture conversion. Chapter 1 also covers the definition of biomarkers and the rationale to use M. tuberculosis cell wall lipids to develop an anti-lipid-antibody based test. Evidence from a similar biomarker-based test for syphilis is presented. The chapter also discusses the biological basis which guided the lipid-antibody biomarker search and discovery. Chapter 2 describes the use of a serum bank from patients with pulmonary TB provided by the World Health Organization-Tropical Diseases Research consortium (WHO-TDR) to identify M. tuberculosis lipid candidates as targets of antibody response. These samples were used to look for an antibody response to multiple mycobacterial lipids resolved by thin-layer chromatography immunoblot (TLC-I). This approach allowed us to identify M. tuberculosis cardiolipin by mass spectrometry and we determined that the IgM antibody response to cardiolipin can be used as a biomarker of infection. In Chapter 3, we investigate the biological evidence behind the production of anti-phospholipid IgM antibody during TB infection and anti-TB treatment. For this purpose, we used the Cornell mouse model of infection to monitor the change in IgM antibody response against four phospholipids including cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidyl choline (PTC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) over the course of M. tuberculosis infection and treatment. We separated BALB/c mice into three groups including acute infection (AI), chronic infection (CI), and healthy control (HC). Both AI and CI groups were infected via the aerosol route with M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv at day 0. The AI group was treated from 4 to 12 weeks post-infection, while the CI group was treated from 20 to 28 weeks post-infection. We also measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-5 and MCP-1. We observed that in treated AI mice, anti-phospholipid IgM antibody levels decreased compared to those of healthy mice at all time points. Anti-PTC IgM antibodies remained significantly higher in CI mice than in AI mice at all time points post-infection. The anti-PTC IgM antibody levels in CI mice decreased to levels similar to those of AI and HC mice at 32 weeks post-infection. The anti-phospholipid IgM antibody levels correlated with the bacterial load in the lungs, with treated mice showing fewer M. tuberculosis colony-forming units (CFU) after eight weeks of treatment. Furthermore, IL-5 was mainly produced by the site of infection in the lung and decreased with anti-tuberculosis treatment within the CI mice group. Finally, in Chapter 4, we examine the use of anti-phospholipid IgM antibody changes as a biomarker for treatment response in patients with smear positive pulmonary TB. Serum samples were obtained from pulmonary TB patients at the start and end of the intensive phase of treatment (40 doses of anti-TB combination therapy) enrolled from Kampala, Uganda in a CDC-TB Trials Consortium randomized clinical trial. The samples were screened for IgM antibody levels against five commercially available phospholipids by an in-house ELISA assay. The lipid antigens included CL, PI, PE, PTC, and sphingolipid (SL). IgM antibody levels to CL, PE, PI, PTC and SL significantly decreased following anti-TB drug treatment in patients without lung cavities on their baseline chest radiograph. In contrast, patients with cavitary TB showed an overall increase in the anti-phospholipid IgM antibody response following anti-TB drug treatment, notably with a significant increase in anti-PE antibody levels. Thus, anti-lipid IgM response appears to be a useful biomarker for treatment response, especially in those with non-cavitary disease. Chapter 5 summarizes the conclusions in support of using the anti-phospholipid IgM antibody response as a useful biomarker for monitoring TB treatment response. This novel biomarker test would greatly facilitate TB management in resource-poor settings. The development of a point of care (POC) test based on anti-phospholipid IgM antibody will be an affordable and highly sensitive alternative to microscopy or culture testing for monitoring treatment response in individuals with TB. Chapter 5 also gives examples of three platforms that might be used for the development of such a POC test. However, we note that it is necessary to explore the specificity of this assay further by testing patients with HIV infection, latent TB infection, and non-TB pulmonary diseases.
Book Synopsis Ending Neglect by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ending Neglect written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.
Book Synopsis Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection by : WHO
Download or read book Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection written by WHO and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as a state of persistent immune response to prior-acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB, affects about one-third of the world's population. Approximately 10% of people with LTBI will develop active TB disease in their lifetime, with the majority developing it within the first five years after initial infection. Currently available treatments have an efficacy ranging from 60% to 90%. Systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in at-risk populations is a critical component of WHO's eight-point framework adapted from the End TB Strategy to target pre-elimination and, ultimately, elimination in low incidence countries. OVERVIEW: Recognizing the importance of expanding the response to LTBI, in 2014 WHO developed Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. The guidelines are primarily targeted at high-income or upper middle-income countries with an estimated TB incidence rate of less than 100 per 100 000 population, because they are most likely to benefit from it due to their current TB epidemiology and resource availability. The overall objective of the guidelines is to provide public health approach guidance on evidence-based practices for testing, treating and managing LTBI in individuals with the highest risk of progression to active disease. Specific objectives include identifying and prioritizing at-risk population groups for targeted intervention of LTBI testing and treatment, including defining an algorithm, and recommending specific treatment options. The guidelines are expected to provide the basis and rationale for the development of national guidelines for LTBI management based on available resources, epidemiology of TB including intensity of transmission, the health-care delivery system of the country, and other national and local determinants.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Sputum Microscopy by : Richard Lumb
Download or read book Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Sputum Microscopy written by Richard Lumb and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diagnostics for Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Diagnostics for Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year there are 8.8 million new active cases and nearly two million deaths worldwide from tuberculosis (about 5,000 every day), mostly in the poorest communities of the developing world. One third of the world's population has latent TB which may later develop into an active form of the disease, and it has also become the leading cause of death among people with HIV. Multidrug-resistance is also a growing problem. A key challenge for the public health community is to be able to effectively diagnose patients so that valuable resources and medicines are not wasted on misdiagnosis and repeat treatments. This report, written by an international network of researchers and policy experts, examines the global market for TB diagnostics available for active disease, latent infection, drug resistance and treatment response. It provides a sound basis for diagnostics development suitable for various levels of health systems in industrialised and developing countries.
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis in Adults and Children by : Dorothee Heemskerk
Download or read book Tuberculosis in Adults and Children written by Dorothee Heemskerk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.
Author :National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain) Publisher :Royal College of Physicians ISBN 13 :9781860162770 Total Pages :232 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (627 download)
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis by : National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain)
Download or read book Tuberculosis written by National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain) and published by Royal College of Physicians. This book was released on 2006 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment of Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Treatment of Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tuberculosis Programs written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PET/CT in Tuberculosis by : Dragana Sobic Saranovic
Download or read book PET/CT in Tuberculosis written by Dragana Sobic Saranovic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers both the science of PET/CT imaging in tuberculosis and the impact that this technique can have on disease management through the provision of high-quality evidence regarding function and structure. The scientific principles of PET/CT, the radiopharmaceuticals used in the context of tuberculosis (FDG and non-FDG tracers), patient preparation, and imaging protocols are fully explained. Imaging findings obtained in different settings, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, and evaluation of response to antituberculous therapy, are described with the aid of many high-quality illustrations. Attention is drawn to mimics of tuberculosis, pitfalls, and limitations. The book will be an excellent asset for referring clinicians, nuclear medicine/radiology physicians, radiographers/technologists, and nurses who routinely work in nuclear medicine and participate in multidisciplinary meetings.
Book Synopsis Immunological Biomarkers for Tuberculosis by : Christof Geldmacher
Download or read book Immunological Biomarkers for Tuberculosis written by Christof Geldmacher and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in prevention diagnosis and treatment of the disease at global regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States and broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN). The 2018 edition of the global TB report was released on 18 September in the lead up to the first-ever UN High Level Meeting on TB on 26 September 2018.
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.
