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Intrinsic Reaction Kinetics Of Coal Chars With Oxygen Carbon Dioxide And Steam At Elevated Pressures
Download Intrinsic Reaction Kinetics Of Coal Chars With Oxygen Carbon Dioxide And Steam At Elevated Pressures full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Intrinsic Reaction Kinetics Of Coal Chars With Oxygen Carbon Dioxide And Steam At Elevated Pressures ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Intrinsic Reaction Kinetics of Coal Chars with Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Steam at Elevated Pressures by : Daniel Geoffrey Roberts
Download or read book Intrinsic Reaction Kinetics of Coal Chars with Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Steam at Elevated Pressures written by Daniel Geoffrey Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Coal Char Gasification Kinetics and Pore Development in High Pressure Steam and Carbon Dioxide by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Coal Char Gasification Kinetics and Pore Development in High Pressure Steam and Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High pressure steam and CO2 gasification kinetics -- Intrinsic reaction rates -- Pore development -- Highveld coal char.
Book Synopsis Focus on Combustion Research by : Sung Z. Jiang
Download or read book Focus on Combustion Research written by Sung Z. Jiang and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion or burning is an exothermic reaction between a substance and a gas to release heat. Combustion normally occurs in oxygen (often in the form of gaseous O2 ) to form oxides, However, combustion can also take place in other gases like chlorine. The products of such reactions usually include water (H2 O) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2 ), or both. Other by-products, such as partially reacted fuel and elemental carbon (C), may generate visible smoke and soot. This book presents leading research from around the world in this frontal field.
Book Synopsis Structural Characteristics and CO2 Reactivity of Partially Gasified Pittsburgh No.8 Coal Chars Generated in a High-pressure, High-temperature Flow Reactor by : Vijayaragavan Krishnamoorthy
Download or read book Structural Characteristics and CO2 Reactivity of Partially Gasified Pittsburgh No.8 Coal Chars Generated in a High-pressure, High-temperature Flow Reactor written by Vijayaragavan Krishnamoorthy and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is an advanced power generation technology based on gasification of coal or solid fuels. Despite many commercial operations, the knowledge of char gasification rates at high pressures and temperatures, crucial to the design and troubleshooting of the gasifiers, are relatively unknown. While many kinetic studies have been performed at atmospheric pressure and low heating rates, there are few studies that examined the reactivity of chars generated at high temperatures and elevated pressuresGasification rate of chars in entrained-flow gasifiers is dependent on both intrinsic reactivity and the gas diffusion rate of reactants into pores. Therefore, the knowledge of intrinsic reaction rate and the structural features of the char are necessary for developing a kinetic model. The aim of the thesis is to determine the intrinsic reactivity and the structural features of the chars generated at elevated pressures and temperatures pertinent to conditions of the entrained-flow gasifiers. A series of interrelated studies were conducted to characterize the gasification behavior of a widely used Pittsburgh No,8 coal. To generate chars under conditions similar to that of the gasifier, a 20 kW high-pressure, high-temperature flow reactor (HPHTFR) was designed to operate up to 1650C and 30 bar. The chars obtained at various temperatures, pressures, and pyrolysis atmospheres were characterized for physical and chemical structure using surface area analyzer, XRD, Raman, and morphological analysis. The CO2 kinetics on chars were obtained using a high pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HPTGA). The structural properties and intrinsic kinetics of chars widely reported in the literature were generated in inert atmospheres. However, the pyrolysis of feedstock occurs in the presence of reaction gas. This difference can affect char structural properties and intrinsic reactivity. To determine the role of pyrolysis atmosphere, chars were generated in three different atomspheres-CO2/N2, Ar and N2- at 1100C and 6.2 bar. The chars generated in the CO2/N2 atmosphere showed higher conversion compared to that of chars generated in N2 and Ar atmospheres. The increased conversion in the CO2/N2 atmosphere was attributed to increased gasification of tar/soot. While the volatile yield showed some difference, char properties such as surface area, swelling ratio, defects to graphitic band ratio and crystallite sizes showed no difference. The kinetic parameters of the chars were obtained using the nth order model. The activation energy was found to be independent of pyrolysis atmospheres. The order of reaction was found to be significantly affected by the pyrolysis atmosphere. The order of reaction followed the trend: CO2/N2> N2 Ar. The order of the reaction was found to correlate with surface area evolution.Gasification of coal can be impacted by the organic and inorganic compositional heterogeneity, which further impact the char morphology, and the intrinsic reactivity. To account for the compositional heterogeneity, chars were generated from various size fractions (-106+75, -150+106, -212+150, -420+212 m at 1300C and 11.3 bar) and density fractions (1.3 g/cc, 1.3-1.6 g/cc, 1.6g/cc of -106+75 m at 1300C and 11.3 bar). Chars were also generated over a range of temperatures (1100, 1300, and 1400C at 11.3 bar for the -150+106 m fraction), pressures (3.4, 6.2, 11.3, 15.5, and 21.7 bar at 1300C for -150+106 m fraction) to study the effect of temperature and pressure on char structures and reactivity. Chars were characterized for morphology, pore structure (i.e. surface area and pore volume), reflectance, and reactivity using oil immersion microscopy, N2 adsorption technique, reflectance microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The swelling ratio, pore volume, and surface area increased up to certain pressure while these parameters decreased with particle size and density fraction. The intrinsic reactivity of chars increased with inorganic matter and feed particle size, while it decreased with increase in char generation temperature. The intrinsic gasification rate is an important parameter for designing a kinetic model. Chars were obtained by partially gasifying Pittsburgh No.8 coal in CO2 atmosphere at 1300C and over a range of pressures (3.4, 6.2, 11.3, 15.5, and 21.7 bar) in the HPHTFR. The intrinsic reaction rate of those chars with CO2 was obtained at the char generation pressure using the HPTGA. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the nth order model. The intrinsic reaction rate, and activation energy were found to be independent of the char generation pressure. The order of reaction was obtained by varying CO2 partial pressures. The order of reaction decreased with increase in char generation pressure. The comparison of initial char with the char obtained at ~20% conversion in the HPTGA for surface area and pore volume showed that the reaction primarily occurs in microporous regions. The order of reaction also closely followed the surface area during gasification in the HPTGA.Through this research, a comprehensive assessment of the entrained-flow gasification behavior of Pittsburgh No.8 coal has been performed using proven experimental techniques under conditions of industrial interest. The structural features and kinetics were obtained. The generated data provide optimum, and trends that can be used as direct inputs to kinetic modelling and gasifier design applications.
Book Synopsis Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion by : Michael S. Blinderman
Download or read book Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion written by Michael S. Blinderman and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is carried out in unmined coal seams, using wells drilled from the surface and converting coal into synthesis gas. The gas can be used for power generation and synthesis of automotive fuels, fertilizers and other products. UCG offers financial, social, and environmental benefits over conventional coal extraction and utilization methods and may play a critical role in ensuring energy security in the future. Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion provides an overview of underground coal gasification technology, its current status and future directions. Comprehensive in approach, the book covers history, science, technology, hydrogeology, rock mechanics, environmental performance, economics, regulatory and commercial aspects of UCG projects. The first book on the subject in forty years, it is unique in analysing more than a century of global UCG developments by experts from Australia, Canada, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, the USA and Uzbekistan. - Provides researchers, engineers, industry, educators and regulators with an authoritative overview of science and practical applications of underground coal gasification technologies - Offers insight into efficiency, environmental performance, costs, permitting issues and commercial aspects of UCG projects - Written by scientists and practitioners of UCG technology sharing hands-on experience of step-by-step UCG implementation
Book Synopsis Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity by : L Lahaye
Download or read book Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity written by L Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade there has been a renewed interest in under standing from a fundamental point of view the gasification of carbon. Basi cally there are two major issues in controlling the reactivity of carbon: i) reduction of the gasification rate of carbon materials in hostile environment ii) increase of the gasification rate in order to utilize carbonaceous compounds more effectively. Although these two objectives look somewhat contradictory, they are part of the general topics of understanding gasification reactivity of carbon. Refractory applications of carbon in furnace linings, seals and vanes, as well as the use of carbon-carbon or carbon-ceramic composites in struc tures able to withstand corrosion at high temperature require a better understanding of the fundamentals involved in carbon-oxidizing gas (02' CO , H 0) reactions. Furthermore a great interest of aluminium producers 2 2 is 10 extending the lifetime of carbon electrodes in alumina electrolysis which primarily depends on reducing their consumption rates by air or carbon dioxide. Proper control of gasification reactions is also of prime importance in manufacturing carbonaceous adsorbents like granular activated carbon clothes of high adsorption characteristics. The balance between increase of porosity and decrease in mechanical strength during activation is critical for developing new porous types of carbon materials in particular for carbon clothes and this can only be achieved by a careful control of the gasification reaction.
Book Synopsis A Kinetic Study of the Role of Oxygen in Hydrogasification of Saran Char and Coal Char by : Michael Gerard Lussier
Download or read book A Kinetic Study of the Role of Oxygen in Hydrogasification of Saran Char and Coal Char written by Michael Gerard Lussier and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Gasification and Its Applications by : David A. Bell
Download or read book Coal Gasification and Its Applications written by David A. Bell and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books - Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes - Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes - Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books
Book Synopsis Catalytic Coal Gasification by : Janet R. Pullen
Download or read book Catalytic Coal Gasification written by Janet R. Pullen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemisorption, Reaction and Desorption Studies of Coal Chars in Steam, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide by : L. R. Radovic
Download or read book Chemisorption, Reaction and Desorption Studies of Coal Chars in Steam, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide written by L. R. Radovic and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of a transient kinetics (TK) technique allowed a direct measurement of reactive surface area (RSA) for chars gasified in both CO2 and O2, i.e., gasification rates normalized with respect to RSA were essentially constant over the entire conversion range. A temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique was also used to determine the amount of reactive surface intermediate formed on these chars during gasification in CO2 and O2; the results were in good agreement with those obtained by TK. In addition, TPD allowed an important distriction to be made between the stable C-O complexes and reactive C(O) intermediates residing on the char surface during gasification in CO2 and O2. The application of these two independent but complementary techniques provided a satisfactory quantitative understanding of char reactivity variations with conversion in CO2 and O2. Both techniques possess the unique capability of separately determining the reaction rate constant (site reactivity or turnover frequency) and the number of active sites participating in the reaction (RSA). A comparison of turnover frequencies for different chars gasified in 1 atm CO2 suggested that char gasification may be a structure sensitive reaction. The concept of reactive surface area was also used to achieve a better quantitative understanding of catalyzed char reactivity variations with conversion in carbon dioxide.
Book Synopsis Effects of Pressure on Coal Pyrolysis at High Heating Rates and Char Combustion by : Dong Zeng
Download or read book Effects of Pressure on Coal Pyrolysis at High Heating Rates and Char Combustion written by Dong Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Char burnout was measured at different pressures and O2 concentrations at high temperature in the pressurized flat flame burner facility. For a given pressure, the particle diameter ratio based on coal (d/dcoal,0) decreased with increasing O2 concentration. Two char kinetic models (CBK 8 and CBK/E) were used to fit the char burnout data, and the modeling results showed that the intrinsic char oxidation rate increased with increasing total pressure at constant oxygen partial pressure.
Book Synopsis Coal Combustion and Gasification by : L.Douglas Smoot
Download or read book Coal Combustion and Gasification written by L.Douglas Smoot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coal is required to help satisfy the world's energy needs. Yet coal is a difficult fossil fuel to consume efficiently and cleanly. We believe that its clean and efficient use can be increased through improved technology based on a thorough understanding of fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur during consumption. The principal objective of this book is to provide a current summary of this technology. The past technology for describing and analyzing coal furnaces and combus tors has relied largely on empirical inputs for the complex flow and chemical reactions that occur while more formally treating the heat-transfer effects. GrOWing concern over control of combustion-generated air pollutants revealed a lack of understanding of the relevant fundamental physical and chemical mechanisms. Recent technical advances in computer speed and storage capacity, and in numerical prediction of recirculating turbulent flows, two-phase flows, and flows with chemical reaction have opened new opportunities for describing and modeling such complex combustion systems in greater detail. We believe that most of the requisite component models to permit a more fundamental description of coal combustion processes are available. At the same time there is worldwide interest in the use of coal, and progress in modeling of coal reaction processes has been steady.
Book Synopsis Pulverized-Coal Combustion and Gasification by : L. Smoot
Download or read book Pulverized-Coal Combustion and Gasification written by L. Smoot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: viii and approaches could be adapted to other coal conversion and combustion problems, we have not considered combustion or gasification in fluidized or fixed beds or in situ processes. In addition, we have not considered other fossil-fuel combustion problems associated with oil shale, tar sands, etc., even though many aspects of pulverized-coal combustion would relate to these problems. For the case of pulverized-coal models, we have attempted to provide a detailed description of the model foundations. Parts I and II of this book emphasize general principles for describing reacting, turbulent or laminar, multiphase systems. General conservation equations are developed and summarized. The basis for computing thermochemical equilibrium in complex, heterogeneous mixtures is presented, together with techniques for rapid computation and reference to required input data. Rate processes are then discussed, including pertinent aspects of turbulence, chemical kinetics, radiative heat transfer, and gas-particle convective-diffusive interactions. Much of Part II deals with parameters and coefficients for describing these complex rate processes. This part of the book provides recommended values of coefficients and parameters for treating complex reacting flows. Parts I and II may well be suitable for use in an advanced course in reacting flows, and have been written partly with that in mind. Part III deals with more specific aspects of pulverized-coal characteristics and rate processes. Following a general description of coal structure and constitution, coal pyrolysis and char oxidation processes are considered.
Book Synopsis High Temperature Gasification of Coal Char in Carbon Dioxide and Steam by : Mark Steven Dershowitz
Download or read book High Temperature Gasification of Coal Char in Carbon Dioxide and Steam written by Mark Steven Dershowitz and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan
Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.
