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International Shipping And The Iran Iraq War
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Book Synopsis The Iran-Iraq War by : Nigel John Ashton
Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Nigel John Ashton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a wide-ranging examination of the Iran–Iraq War (1980–88), featuring fresh regional and international perspectives derived from recently available new archival material. Three decades ago Iran and Iraq became embroiled in a devastating eight-year war which served to re-define the international relations of the Gulf region. The Iran–Iraq War stands as an anomaly in the Cold War era; it was the only significant conflict in which the interests of the United States and Soviet Union unwittingly aligned, with both superpowers ultimately supporting the Iraqi regime. The Iran–Iraq War re-assesses not only the superpower role in the conflict but also the war’s regional and wider international dimensions by bringing to the fore fresh evidence and new perspectives from a variety of sources. It focuses on a number of themes including the economic dimensions of the war and the roles played by a variety of powers, including the Gulf States, Turkey, France, the Soviet Union and the United States. The contributions to the volume serve to underline that the Iran–Iraq war was a defining conflict, shaping the perspectives of the key protagonists for a generation to come. This book will be of much interest to students of international and Cold War history, Middle Eastern politics, foreign policy, and International Relations in general.
Book Synopsis The Iran-Iraq War by : Pierre Razoux
Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Pierre Razoux and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1980 to 1988, Iran and Iraq fought the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. The tragedies included the slaughter of child soldiers, the use of chemical weapons, the striking of civilian shipping in the Gulf, and the destruction of cities. The Iran-Iraq War offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the region’s collective memory but little understood in the West. Pierre Razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding Middle Eastern geopolitics, from the deep-rooted distrust between Sunni and Shia Muslims, to Iran’s obsession with nuclear power, to the continuing struggles in Iraq. He provides invaluable keys to decipher Iran’s behavior and internal struggle today. Razoux’s account is based on unpublished military archives, oral histories, and interviews, as well as audio recordings seized by the U.S. Army detailing Saddam Hussein’s debates with his generals. Tracing the war’s shifting strategies and political dynamics—military operations, the jockeying of opposition forces within each regime, the impact on oil production so essential to both countries—Razoux also looks at the international picture. From the United States and Soviet Union to Israel, Europe, China, and the Arab powers, many nations meddled in this conflict, supporting one side or the other and sometimes switching allegiances. The Iran-Iraq War answers questions that have puzzled historians. Why did Saddam embark on this expensive, ultimately fruitless conflict? Why did the war last eight years when it could have ended in months? Who, if anyone, was the true winner when so much was lost?
Book Synopsis The Iran–Iraq War by : Williamson Murray
Download or read book The Iran–Iraq War written by Williamson Murray and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iran-Iraq War is one of the largest, yet least documented conflicts in the history of the Middle East. Drawing from an extensive cache of captured Iraqi government records, this book is the first comprehensive military and strategic account of the war through the lens of the Iraqi regime and its senior military commanders. It explores the rationale and decision-making processes that drove the Iraqis as they grappled with challenges that, at times, threatened their existence. Beginning with the bizarre lack of planning by the Iraqis in their invasion of Iran, the authors reveal Saddam's desperate attempts to improve the competence of an officer corps that he had purged to safeguard its loyalty to his tyranny, and then to weather the storm of suicidal attacks by Iranian religious revolutionaries. This is a unique and important contribution to our understanding of the history of war and the contemporary Middle East.
Book Synopsis The Iran-Iraq War by : Stephen C. Pelletiere
Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Stephen C. Pelletiere and published by Routledge. This book was released on with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bartleby.com presents the Columbia Encyclopedia entry for the Iran-Iraq War. The war between Iran and Iraq began in 1980 with the Iraqi land and air invasion of Iran. The war ended with a peace settlement in August of 1988.
Download or read book Tanker Wars written by Martin S. Navias and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Iran-Iraq war, hundreds of merchant vessels were attacked, more than 400 seamen killed and millions of dollars' worth of damages were suffered by owners, charterers and insurers. In the most sustained assault on merchant shipping since the Second World War, the control of shipping routes, destruction of enemy and enemy-allied ships, and the protection of oil exports, were key objectives. These campaigns touched the economic and security interests of the Gulf states by threatening their exports and highlighting their political and military vulnerability. The ripples of the tanker wars extended well beyond the region with attacks on vessels with foreign flags which invoked international concern and drew in foreign naval forces.
Book Synopsis The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War by : Annie Tracy Samuel
Download or read book The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War written by Annie Tracy Samuel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how Iran's Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) view their history and their roles in the Iran-Iraq War.
Book Synopsis Debating the Iran-Iraq War in Contemporary Iran by : Narges Bajoghli
Download or read book Debating the Iran-Iraq War in Contemporary Iran written by Narges Bajoghli and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) is a cornerstone of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s existence. It entrenched the newly established regime and provided the means for its consolidation of power in the country following the 1979 Revolution. Officially recognized as the "War of Sacred Defense", the Iranian government has been careful to control public discourse and cultural representation concerning the war since the since wartime. Nearly 30 years since the war’s end, however, debates around the war and its aftermath are still very much alive in Iran today. This volume uncovers what some of those debates mean, nearly 30 years since the war's end. The chapters in this volume take a fresh look at the far-reaching legacies of the Iran-Iraq War in Iran today – a war that dominated the first decade of the Islamic Republic’s existence. The chapters examine the political, social and cultural ramifications of the war and the wide range of debates that surround it. The chapters in this book were originally published in Middle East Critique.
Download or read book Thirst written by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi and published by Haus Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirst is the latest novel translated into English by award-winning novelist Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. Following the critical success of his acclaimed 2013 novel The Colonel, for which he won the Jan Michalski Prize for Literature, Thirst is profound, humane and mischievous in its humour, shining a light on the madness and the absurdity of a brutal war. On a strategic hill overlooking the frontier, Iraqi and Iranian troops battle for access to a water tank. The troops are delirious with thirst and on the brink of madness. They are, moreover, characters in a novel being written by an Iraqi journalist. That is, if he is given the chance to write it, a chance denied him by an Iraqi major who is in charge of a military prison and who commands the journalist to write a fictitious report about a murder in the camp aimed at demoralising the enemy soldiers. At the same time, on the other side of the border, an Iranian author writes the story of the same troop of soldiers but from an Iranian perspective. He, likewise, is interrupted, not by external forces, but by memories of his first encounter with a gun... Told in a kaleidoscopic style that weaves between the ongoing battle and the struggles of the writer, Thirst is rich with dark humour and surreal images. The emphasis on maintaining humanity and individual identity in the midst of a dehumanising conflict shows, once again, why Mahmoud Dowlatabadi is the most important Iranian novelist writing today.
Download or read book Immortal written by Steven R. Ward and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immortal is the only single-volume English-language survey of Iran’s military history. CIA analyst Steven R. Ward shows that Iran’s soldiers, from the famed “Immortals” of ancient Persia to today’s Revolutionary Guard, have demonstrated through the centuries that they should not be underestimated. This history also provides background on the nationalist, tribal, and religious heritages of the country to help readers better understand Iran and its security outlook. Immortal begins with the founding of ancient Persia’s empire under Cyrus the Great and continues through the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and up to the present. Drawing on a wide range of sources including declassified documents, the author gives primary focus to the modern era to relate the build-up of the military under the last Shah, its collapse during the Islamic revolution, its fortunes in the Iran-Iraq War, and its rise from the ashes to help Iran become once again a major regional military power. He shows that, despite command and supply problems, Iranian soldiers demonstrate high levels of bravery and perseverance and have enjoyed surprising tactical successes even when victory has been elusive. These qualities and the Iranians’ ability to impose high costs on their enemies by exploiting Iran’s imposing geography bear careful consideration today by potential opponents.
Book Synopsis Armies of the Iran–Iraq War 1980–88 by : Chris McNab
Download or read book Armies of the Iran–Iraq War 1980–88 written by Chris McNab and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the insecurities it provoked in Saddam Hussein's Iraqi dictatorship, the Iran–Iraq War would become the largest conventional conflict of the period. Curiously little-known considering its scale and longevity, the struggle between Iran and Iraq was primarily fought along the 1,458km border in a series of battles which, despite both sides being armed with modern small arms, armour and aircraft, often degenerated into attritional struggles reminiscent of World War I. Such a comparison was underlined by frequent periods of deadlock, the extensive use of trenches by both sides, and the deployment of chemical weapons by Iraq. Fully illustrated with specially commissioned artwork, this study investigates the organization, appearance and equipment of the ground forces of both sides in the Iran–Iraq War, including Iraq's Republican Guards and Iran's Pasdaran or Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The war resulted in stalemate with some half a million dead and at least as many wounded. The financial costs incurred in waging such a long and debilitating war were one of the spurs that led Saddam Hussein to invade Kuwait barely two years later, setting in motion one of the defining currents of recent Middle-Eastern history.
Book Synopsis The Iran-Iraq War by : Williamson Murray
Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Williamson Murray and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of the Iran-Iraq War through the lens of the Iraqi regime and its senior military commanders.
Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Rob Johnson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iran-Iraq War was personified by the determination and ambition of the key leaders, Saddam Hussein and Ayatollah Khomeini, and characterised by mass casualties, the repression of the civilian populations and chemical warfare. Fought with lucrative oil money, it left the belligerents with crippling debts. In this important reappraisal, Rob Johnson explores the major issues surrounding the war, offers a fresh analysis of the military aspects and assesses the far-reaching consequences for the wider world. It is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the ensuing conflicts in the reqion, including the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Book Synopsis Becoming Enemies by : James G. Blight
Download or read book Becoming Enemies written by James G. Blight and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Becoming Enemies brings the unique methods of critical oral history, developed to study flashpoints from the Cold War such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, to understand U.S. and Iranian relations from the fall of the Shah in 1978 through the Iranian hostage crisis and the Iran-Iraq war. Scholars and former officials involved with U.S. and UN policy take a fresh look at U.S and Iranian relations during this time, with special emphasis on the U.S. role in the Iran-Iraq War. With its remarkable declassified documentation and oral testimony that bear directly on questions of U.S. policymaking with regard to the Iran-Iraq War, Becoming Enemies reveals much that was previously unknown about U.S. policy before, during, and after the war. They go beyond mere reportage to offer lessons regarding fundamental foreign policy challenges to the U.S. that transcend time and place.
Book Synopsis Iran And Iraq At War by : Shahram Chubin
Download or read book Iran And Iraq At War written by Shahram Chubin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to understand both the nature and the consequences of the current conflict between Iraq and Iran. It is based on a research project initiated by the auspices of the Programme for Strategic and International Security Studies in Geneva.
Book Synopsis No Higher Honor by : Bradley Peniston
Download or read book No Higher Honor written by Bradley Peniston and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like its World War II namesake of Leyte Gulf fame, USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58) was a small combatant built for escort duty. But its skipper imbued his brand-new crew with a fighting spirit to match their forebears, and in 1988 when the guided missile frigate was thrust into the Persian Gulf at the height of the Iran-Iraq War, there was no better ship for the job. Forbidden to fire unless fired upon, Captain Paul Rinn and his crew sailed amid the chaos in the Gulf for two months, relying on wit and nerve to face down fighter jets and warships bent on the destruction of civilian vessels. Their sternest test came when an Iranian mine ripped open the ship's engine room, ignited fires on four decks, and plunged the ship into darkness. The crew's bravery and cool competence was credited with keeping the ship afloat, and its actions have become part of Navy lore and a staple of naval leadership courses ever since. This is the first book to record the Roberts' extraordinary tale. After years of research and interviews with crewmembers, journalist Bradley Peniston chronicles the crew's heroic efforts to save the ship as they fought flames and flooding well into the night. The author also describes the frigate's origins, its operational history, and the crew's training. Peniston's personal approach to the subject not only breathes life into the historical narrative but gives readers an opportunity to get to know the individuals involved and understand the U.S. retaliation to the mining and the battle that evolved, setting the stage for conflicts to come.
Book Synopsis Why Intelligence Fails by : Robert Jervis
Download or read book Why Intelligence Fails written by Robert Jervis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government spends enormous resources each year on the gathering and analysis of intelligence, yet the history of American foreign policy is littered with missteps and misunderstandings that have resulted from intelligence failures. In Why Intelligence Fails, Robert Jervis examines the politics and psychology of two of the more spectacular intelligence failures in recent memory: the mistaken belief that the regime of the Shah in Iran was secure and stable in 1978, and the claim that Iraq had active WMD programs in 2002. The Iran case is based on a recently declassified report Jervis was commissioned to undertake by CIA thirty years ago and includes memoranda written by CIA officials in response to Jervis's findings. The Iraq case, also grounded in a review of the intelligence community's performance, is based on close readings of both classified and declassified documents, though Jervis's conclusions are entirely supported by evidence that has been declassified. In both cases, Jervis finds not only that intelligence was badly flawed but also that later explanations—analysts were bowing to political pressure and telling the White House what it wanted to hear or were willfully blind—were also incorrect. Proponents of these explanations claimed that initial errors were compounded by groupthink, lack of coordination within the government, and failure to share information. Policy prescriptions, including the recent establishment of a Director of National Intelligence, were supposed to remedy the situation. In Jervis's estimation, neither the explanations nor the prescriptions are adequate. The inferences that intelligence drew were actually quite plausible given the information available. Errors arose, he concludes, from insufficient attention to the ways in which information should be gathered and interpreted, a lack of self-awareness about the factors that led to the judgments, and an organizational culture that failed to probe for weaknesses and explore alternatives. Evaluating the inherent tensions between the methods and aims of intelligence personnel and policymakers from a unique insider's perspective, Jervis forcefully criticizes recent proposals for improving the performance of the intelligence community and discusses ways in which future analysis can be improved.
Download or read book The Longest War written by Dilip Hiro and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
