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Intrafascicular Electrodes For The Activation Of Peripheral Nerves
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Book Synopsis Intrafascicular Electrodes for the Activation of Peripheral Nerves by : Aritra Kundu
Download or read book Intrafascicular Electrodes for the Activation of Peripheral Nerves written by Aritra Kundu and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of a neural electrode is often measured by its performance in the selective stimulation of or recording from individual fascicles within a peripheral nerve without damaging the nerve. Neural prostheses are limited by the availability of peripheral neural electrodes that can be used to record the user's intention or to provide sensory feedback through functional electrical stimulation for an extended duration. Improvement in future neural prostheses may be achieved through the availability of multichannel, bidirectional neural interfaces, such as the transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME). The aim of this thesis was to investigate the biofunctionality, biostability, and biosafety of the TIME in an animal model that bears a close neuroanatomical resemblance to the human. To this end, four research questions were formulated: 1) Is the pig model neuro-anatomically suitable for the simulation of the actions and reactions of a neural electrode in a large human-sized peripheral nerve? This question was addressed in study 1 in which a comparative morphology study was performed on the median and ulnar nerves of Danish landrace pigs and Gottingen mini-pigs. Nerve specimens were selected at different levels for analysis. The number of fascicles in each nerve was counted, and the fascicle diameters were measured. 2) How selective is the TIME compared to other intrafascicular electrodes, such as the thin-film longitudinal intrafascicular electrode (tfLIFE)? Study 2 was performed to address this question. A comparative stimulation selectivity study was performed in Danish Landrace pigs with the TIME and tfLIFE. Electrodes were implanted in the median nerve, and sequential electric stimulation was applied to individual contacts. The compound muscle action potentials of seven forelimb muscles were recorded to quantify muscle recruitment. 3) Is the TIME biostable and biofunctional for long-term implantation? This question was addressed in study 3 in which the chronic stimulation selectivity of the TIME was evaluated on Gottingen mini-pigs. 4) Does the TIME fulfil the criteria of biocompatibility and chronic stability? Study 4 was conducted to address this question. Immunohistological analysis was conducted on nerve specimens from chronic experiment pigs that had been implanted with TIMEs in study 3.
Book Synopsis Intrafascicular Electrodes for the Activation of Peripheral Nerves by : Aritra Kundu
Download or read book Intrafascicular Electrodes for the Activation of Peripheral Nerves written by Aritra Kundu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Controlled and Selective Activation of Peripheral Nerves Using a Multi-contact Self-sizing Spiral Cuff Electrode by : Matthew David Tarler
Download or read book Controlled and Selective Activation of Peripheral Nerves Using a Multi-contact Self-sizing Spiral Cuff Electrode written by Matthew David Tarler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Peripheral Nerve Interface Using Intrafascicular Electrodes by : Timothy G. McNaughton
Download or read book A Peripheral Nerve Interface Using Intrafascicular Electrodes written by Timothy G. McNaughton and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroprosthetics by : Kenneth W. Horch
Download or read book Neuroprosthetics written by Kenneth W. Horch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections which address: neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; and future developments.
Book Synopsis Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Via Regenerative Sieve Microelectrodes by : Matthew R. MacEwan
Download or read book Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Via Regenerative Sieve Microelectrodes written by Matthew R. MacEwan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of peripheral nervous tissue offers a promising method for restoring motor function in patients suffering from complex neurological injuries. However, existing microelectrodes designed to stimulate peripheral nerve are unable to provide the type of stable, selective interface required to achieve near-physiologic control of peripheral motor axons and distal musculature. Regenerative sieve electrodes offer a unique alternative to such devices, achieving a highly stable, selective electrical interface with independent groups of regenerated nerve fibers integrated into the electrode. Yet, the capability of sieve electrodes to functionally recruit regenerated motor axons for the purpose of muscle activation remains largely unexplored. The present dissertation aims to examine the potential role of regenerative electrodes in FES applications by testing the unifying hypothesis that sieve electrodes of various design and geometry are capable of selectively stimulating regenerated motor axons for the purpose of controlling muscle activation. This hypothesis was systematically tested through a series of experiments examining the ability of both micro-sieve electrodes and macro-sieve electrodes to achieve a stable interface with peripheral nerve tissue, electrically activate small groups of regenerated motor axons, and selectively recruit motor units present in multiple distal muscles. Custom sieve electrodes were fabricated via sacrificial photolithography. In vivo testing in rat sciatic nerve validated the ability of chronically-implanted regenerative sieve electrodes to support motor axon regeneration and integrate into peripheral nerve tissue. Sieve electrode geometry was shown to strongly modulate axonal regeneration, muscle reinnervation, and device functionality, as high-transparency macro-sieve electrodes facilitated superior neural integration and functional recovery compared to low-transparency micro-sieve electrodes. Inclusion of neurotrophic factors into sieve electrode assemblies increased axonal regeneration through implanted electrodes and improved the quality of the sieve/nerve interface in low-transparency devices. In vivo testing in rat sciatic nerve further validated the ability of chronically-implanted regenerative sieve electrodes to facilitate FES of regenerated motor axons and selective recruitment of distal musculature. Selective stimulation of regenerated motor axons using implanted micro- and macro-sieve electrodes enabled effective, external control of muscle activation within anterior and posterior compartments of the lower leg (e.g. ankle plantarflexion / dorsiflexion). Selective activation of distal musculature was achieved through modulation of stimulus amplitude, channel activation, and field steering. In summary, the present body of work provides initial evidence of the utility of regenerative electrodes as a means of selectively interfacing peripheral nerve tissue for the purpose of restoring muscle activation and motor control. These findings further highlight the clinical potential of implantable microelectrodes capable of intimately integrating into host neural tissue.
Book Synopsis Neural Interface Engineering by : Liang Guo
Download or read book Neural Interface Engineering written by Liang Guo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive reference to major neural interfacing technologies used to transmit signals between the physical world and the nervous system for repairing, restoring and even augmenting body functions. The authors discuss the classic approaches for neural interfacing, the major challenges encountered, and recent, emerging techniques to mitigate these challenges for better chronic performances. Readers will benefit from this book’s unprecedented scope and depth of coverage on the technology of neural interfaces, the most critical component in any type of neural prostheses. Provides comprehensive coverage of major neural interfacing technologies; Reviews and discusses both classic and latest, emerging topics; Includes classification of technologies to provide an easy grasp of research and trends in the field.
Book Synopsis Targeted Muscle Reinnervation by : Todd A. Kuiken
Download or read book Targeted Muscle Reinnervation written by Todd A. Kuiken and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implement TMR with Your Patients and Improve Their Quality of LifeDeveloped by Dr. Todd A. Kuiken and Dr. Gregory A. Dumanian, targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a new approach to accessing motor control signals from peripheral nerves after amputation and providing sensory feedback to prosthesis users. This practical approach has many advantage
Book Synopsis Addition of an Intrafascicular Electrode at the Site of Application of a Multipolar Nerve Cuff Enhances the Opportunity for Selective Fascicular Activation by :
Download or read book Addition of an Intrafascicular Electrode at the Site of Application of a Multipolar Nerve Cuff Enhances the Opportunity for Selective Fascicular Activation written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multipolar nerve cuffs are being developed to apply to peripheral trunk nerves in an effort to limit the number of implanted components of an FES system, while at the same time allowing specific fascicles within the cuffed nerve to be independently activated. Because the electrode contact sites of a multipolar circumferential fitted cuff are positioned only at the surface of the cuffed nerve, it is difficult to activate fascicules that are located deep within the nerve. This situation might be improved if one or more additional electrode contacts were provided within the core of the nerve. An obvious choice for such a contact is to use an intrafascicular electrode (IFE) such as those described by Horch and his colleagues. In our present study we inserted a single IFE into a trunk nerve that subserves the forelimb muscles in an adult anaesthetized pig. An 18 pole multichannel nerve cuff was then applied to the nerve at the same site. We stimulated different combinations of the cuff contact sites with and without the IFE while monitoring the evoked EMGs from an array of innervated forearm and shoulder muscles to assess the ability to activate different fascicles independently. The results have shown that the use of the IFE in combination with the normal cuff contacts can afford modest improvements in the degree of selective muscle activation that is possible.
Book Synopsis Implantable Neural Prostheses 1 by : David Zhou
Download or read book Implantable Neural Prostheses 1 written by David Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant progress has been made in the development of neural prostheses to restore human functions and improve the quality of human life. Biomedical engineers and neuroscientists around the world are working to improve design and performance of existing devices and to develop novel devices for artificial vision, artificial limbs, and brain–machine interfaces. This book, Implantable Neural Prostheses 1: Devices and Applications,ispart one of a two-book series and describes state-of-the-art advances in techniques associated with implantable neural prosthetic devices and their applications. Devices covered include sensory prosthetic devices, such as visual implants, cochlear implants, auditory midbrain implants, and spinal cord stimulators. Motor prosthetic devices, such as deep brain stimulators, Bion microstimu- tors, the brain control and sensing interface, and cardiac electro-stimulation devices are also included. Progress in magnetic stimulation that may offer a non-invasive approach to prosthetic devices is introduced. Regulatory approval of implantable medical devices in the United States and Europe is also discussed.
Book Synopsis Neural Prostheses by : William F. Agnew
Download or read book Neural Prostheses written by William F. Agnew and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroengineering by : Nitish V. Thakor
Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Book Synopsis Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function by : John K. Chapin
Download or read book Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function written by John K. Chapin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prospect of interfacing the nervous system with electronic devices to stimulate or record from neural tissue suggests numerous possibilities in the field of neuroprosthetics. While the creation of a "six million dollar man" may still be far into the future, neural prostheses are rapidly becoming viable theories for a broad range of patients wit
Book Synopsis Electrical Nerve Stimulation by : Frank Rattay
Download or read book Electrical Nerve Stimulation written by Frank Rattay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional electrical stimulation is the most important application in the field of clinical treatment with currents or magnetism. This technique artificially generates neural activity in order to overcome lost functions of the paralized, incontinent or sensory handicapped patient. Electricity and magnetism is also used in many cases, e.g., to stimulate bone growth or wound healing. Nevertheless, the basic mechanism of the artificial excitation of nerve and muscle fibers has become known only in the last few years. Although many textbooks are concerned with the natural excitation process there is a lack of information on the influence of an applied electrical or magnetic field. This book, written for students and biomedical engineers, should close the gap and, furthermore, it should stimulate the design of new instrumentation using optimal strategies.
Book Synopsis Neural Interface: Frontiers and Applications by : Xiaoxiang Zheng
Download or read book Neural Interface: Frontiers and Applications written by Xiaoxiang Zheng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the frontiers of neural interface technology, including hardware, software, neural decoding and encoding, control systems, and system integration. It also discusses applications for neuroprosthetics, neural diseases and neurorobotics, and the toolkits for basic neuroscience. A neural interface establishes a direct communication channel with the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS), and enables the nervous system to interact directly with the external devices. Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering are speeding up neural interface technology, paving the way for assisting, augmenting, repairing or restoring sensorimotor and other cognitive functions impaired due to neurological disease or trauma, and so improving the quality of life of those affected. Neural interfaces are now being explored in applications as diverse as rehabilitation, accessibility, gaming, education, recreation, robotics and human enhancement. Neural interfaces also represent a powerful tool to address fundamental questions in neuroscience. Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the field, with a huge impact not only in the development of neuroprosthetics, but also in our basic understanding of brain function. Neural interface technology can be seen as a bridge across the traditional engineering and basic neuroscience. This book provides researchers, graduate and upper undergraduate students from a wide range of disciplines with a cutting-edge and comprehensive summary of neural interface engineering research.
Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink
Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Book Synopsis Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
