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Intrahousehold Bargaining And Resource Allocation In Developing Countries
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Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Bargaining and Resource Allocation in Developing Countries by : Cheryl Doss
Download or read book Intrahousehold Bargaining and Resource Allocation in Developing Countries written by Cheryl Doss and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many key development outcomes depend on women's ability to negotiate favorable intrahousehold allocations of resources. Yet it has been difficult to clearly identify which policies can increase women's bargaining power and result in better outcomes. This paper reviews both the analytical frameworks and the empirical evidence on the importance of women's bargaining power. It argues that there is sufficient evidence from rigorous studies to conclude that women's bargaining power does affect outcomes. But in many specific instances, the quantitative evidence cannot rigorously identify causality. In these cases, a combination of quantitative and qualitative evidence may suggest policy levers. Taken together, there are sufficient data in place to support a greatly expanded focus on intrahousehold outcomes and bargaining power. Additional data at the individual level will allow for further and more detailed research. A growing literature supports the current conventional wisdom -- namely, that the patterns of evidence suggest that women's education, incomes, and assets all are important aspects of women's bargaining power.
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Bargaining and Resource Allocation in Developing Countries by : Cheryl R. Doss
Download or read book Intrahousehold Bargaining and Resource Allocation in Developing Countries written by Cheryl R. Doss and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Many key development outcomes depend on women's ability to negotiate favorable intrahousehold allocations of resources. Yet it has been difficult to clearly identify which policies can increase women's bargaining power and result in better outcomes. This paper reviews both the analytical frameworks and the empirical evidence on the importance of women's bargaining power. It argues that there is sufficient evidence from rigorous studies to conclude that women's bargaining power does affect outcomes. But in many specific instances, the quantitative evidence cannot rigorously identify causality. In these cases, a combination of quantitative and qualitative evidence may suggest policy levers. Taken together, there are sufficient data in place to support a greatly expanded focus on intrahousehold outcomes and bargaining power. Additional data at the individual level will allow for further and more detailed research. A growing literature supports the current conventional wisdom -- namely, that the patterns of evidence suggest that women's education, incomes, and assets all are important aspects of women's bargaining power"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Developing Countries by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Developing Countries written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by International Food Policy Research Insitute. This book was released on 1997 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveying a broad body of theory and evidence, the contributors examine the many social and cultural factors that influence decisions at the family and household level about the allocation of time, income, assets, and other resources.
Book Synopsis intrahousehold resource allocation by : Lawrence Haddad
Download or read book intrahousehold resource allocation written by Lawrence Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold resource allocation and well-being by : Fatimata Dia Sow
Download or read book Intrahousehold resource allocation and well-being written by Fatimata Dia Sow and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this last decade, poverty in developing countries remains the most important topic of debate at the international level. The main challenge is how to build policies and programs on a gender perspective approach taking into account gender differences in behavior between male and female at the level of the household. This study is undertaken in a context of two earner partners living in mixed farming systems in Senegal where earnings come primarily from crops and livestock. This book provides substantial research focused on household decision-making regarding resource allocation and consumption. Moreover, it attempts to show empirical findings on the analysis of welfare and well-being through an innovative combination of subjective and objective methods. The research shows how important socioeconomic and cultural factors are in determining earnings from agricultural activities. Important determinants of productivity are related to women’s land access, non-labor income (transfers from migrants), and the wife's access to credit and health care. The research illustrates also that women's bargaining power may be strongly linked to their access to livestock resources, their mobility in purchasing food and medicine and their participation in the management of household finance. Analysis of decision-making regarding expenditures shows that women, more than men, value household goods (related to food, health and schooling expenditures) more than private goods. The results suggest that policies aimed at improving household livelihoods must understand gender differences, obligations and priorities.
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Resource Allocation and Well-being by : Fatima Dia Dia Sow
Download or read book Intrahousehold Resource Allocation and Well-being written by Fatima Dia Dia Sow and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intra-household Resource Allocation by : Beatrice Lorge Rogers
Download or read book Intra-household Resource Allocation written by Beatrice Lorge Rogers and published by United Nations University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United Nations sales no. E.90.III.A.2
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Inequality and the Theory of Targeting by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book Intrahousehold Inequality and the Theory of Targeting written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a start at linking the literatures on targeting and on intrahousehold inequality which have developed rapidly but largely independent of each other.
Book Synopsis Are Better-off Households More Unequal Or Less Unequal? by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book Are Better-off Households More Unequal Or Less Unequal? written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the framework of intrahousehold bargaining, it is argued that (1) targeting of transfers to disadvantaged members of the household is important, (2) structural adjustment that favors cash crops over food crops may end up worsening intrahousehold inequality, and (3) as households become better- off, intrahousehold inequality may first increase and then decrease (in other words, there may exist a Kuznets curve for intrahousehold inequality).
Book Synopsis He says, she says: Exploring patterns of spousal agreement in Bangladesh by : Ambler, Kate
Download or read book He says, she says: Exploring patterns of spousal agreement in Bangladesh written by Ambler, Kate and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Participation in household decisions and control over assets are often used as indicators of bargaining power. Yet spouses do not necessarily provide the same answers to questions about these topics. We examine differences in spouses’ answers to questions regarding who participates in decisions about household activities, who owns assets, and who decides to purchase assets. Disagreement is substantial and systematic, with women more likely to report joint ownership or decision making and men more likely to report sole male ownership or decision making. Analysis of correlations between agreement and women’s well-being finds that agreement on joint decision making/ownership is generally positively associated with beneficial outcomes for women compared with agreement on sole male decision making/ownership. Cases of disagreement where women recognize their involvement but men do not are also positively associated with good outcomes for women, but often to a lesser extent than when men agree that women are involved.
Book Synopsis Bargaining, Gender and the Intra-household Allocation of Healthcare Resources by :
Download or read book Bargaining, Gender and the Intra-household Allocation of Healthcare Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on how the distribution of household health resources can be influenced by bargaining within the household with a particular focus on gender biases across children for four countries; Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The framework utilised is owed to McElroy and Horney (1981). Following McElroy and Horney the value function for our bargainers is derived and it is on this that our empirical specification is based. Our measure of healthcare resources at an individual level is $USD spent on preventative care and our analysis therefore has a multi-level structure with individuals clustered within households. The Hausman Taylor estimator is utilised to allow for certain explanatory variables to be endogenous with the household effects. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) through a household survey compiled the dataset used in this study in early 2007. The results reject the unitary model for all four countries, with the education gap between spouses being the most influential characteristic with respect to bargaining. The results also indicate a pro-boy bias with respect to resource allocation across children for all countries.
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Allocation and Economic Development by : Tianrong Zhang
Download or read book Intrahousehold Allocation and Economic Development written by Tianrong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding household decisions is crucial for promoting gender equality and economic development. First, individuals in developing countries, especially women, spend more of their lives married. According to UN estimates (2018), 23% of women in the least developed countries are already married by age 19, compared to 3% of women in developed countries. Second, women and children are more likely to be poor than men, even after controlling for total household income (Dunbar et al. 2013). To lift women and children out of poverty, we must first understand the roots of unequal distribution in the household. Lastly, policymakers need to make informed choices that affect intrahousehold dynamics. From the identity of beneficiaries to information disseminated, every policy makes implicit assumptions on household decision-making. Understanding how households make decisions can improve the targeting of anti-poverty programs, reduce poverty of women and children, and promote equitable gender norms. What matters for intrahousehold allocation and the welfare of its members? Empirically, a large literature has proposed that increasing the amount of income controlled by women can increase their bargaining power and improve child development outcomes (e.g. Duflo 2003). Building on this literature, I show that in addition to the amount of income, the observability and the source of one's income also affect household decision-making and investment in children. That is, not all incomes are created equal. The first two chapters of my dissertation study the role of asymmetric information and unobservable income in household allocation. In many developing countries where employment is often informal and volatile, household members cannot perfectly observe each other's income. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I present novel empirical evidence that individuals hide employment income from other household members. Using both field survey data collected in western Kenya and a nationally representative dataset in Indonesia, I find that workers hide up to 20% of their employment income from other household members. I develop a model of strategic hidden income that explains why intrahousehold hidden income can persist in a Nash equilibrium. The key feature of the model is that each member of the household can strategically underreport income, increasing private consumption at the expense of household efficiency. hiding may come at a utility cost, but it allows workers to consume more private goods than otherwise, that is, by engaging in intrahousehold bargaining. In equilibrium, cooperation is endogenous and may be incomplete, as household members collectively allocate reported income, but total income is not allocated efficiently. Empirical tests reject collective rationality and support partial income pooling, which is consistent with strategic hidden income. Hiding is not only large in magnitude, but it is also economically significant. In Kenya and Indonesia, households with measured income hiding consume more private goods (such as tobacco and transfers to extended family) and spend less on groceries. In Indonesia, children in households with measured hidden income consume less protein-rich foods and are more likely to be underweight for their age. However, this effect only manifests when the income is hidden from the wife. These children continue to fare worse as adults, as they are more likely to be underweight (girls) and less likely to be employed (boys). In contrast, income hidden from the husband is not correlated with worse child outcomes. Using experimental methods, I further explore the causal effects of income hiding on household consumption in the second chapter of the dissertation. In a lab-in-the-field experiment, I exogenously vary the observability of experimental endowment that 610 Kenyan couples receive. After receiving the endowment, couples play a modified public goods game, where they first choose how much to allocate to a personal pot and a shared pot, where allocation to the shared pot is doubled and divided between the two spouses. In addition, the participant makes consumption choices out of a menu of common household goods, children's goods, and private goods. While the available consumption choices are the same for personal and household pots, consuming out of the personal pot is unobserved by the spouse. I find that when income is unobservable, both husbands and wives share less with their spouses, which is consistent with income hiding. In addition, husbands consume significantly more private goods when income is unobservable, while wives do not change their consumption behavior. Hiding in the experiment is predicted by high sharing pressure and is positively correlated with survey-based measures of income hiding. In addition to the observability of income, the source of income also matters in household allocation. In the final chapter of the dissertation, I turn to studying a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico, and compare the effects of employment and welfare income on household allocation. Using data from Mexico's Progresa conditional cash transfer program, I show that receiving cash transfers reallocates household resources from adults to children. In contrast, female employment reallocates resources from male household members (men and boys) to female ones (women and girls). This suggests that a policy encouraging female employment can be more effective at decreasing gender inequality than welfare programs providing cash transfers to women.
Book Synopsis Impact Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program by : John Maluccio
Download or read book Impact Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program written by John Maluccio and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2005 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the Nicaraguan government implemented a conditional cash transfer program designed to improve the nutritional, health, and educational status of poor households, and thereby to reduce short- and long-term poverty. Based on the Mexican government's successful PROGRESA program, Nicaragua's Red de Proteccion Social (RPS) sought to supplement household income, reduce primary school dropout rates, and increase the health care and nutritional status of children under the age of five. This report represents IFPRI's evaluation of phase I of RPS. It shows that the program was effective in low-income areas and particularly effective when addressing health care and education needs. The report offers the first extensive assessment of a Nicaraguan government antipoverty program.
Author :Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing Publisher :International Food Policy Research Insitute ISBN 13 : Total Pages :296 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Household Decisions, Gender, and Development by : Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing
Download or read book Household Decisions, Gender, and Development written by Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing and published by International Food Policy Research Insitute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-Rom included.
Book Synopsis Assembling Flowers and Cultivating Homes by : Greta Friedemann-Sánchez
Download or read book Assembling Flowers and Cultivating Homes written by Greta Friedemann-Sánchez and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colombia is a major exporter of fresh-cut flowers. As in other global assembly line industries, women constitute a majority of Colombia's floriculture workforce. This ethnographic study explores the links between agro-industrial employment in the context of economic adjustment programs and the individual experience of employment and economic change at the household level. Author Greta Friedemann-Sánchez's challenges the current academic consensus that transnational assembly line industries reinforce patriarchal ideologies of reproduction and the exploitation of women. What from a global perspective may be perceived as exploitation can be seen from the local perspective as an opportunity within the community. Specifically, the study focuses on how the interrelated factors of formal employment, wage income, property ownership, social capital, and self-esteem articulate with women's resistance to male dominated households and domestic violence. Expertly combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, Assembling Flowers and Cultivating Homes contributes greatly to the study of gender and power, household economics and structure, and Latin American society.
Book Synopsis The Welfare State Revisited by : José Antonio Ocampo
Download or read book The Welfare State Revisited written by José Antonio Ocampo and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The welfare state has been under attack for decades, but now more than ever there is a need for strong social protection systems—the best tools we have to combat inequality, support social justice, and even improve economic performance. In this book, José Antonio Ocampo and Joseph E. Stiglitz bring together distinguished contributors to examine the global variations of social programs and make the case for a redesigned twenty-first-century welfare state. The Welfare State Revisited takes on major debates about social well-being, considering the merits of universal versus targeted policies; responses to market failures; integrating welfare and economic development; and how welfare states around the world have changed since the neoliberal turn. Contributors offer prescriptions for how to respond to the demands generated by demographic changes, the changing role of the family, new features of labor markets, the challenges of aging societies, and technological change. They consider how strengthening or weakening social protection programs affects inequality, suggesting ways to facilitate the spread of effective welfare states throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Presenting new insights into the functions the welfare state can fulfill and how to design a more efficient and more equitable system, The Welfare State Revisited is essential reading on the most discussed issues in social welfare today.
Book Synopsis Measurement of intra-household resource control: Exploring the validity of experimental measures by : Ambler, Kate
Download or read book Measurement of intra-household resource control: Exploring the validity of experimental measures written by Ambler, Kate and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the validity of experimental methods designed to measure preferences for intra-household resource control among spouses in Ghana and Uganda. We implement two incentivized tasks; (1) a game that measures willingness to pay to control resources, and (2) private and joint dictator games that measure preferences for resource allocation and the extent to which those preferences are reflected in joint decisions. Behavior in the two tasks is correlated, suggesting that they describe similar underlying latent variables. In Uganda the experimental measures are robustly correlated with a range of household survey measures of resource control and women’s empowerment and suggest that simple private dictator games may be as informative as more sophisticated tasks. In Ghana, the experimental measures are not predictive of survey indicators, suggesting that context may be an important element of whether experimental measures are informative.