Intersex Rights

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Intersexuality and the Law

Author : Julie A. Greenberg
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814731899
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersexuality and the Law by : Julie A. Greenberg

Download or read book Intersexuality and the Law written by Julie A. Greenberg and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2013 Bullough Award presented by the Foundation for the Scientific Study of Sexuality The term “intersex” evokes diverse images, typically of people who are both male and female or neither male nor female. Neither vision is accurate. The millions of people with an intersex condition, or DSD (disorder of sex development), are men or women whose sex chromosomes, gonads, or sex anatomy do not fit clearly into the male/female binary norm. Until recently, intersex conditions were shrouded in shame and secrecy: many adults were unaware that they had been born with an intersex condition and those who did know were advised to hide the truth. Current medical protocols and societal treatment of people with an intersex condition are based upon false stereotypes about sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and disability, which create unique challenges to framing effective legal claims and building a strong cohesive movement. In Intersexuality and the Law, Julie A. Greenberg examines the role that legal institutions can play in protecting the rights of people with an intersex condition. She also explores the relationship between the intersex movement and other social justice movements that have effectively utilized legal strategies to challenge similar discriminatory practices. She discusses the feasibility of forming effective alliances and developing mutually beneficial legal arguments with feminists, LGBT organizations, and disability rights advocates to eradicate the discrimination suffered by these marginalized groups.

The Legal Status of Intersex Persons

Author : Jens M. Scherpe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781780684758
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis The Legal Status of Intersex Persons by : Jens M. Scherpe

Download or read book The Legal Status of Intersex Persons written by Jens M. Scherpe and published by . This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until very recently, the legal gender of a person-both at birth and later in life-in virtually all jurisdictions had to be recorded as either male or female; most laws simply did not allow any other option. However, there are many cases where this gender binary is unable to capture the reality of a person's gender identity. In 2013, Germany became the first Western jurisdiction in modern times to introduce legislation allowing a person's gender to be recorded as 'indeterminate' at birth and thus give them a legal gender status other than male or female. However, despite good intentions, this legislation has proved problematic in many ways and is subject to pertinent criticism. Several other jurisdictions are now beginning to react to challenges to the gender binary. The Legal Status of Intersex Persons provides a basis for discussions surrounding law reform in this area. It contains contributions from medical, psychological, and theological perspectives, as well as national legal perspectives from Germany, Malta, Australia, India, the Netherlands, Columbia, Sweden, France, and the USA. It explores international human rights aspects of intersex legal recognition, and it features chapters on private international law and legal history. [Subject: Human Rights Law, Gender & the Law, Private International Law, Legal History]

Intersex Rights

Author : Nikoletta Pikramenou
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303027554X
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersex Rights by : Nikoletta Pikramenou

Download or read book Intersex Rights written by Nikoletta Pikramenou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses intersex rights violations and analyses intersex people’s legal demands as expressed by intersex activists themselves and delivered through statements and reports issued by intersex rights organisations, the United Nations and the Council of Europe. Intersex people are born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male or female bodies, as a result of which they are stigmatised, marginalised and denied the recognition of their fundamental rights. Often, they are subjected to involuntary and harmful sex “normalising” surgeries at birth, which violate their bodily integrity, self-determination and informed consent, so as to comply with societal and legal norms. Moreover, binary legal frameworks prevent them from enjoying the rights to access identification documents, start a family, or be free from discrimination in all areas including employment and sports. To elaborate on intersex violations that emanate from binary laws, this book examines the situation of intersex rights in regional jurisdictions worldwide and within the European Union in particular. In the process, it identifies current legal barriers and suggests how intersex people could be accommodated under legal frameworks and achieve sex/gender equality beyond binary definitions.

Contesting Intersex

Author : Georgiann Davis
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479814156
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting Intersex by : Georgiann Davis

Download or read book Contesting Intersex written by Georgiann Davis and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When sociologist Georgiann Davis was a teenager, her doctors discovered that she possessed XY chromosomes, marking her as intersex. Rather than share this information with her, they withheld the diagnosis in order to "protect" the development of her gender identity; it was years before Davis would see her own medical records as an adult and learn the truth. Davis' experience is not unusual. Many intersex people feel isolated from one another and violated by medical practices that support conventional notions of the male/female sex binary which have historically led to secrecy and shame about being intersex. Yet, the rise of intersex activism and visibility in the US has called into question the practice of classifying intersex as an abnormality, rather than as a mere biological variation. This shift in thinking has the potential to transform entrenched intersex medical treatment. In Contesting Intersex, Davis draws on interviews with intersex people, their parents, and medical experts to explore the oft-questioned views on intersex in medical and activist communities, as well as the evolution of thought in regards to intersex visibility and transparency. She finds that framing intersex as an abnormality is harmful and can alter the course of one's life. In fact, controversy over this framing continues, as intersex has been renamed a 'disorder of sex development' throughout medicine. This happened, she suggests, as a means for doctors to reassert their authority over the intersex body in the face of increasing intersex activism in the 1990s and feminist critiques of intersex medical treatment. Davis argues the renaming of 'intersex' as a 'disorder of sex development' is strong evidence that the intersex diagnosis is dubious. Within the intersex community, though, disorder of sex development terminology is hotly disputed; some prefer not to use a term which pathologizes their bodies, while others prefer to think of intersex in scientific terms. Although terminology is currently a source of tension within the movement, Davis hopes intersex activists and their allies can come together to improve the lives of intersex people, their families, and future generations. However, for this to happen, the intersex diagnosis, as well as sex, gender, and sexuality, needs to be understood as socially constructed phenomena." -- Publisher's description

Intersex Matters

Author : David A. Rubin
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438467567
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersex Matters by : David A. Rubin

Download or read book Intersex Matters written by David A. Rubin and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes intersex debates through a queer feminist, intersectional, and transnational lens. Intersex Matters analyzes the medicalization of people diagnosed as “intersex,” which is an umbrella term for individuals born with sexual anatomies various societies deem to be nonstandard. Through an examination of medico-scientific, scholarly, political, and popular archives from the mid-twentieth century to the present, Rubin argues that the medical regulation of atypical sex is fundamentally a feminist and a queer issue, and an intersectional and transnational one as well. Critical attention to intersex lives, bodies, narratives, and activisms profoundly reconfigures contemporary paradigms of sex/gender, race, health, normality, biopolitics, and human rights. Rubin charts the emergence of intersex rights activism in the global north and global south, thus demonstrating the value of understanding intersex experience when rethinking the vicissitudes of body politics in a globally interconnected world. David A. Rubin is Assistant Professor of Women’s and Gender Studies at the University of South Florida.

Making Sense of Intersex

Author : Ellen K. Feder
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253012325
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Sense of Intersex by : Ellen K. Feder

Download or read book Making Sense of Intersex written by Ellen K. Feder and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A philosopher offers a framework for the treatment of intersex children, and a moral argument for responsibility to them and their families. Putting the ethical tools of philosophy to work, Ellen K. Feder seeks to clarify how we should understand “the problem” of intersex. Adults often report that medical interventions they underwent as children to “correct” atypical sex anatomies caused them physical and psychological harm. Proposing a philosophical framework for the treatment of children with intersex conditions—one that acknowledges the intertwined identities of parents, children, and their doctors—Feder presents a persuasive moral argument for collective responsibility to these children and their families. “In a voice both urgent and nuanced, Feder squarely faces the complexities that accompany the care of people with atypical sex anatomies in medical science. . . . Rich with cross-discipline potential, Feder’s engaging argument should provide a new approach for doctors and parents caring for children with atypical sex anatomy.” —Publishers Weekly, starred review “Feder’s book is a welcome injection of new ideas into feminist scholarship on intersex, post-Consensus Statement era.” —Women’s Review of Books “Is a work of philosophy capable of bringing insightful new perspectives or illuminating and forceful arguments to an urgent social matter so as truly to effect a felt change in the lives of people concerned by it? Feder’s book is capable of this effect. As such, it takes the risk of calling forth a new public, or a new readership, and so is a work whose appeal could well be ahead of its time. But its time should be here.” —International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics “Making Sense of Intersex significantly enhances our understanding of intersex and the ethical issues involved in medical practice more generally.” —Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal

Intersex Embodiment

Author : Fae Garland
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529217377
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersex Embodiment by : Fae Garland

Download or read book Intersex Embodiment written by Fae Garland and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the divergent medical, political and legal constructions of intersex. The authors use empirical data to explore how intersex people are embodied through these frameworks which in turn influence their lived experiences. Through their analysis, the authors reveal the factors that motivate and influence the way in which policy makers and legislators approach the area of intersex rights. They reflect on the limitations of law as the primary vehicle in challenging healthcare’s framing of intersex as a ‘disorder’ in need of fixing. Finally, they offer a more holistic account of intersex justice which is underpinned by psychosocial support and bodily integrity.

"I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me"

Author : InterACT
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781623135027
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis "I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me" by : InterACT

Download or read book "I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me" written by InterACT and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report examines the physical and psychological damage caused by medically unnecessary surgery on intersex people, who are born with chromosomes, gonads, sex organs, or genitalia that differ from those seen as socially typical for boys and girls. The report examines the controversy over the operations inside the medical community, and the pressure on parents to opt for surgery"--Publisher's description.

Raising Rosie

Author : Stephani Lohman
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1784506524
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (845 download)

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Book Synopsis Raising Rosie by : Stephani Lohman

Download or read book Raising Rosie written by Stephani Lohman and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2019 STONEWALL HONOR BOOK When their daughter Rosie was born, Eric and Stephani Lohman found themselves thrust into a situation they were not prepared for. Born intersex - a term that describes people who are born with a variety of physical characteristics that do not fit neatly into traditional conceptions about male and female bodies - Rosie's parents were pressured to consent to normalizing surgery on Rosie, without being offered any alternatives despite their concerns. Part memoir, part guidebook, this powerful book tells the authors' experience of refusing to have Rosie operated on and how they raised a child who is intersex. The book looks at how they spoke about the condition to friends and family, to Rosie's teachers and caregivers, and shows how they plan on explaining it to Rosie when she is older. This uplifting and empowering story is a must read for all parents of intersex children.

Born Both

Author : Hida Viloria
Publisher : Hachette Books
ISBN 13 : 0316347817
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Born Both by : Hida Viloria

Download or read book Born Both written by Hida Viloria and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the world's foremost intersex activists, a candid, provocative, and eye-opening memoir of gender identity, self-acceptance, and love. My name is Hida Viloria. I was raised as a girl but discovered at a young age that my body looked different. Having endured an often turbulent home life as a kid, there were many times when I felt scared and alone, especially given my attraction to girls. But unlike most people in the first world who are born intersex--meaning they have genitals, reproductive organs, hormones, and/or chromosomal patterns that do not fit standard definitions of male or female--I grew up in the body I was born with because my parents did not have my sex characteristics surgically altered at birth. It wasn't until I was twenty-six and encountered the term intersex in a San Francisco newspaper that I finally had a name for my difference. That's when I began to explore what it means to live in the space between genders--to be both and neither. I tried living as a feminine woman, an androgynous person, and even for a brief period of time as a man. Good friends would not recognize me, and gay men would hit on me. My gender fluidity was exciting, and in many ways freeing--but it could also be isolating. I had to know if there were other intersex people like me, but when I finally found an intersex community to connect with I was shocked, and then deeply upset, to learn that most of the people I met had been scarred, both physically and psychologically, by infant surgeries and hormone treatments meant to "correct" their bodies. Realizing that the invisibility of intersex people in society facilitated these practices, I made it my mission to bring an end to it--and became one of the first people to voluntarily come out as intersex at a national and then international level. Born Both is the story of my lifelong journey toward finding love and embracing my authentic identity in a world that insists on categorizing people into either/or, and of my decades-long fight for human rights and equality for intersex people everywhere.

Intersexuality and the Law

Author : Julie A. Greenberg
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814738605
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersexuality and the Law by : Julie A. Greenberg

Download or read book Intersexuality and the Law written by Julie A. Greenberg and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2013 Bullough Award presented by the Foundation for the Scientific Study of Sexuality The term “intersex” evokes diverse images, typically of people who are both male and female or neither male nor female. Neither vision is accurate. The millions of people with an intersex condition, or DSD (disorder of sex development), are men or women whose sex chromosomes, gonads, or sex anatomy do not fit clearly into the male/female binary norm. Until recently, intersex conditions were shrouded in shame and secrecy: many adults were unaware that they had been born with an intersex condition and those who did know were advised to hide the truth. Current medical protocols and societal treatment of people with an intersex condition are based upon false stereotypes about sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and disability, which create unique challenges to framing effective legal claims and building a strong cohesive movement. In Intersexuality and the Law, Julie A. Greenberg examines the role that legal institutions can play in protecting the rights of people with an intersex condition. She also explores the relationship between the intersex movement and other social justice movements that have effectively utilized legal strategies to challenge similar discriminatory practices. She discusses the feasibility of forming effective alliances and developing mutually beneficial legal arguments with feminists, LGBT organizations, and disability rights advocates to eradicate the discrimination suffered by these marginalized groups.

Critical Intersex

Author : Morgan Holmes
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317157303
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Intersex by : Morgan Holmes

Download or read book Critical Intersex written by Morgan Holmes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, intersex studies has not received the scholarly attention it deserves as research in this area has been centred around certain key questions, scholars and geographical regions. Exploring previously neglected territories, this book broadens the scope of intersex studies, whilst adopting perspectives that turn the gaze of the liberal, humanist, scientific outlook upon itself, in order to reconfigure debates about rights, autonomy and subjectivity, and challenges the accepted paradigms of intersex identity politics. Presenting the latest theoretical and empirical research from an international group of experts, this is a truly interdisciplinary volume containing critical approaches from both the humanities and social sciences. With its contributions to sociology, anthropology, medicine, law, history, cultural studies, psychology and psychoanalysis, Critical Intersex will appeal to scholars and clinical practitioners alike.

Transgender Family Law

Author : Edited by Jennifer L. Levi & Elizabeth E. Monnin-Browder
Publisher : Author House
ISBN 13 : 1468554530
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Transgender Family Law by : Edited by Jennifer L. Levi & Elizabeth E. Monnin-Browder

Download or read book Transgender Family Law written by Edited by Jennifer L. Levi & Elizabeth E. Monnin-Browder and published by Author House. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transgender people have unique needs and vulnerabilities in the family law context. Any family law attorney engaged in representing transgender clients must know the ins and outs of this rapidly developing area of law. Transgender Family Law: A Guide to Effective Advocacy is the first book to comprehensively address legal issues facing transgender people in the family law context and provide practitioners the tools to effectively represent transgender clients. The chapters address a broad range of topics, including: Culturally Competent Representation, Recognition of Name and Sex, Relationship Recognition and Protections, Protecting Parental Rights, Relationship Dissolution, Parental Rights after Relationship Dissolution, Custody Disputes Involving Transgender Children, Protections for Transgender Youth, Intimate Partner Violence, Estate Planning and Elder Law. Written by attorneys with expertise in both family law and advocacy for transgender clients, including: Kylar W. Broadus, Patience Crozier, Benjamin L. Jerner, Michelle B. LaPointe, Jennifer L. Levi, Morgan Lynn, Shannon Price Minter, Elizabeth E. Monnin-Browder, Zack M. Paakkonen, Terra Slavin, Wayne A. Thomas Jr., Deborah H. Wald, and Janson Wu, Transgender Family Law is a must-have, practical guide for attorneys interested in becoming effective advocates for their clients. It is also a valuable resource to consult for any transgender person who is forming, expanding, or dissolving a family relationship.

Religion and Intersex

Author : Stephanie A. Budwey
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429671040
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion and Intersex by : Stephanie A. Budwey

Download or read book Religion and Intersex written by Stephanie A. Budwey and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the situation of intersex people who have faced erasure in the areas of science, law, culture, and theology due to the assumption that all humans are either ‘female’ or ‘male.’ Centered in interviews conducted with German intersex Christians, this book argues that moving from a paradigm of sexual dimorphism to sexual polymorphism will help promote the full humanity and flourishing of intersex people by creating a world where intersex individuals are no longer coerced and/or forced to undergo non-consensual, medically unnecessary treatment, no longer experience human rights violations because of their lack of legal protection, no longer feel inhuman and Other due to epistemic injustice that stems from socio-cultural norms and stereotypes, are no longer told they are not made in God’s image as a result of a sexually dimorphic understanding of Genesis 1:27, and no longer feel excluded and invisible in worship services that do not recognize them. This combination of the practical and the spiritual allows for a reconsideration of the medical treatment and pastoral care that should be available to intersex people. This book will be helpful to those in the disciplines of science, law, culture, and theology, particularly those in gender and theological studies and those already in and studying for lay and ordained ministry.

The Spectrum of Sex

Author : Hida Viloria
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1787752666
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis The Spectrum of Sex by : Hida Viloria

Download or read book The Spectrum of Sex written by Hida Viloria and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This transformative guide completely breaks down our current understanding of biological sex and gender diversity. Introducing readers to seven variations of human sex, commonly considered intersex, the book challenges the myth that sex and gender are exclusively binary and explores the inherent diversity of biological sex and its relationship to gender identity and expression, and the impact this has on society. Examining historical, linguistic and socio-cultural understandings of sex and gender, as well as genetic and scientific definitions, the book is an important resource for dismantling gender and sexuality-based discrimination and promoting understanding and inclusivity. Co-written by one of the world's leading intersex activists and a highly respected scholar in biological sciences, and accompanied with detailed anatomical illustrations throughout, this pioneering text is the essential introduction to gender and sex diversity for gender studies, women's studies, biology and genetics courses, as well as professionals working with intersex and trans communities.

Transgender Rights

Author : Paisley Currah
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816643127
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Transgender Rights by : Paisley Currah

Download or read book Transgender Rights written by Paisley Currah and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Transgender Rights packs a surprising amount of information into a small space. Offering spare, tightly executed essays, this slim volume nonetheless succeeds in creating a spectacular, well-researched compendium of the transgender movement." -Law Library Journal Over the past three decades, the transgender movement has gained visibility and achieved significant victories. Discrimination has been prohibited in several states, dozens of municipalities, and more than two hundred private companies, while hate crime laws in eight states have been amended to include gender identity. Yet prejudice and violence against transgender people remain all too common. With analysis from legal and policy experts, activists and advocates, Transgender Rights assesses the movement's achievements, challenges, and opportunities for future action. Examining crucial topics like family law, employment policies, public health, economics, and grassroots organizing, this groundbreaking book is an indispensable resource in the fight for the freedom and equality of those who cross gender boundaries. Moving beyond media representations to grapple with the real lives and issues of transgender people, Transgender Rights will launch a new moment for human rights activism in America. Contributors: Kylar W. Broadus, Judith Butler, Mauro Cabral, Dallas Denny, Taylor Flynn, Phyllis Randolph Frye, Julie A. Greenberg, Morgan Holmes, Bennett H. Klein, Jennifer L. Levi, Ruthann Robson, Nohemy Solórzano-Thompson, Dean Spade, Kendall Thomas, Paula Viturro, Willy Wilkinson. Paisley Currah is associate professor of political science at Brooklyn College, executive director of the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center, and a founding board member of the Transgender Law and Policy Institute. Richard M. Juang cochairs the advisory board of the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE) in Washington, DC. He has taught at Oberlin College and Susquehanna University. He is the lead editor of NCTE's Responding to Hate Crimes: A Community Resource Manual and coeditor of Transgender Justice, which explores models of activism. Shannon Price Minter is legal director of the National Center for Lesbian Rights and a founding board member of the Transgender Law and Policy Institute.

Fixing Sex

Author : Katrina Karkazis
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822389215
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Fixing Sex by : Katrina Karkazis

Download or read book Fixing Sex written by Katrina Karkazis and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-11-11 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens when a baby is born with “ambiguous” genitalia or a combination of “male” and “female” body parts? Clinicians and parents in these situations are confronted with complicated questions such as whether a girl can have XY chromosomes, or whether some penises are “too small” for a male sex assignment. Since the 1950s, standard treatment has involved determining a sex for these infants and performing surgery to normalize the infant’s genitalia. Over the past decade intersex advocates have mounted unprecedented challenges to treatment, offering alternative perspectives about the meaning and appropriate medical response to intersexuality and driving the field of those who treat intersex conditions into a deep crisis. Katrina Karkazis offers a nuanced, compassionate picture of these charged issues in Fixing Sex, the first book to examine contemporary controversies over the medical management of intersexuality in the United States from the multiple perspectives of those most intimately involved. Drawing extensively on interviews with adults with intersex conditions, parents, and physicians, Karkazis moves beyond the heated rhetoric to reveal the complex reality of how intersexuality is understood, treated, and experienced today. As she unravels the historical, technological, social, and political forces that have culminated in debates surrounding intersexuality, Karkazis exposes the contentious disagreements among theorists, physicians, intersex adults, activists, and parents—and all that those debates imply about gender and the changing landscape of intersex management. She argues that by viewing intersexuality exclusively through a narrow medical lens we avoid much more difficult questions. Do gender atypical bodies require treatment? Should physicians intervene to control the “sex” of the body? As this illuminating book reveals, debates over treatment for intersexuality force reassessment of the seemingly natural connections between gender, biology, and the body.