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Investigating The Isomer Specific Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid On Adiposity And Insulin Resistance In Db Db Mice
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Book Synopsis Investigating the Isomer-specific Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Db/db Mice by : Ryan Hunt (W. T.)
Download or read book Investigating the Isomer-specific Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Db/db Mice written by Ryan Hunt (W. T.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-obesity Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, and in Obese Db/db and Lean C57BL/6 Mice by : Azadeh Yeganeh
Download or read book Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-obesity Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, and in Obese Db/db and Lean C57BL/6 Mice written by Azadeh Yeganeh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid by : Xiaofang Xu
Download or read book Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Xiaofang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anti-obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) by : Wan Shen
Download or read book Anti-obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Anti-adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by : Kihwa Kang
Download or read book Anti-adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Adiposity by : Angela Ann Wendel
Download or read book Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Adiposity written by Angela Ann Wendel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant depletion of adipose in mice by CLA may contribute to the lipodystrophic-like effects that accompany. The final objective of this research was to determine mechanisms by which CLA reduces adipose mass. Six-week old, male ob/ob mice were fed either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 1.5% mixed isomer CLA (CLA) for 4 weeks. A third group of mice (LEPTIN) were fed the control diet and received daily, intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg BW recombinant leptin as a positive control for adipose depletion in ob/ob mice. The depletion of adipose tissue by CLA was accompanied by the acquirement of brown adipose-like characteristics, such as increased CPT-1b, PGC-1alpha, and UCP-1, in the white adipose of CLA-fed mice. This alteration may facilitate the reduction of adipose mass by increasing mitochondrial oxidation and energy dissipation. However, it appears that CLA does not increase UCP-1 through beta3AR signaling.
Book Synopsis Effects of Specific Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase-alpha (AMPK-α) in Fa/fa and Lean Zucker Rats by : Robert Peter Diakiw
Download or read book Effects of Specific Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase-alpha (AMPK-α) in Fa/fa and Lean Zucker Rats written by Robert Peter Diakiw and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Specific Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase-alpha (AMPK-[alpha]) in Fa/fa and Lean Zucker Rats by : Robert Peter Diakiw
Download or read book Effects of Specific Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase-alpha (AMPK-[alpha]) in Fa/fa and Lean Zucker Rats written by Robert Peter Diakiw and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Liver and Adipose Metabolism by : Amy Dianne Noto
Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Liver and Adipose Metabolism written by Amy Dianne Noto and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Martin P. Yurawecz Publisher :The American Oil Chemists Society ISBN 13 :9781893997875 Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (978 download)
Book Synopsis Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3 by : Martin P. Yurawecz
Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3 written by Martin P. Yurawecz and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the chemistry, biological properties and healthful benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) continues to grow. The number of peer reviewed publications produced on CLA since the 2003 publication of Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2, has more than doubled. It is likely that CLA will be used in the future in many more studies related to diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. This text provides comprehensive coverage of this area of research. Sections include material on biosynthesis and metabolic processes, techniques of determination of individual isomers, diversity of CLA, and effects of CLA isomers in humans.
Author :Jean-Louis Sébédio Publisher :The American Oil Chemists Society ISBN 13 :9781893997288 Total Pages :354 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (972 download)
Book Synopsis Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research by : Jean-Louis Sébédio
Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Jean-Louis Sébédio and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2 is the second book in a series devoted entirely to conjugated linoleic acid. This book has updated information on the analysis, biochemistry and applications of conjugated fatty acids in an attempt to make Volume 2, in conjunction with Volume 1 (published in 1999), the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of CLA-related information available today. Both scientific and commercial views are presented, with the same data sometimes interpreted differently.
Book Synopsis Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Mammary Gland Development in BALB/CJ Mice by : Julia Marta Gloviczki
Download or read book Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Mammary Gland Development in BALB/CJ Mice written by Julia Marta Gloviczki and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ovarian hormones direct normal mammary gland (MG) development and thereby may determine future breast cancer risk. Similarly, dietary fat influences composition of the mammary fat pad, thus impacting MG form and function. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are isomers of octadecadienoic acid (18:2) and are found in ruminant-derived foodstuffs. Of these, cis-9, trans-11 (9,11) CLA is the most abundant, while the trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) isomer is a major constituent of mixed isomer supplements. Both isomers suppress MG tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo and decrease body fatness, whereas the 10,12 isomer may induce insulin resistance and inflammation. Intriguingly, recent data indicate that feeding 10,12 CLA stimulates MG tumorigenesis in mice overexpressing the ErbB2 oncogene. These data emphasize the need to investigate MG development following the intake of these CLA isomers. Our objectives were to determine the effects of these CLA isomers on normal MG development and its responsiveness to ovarian hormones. We also examined the effects of maternal CLA intake on postnatal MG development in daughters. In one study, mice were weaned onto either the control diet or diets supplemented with 9,11 CLA or 10,12 CLA (1%) before euthanasia at 35d or 55d of age. In another study, mature mice (8-10wks) were fed one of the treatment diets for 28d prior to ovariectomy. Females were subsequently administered vehicle, estrogen (E, 1ug), progesterone (P, 1 mg) or E+P for 4d prior to euthanasia. In the third study, dams were fed the control, 9,11 CLA or 10,12 CLA diets throughout gestation. Their pups were cross-fostered to control-fed dams immediately at parturition. In all studies the 10,12 isomer reduced MG mass. This effect was also seen for 9,11 CLA with intact females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with E+P. Interestingly, 10,12 CLA-fed mice had supraphysiological levels of serum insulin that may have led to increased ductal outgrowth in 35d old intact mice fed 10,12 CLA. Surprisingly, intact females fed 9,11 CLA, but not 10,12 CLA, had a dramatic increase in epithelial cell proliferation We conclude that CLA, especially the 10,12 isomer, modifies normal MG development, and thus may contribute to breast cancer risk.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation by : Soonkyu Chung
Download or read book Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation written by Soonkyu Chung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesity is an important health issue, having risen to epidemic proportions in the U.S. Use of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has received recent attention due to its potential health benefits including the reduction of fat mass in animals. However, the effectiveness and safety of CLA consumption in humans remains unclear. Our group previously reported that trans-10, cis-12 CLA impaired the conversion of preadipocytes into lipid-filled adipocytes (e.g., differentiation) and caused adipocyte delipidation that involved inflammatory cytokines in a human cell model. However, the isomer-specific mechanism for these events was unknown. Thus, this research examined mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA induced adipocyte delipidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. Delipidation of adipocytes by trans-10, cis-12 CLA was accompanied by increased lipolysis and changes in the morphology of lipid droplets and the expression and localization of proteins regulating lipid droplet metabolism. This process involved the translational control of adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) through activation of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and transcriptional control of perilipin A. Prior to these morphological changes, it was shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promoted nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent induction of interleukin (IL)-6 which were, at least in part, responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. The essential role of NFκB on CLA-induced inflammation was confirmed by using RNA interference. Further studies were conducted examining the localization and characterization of the inflammatory response, including the type of cells involved, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory agent. It was demonstrated that LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression was predominantly from preadipocytes, which led to, at least in part, the suppression of PPAR activity and adipogenic gene expression and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data support the emerging concept that adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with the capacity to generate inflammatory signals that impact glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human preadipocytes have the capacity to generate these inflammatory signals induced by trans-10, cis-12 CLA and LPS, subsequently causing insulin resistance in neighboring adipocytes. These studies also revealed that NFκB- and MAPK-signaling mediate inflammation and insulin resistance induced by CLA and LPS. Thus, although the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA may decrease the size and lipid content of human adipocytes, it may also cause insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on T10, C12-conjugated Linoleic Acid Induced Insulin Resistance, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition by : Madhuri Vemuri
Download or read book Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on T10, C12-conjugated Linoleic Acid Induced Insulin Resistance, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition written by Madhuri Vemuri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to all the positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. The two most studied isomers are cis9, trans11-CLA and trans10, cis12-CLA. CLA supplements, often a mixture of the two isomers, have been popularly used for weight loss and other claimed health benefits. However supplementing CLA isomers, especially trans10, cis12-CLA has been shown to cause non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance (IR) in several animal models. Here we have confirmed that supplementing 0.5% trans10, cis12-CLA to C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks causes NAFLD and IR. When CLA diets were concomitantly supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 1.5% (w/w) for 8 weeks, DHA prevented CLA induced IR, while EPA was ineffective. Both EPA and DHA prevented CLA induced fatty liver. CLA also reduced the plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations, and both EPA and DHA partially restored plasma leptin, but only DHA partially restored the plasma adiponectin. In another experiment, concomitant supplementation of CLA diets with 0.5% of flaxseed oil (rich in alpha linolenic acid) also prevented IR and decreased liver weights and lipids compared with those in CLA group. CLA supplementation also altered lipid profile in liver, decreasing n-6 and n-3 wt% and increasing n-6:n-3 ratio. Concomitant supplementation with flaxseed oil increased n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA) in liver lipids and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio compared to that in CLA group. Supplementing 0.5% (w/w) of purified c9, t11- or trans10, cis12-CLA to mice for 8 weeks altered fatty acid profile of tissues differently. c9, t11-CLA diet reduced MUFA wt% in liver, adipose tissue, and spleen, and reduced the spleen n-3 PUFAs significantly while increasing the n-6 PUFA wt% in all tissues except heart. In contrast, trans10, cis12-CLA reduced both the n-6 and n-3 PUFA wt% in liver and heart however increased the wt% of n-3 PUFAs in spleen. Considering the adverse health effects of trans10, cis12-CLA and of mixtures of CLA isomers on NAFLD, IR and tissue fatty acids, human use of CLA supplements should not be recommended.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health by : Eileen F. Murphy
Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health written by Eileen F. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and its individual isomers, have been suggested to possess numerous health effects. Some of these effects appear to be isomer-specific and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The application of transcriptomic approaches offers the potential to gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of CLA. The present work describes a number of studies using transcriptomic approaches, in which clear isomer-specific effects of CLA on intestinal Ca transport, carcinogensis and lipid metabolism were observed. In relation to the observed enhancement of Ca absorption, trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased paracellular Ca transport, which was associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding components of the tight-junction. In contrast, the trans-10, sis-12 CLA-mediated increase in transcellular Ca transport did not appear to relate to consistent changes in expression of the key genes encoding mediators of this route. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA did not augment the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcellular transport, suggesting that its effect on this route of Ca transport are mediated through alternative mechanisms. Beyond its effect on Ca transport, the isomer-specific effects of CLA on global gene expression profiles in Caco-2 cells were investigated. In the first such study, to our knowledge, genome-wide analysis showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the expression of 918 genes in Caco-2 cells, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on gene expression. While a number of expression patterns in relation to the chemopreventative mechanisms of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in colon cancer were highlighted, potential adverse effects related to intestinal HDL biogenesis and glucose metabolism were evident in the Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of transcriptomics provides valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of action of CLA in gut cell function and health. An investigation of the effects of CLA supplementation on global gene expression at the shole-body level, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult males, showed altered expression of genes involved in glycogen and haem metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. However, additional studies are required to further the understanding of the ability of changes in gene expression of PBMC to relate to whole-body effects associated with CLA. While these approaches increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of CLA in health, further research is required to determine the efficacy and safety of CLA in human health and its potential as a functional food ingredient.
Book Synopsis Differential Metabolic Effects in White and Brown Adipose Tissue by Conjugated Linoleic Acid Elicit Lipodystrophy-associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance by : Michael B. Stout
Download or read book Differential Metabolic Effects in White and Brown Adipose Tissue by Conjugated Linoleic Acid Elicit Lipodystrophy-associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance written by Michael B. Stout and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has risen substantially throughout the world in recent decades. Nonsurgical treatments for reducing adiposity remain paramount to diminishing obesity and its associated comorbidities. Conjugated linoleic acid has received considerable attention due to its ability to reduce body weight and adiposity in a number of species. The mechanisms responsible for adipose depletion by conjugated linoleic acid remain controversial and are not completely understood. The first objective of this research was to determine if conjugated linoleic acid altered adipose phenotype by inducing adaptive thermogenesis and increasing oxidative capacity. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid dramatically reduced weight gain and adipose mass. Additionally, conjugated linoleic acid induced the expression of numerous genes involved in adaptive thermogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue. Lipid droplet morphology was unchanged by conjugated linoleic acid treatment, although mitochondrial density was increased in epididymal white adipose tissue. Unexpectedly, whole body oxygen consumption and body temperatures were reduced and unchanged by conjugated linoleic acid treatment, respectively. We attributed these observations to a significant reduction in brown adipose tissue with a concomitant compensatory response in epididymal white adipose tissue. Our data suggest that significant reductions in brown adipose tissue by conjugated linoleic acid initiates white adipose adaptive thermogenesis as a means to maintain body temperature.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Spermatogenesis in Db/db Mice by : Leah Peters
Download or read book The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Spermatogenesis in Db/db Mice written by Leah Peters and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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