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Interest And Prices
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Book Synopsis Interest and Prices by : Michael Woodford
Download or read book Interest and Prices written by Michael Woodford and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, any pretense of a connection of the world's currencies to any real commodity has been abandoned. Yet since the 1980s, most central banks have abandoned money-growth targets as practical guidelines for monetary policy as well. How then can pure "fiat" currencies be managed so as to create confidence in the stability of national units of account? Interest and Prices seeks to provide theoretical foundations for a rule-based approach to monetary policy suitable for a world of instant communications and ever more efficient financial markets. In such a world, effective monetary policy requires that central banks construct a conscious and articulate account of what they are doing. Michael Woodford reexamines the foundations of monetary economics, and shows how interest-rate policy can be used to achieve an inflation target in the absence of either commodity backing or control of a monetary aggregate. The book further shows how the tools of modern macroeconomic theory can be used to design an optimal inflation-targeting regime--one that balances stabilization goals with the pursuit of price stability in a way that is grounded in an explicit welfare analysis, and that takes account of the "New Classical" critique of traditional policy evaluation exercises. It thus argues that rule-based policymaking need not mean adherence to a rigid framework unrelated to stabilization objectives for the sake of credibility, while at the same time showing the advantages of rule-based over purely discretionary policymaking.
Book Synopsis Interest and Prices by : Knut Wicksell
Download or read book Interest and Prices written by Knut Wicksell and published by Ludwig von Mises Institute. This book was released on 1936 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Price of Time by : Edward Chancellor
Download or read book The Price of Time written by Edward Chancellor and published by Grove Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and profoundly relevant history of interest from one of the world’s leading financial writers, The Price of Time explains our current global financial position and how we got here In the beginning was the loan, and the loan carried interest. For at least five millennia people have been borrowing and lending at interest. The practice wasn’t always popular—in the ancient world, usury was generally viewed as exploitative, a potential path to debt bondage and slavery. Yet as capitalism became established from the late Middle Ages onwards, denunciations of interest were tempered because interest was a necessary reward for lenders to part with their capital. And interest performs many other vital functions: it encourages people to save; enables them to place a value on precious assets, such as houses and all manner of financial securities; and allows us to price risk. All economic and financial activities take place across time. Interest is often described as the “price of money,” but it is better called the “price of time:” time is scarce, time has value, interest is the time value of money. Over the first two decades of the twenty-first century, interest rates have sunk lower than ever before. Easy money after the global financial crisis in 2007/2008 has produced several ill effects, including the appearance of multiple asset price bubbles, a reduction in productivity growth, discouraging savings and exacerbating inequality, and forcing yield starved investors to take on excessive risk. The financial world now finds itself caught between a rock and a hard place, and Edward Chancellor is here to tell us why. In this enriching volume, Chancellor explores the history of interest and its essential function in determining how capital is allocated and priced.
Book Synopsis The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by : John Maynard Keynes
Download or read book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money written by John Maynard Keynes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published by Macmillan in 1936. It was voted the top Academic Book that Shaped Modern Britain by Academic Book Week (UK) in 2017, and in 2011 was placed on Time Magazine's top 100 non-fiction books written in English since 1923. Reissued with a fresh Introduction by the Nobel-prize winner Paul Krugman and a new Afterword by Keynes’ biographer Robert Skidelsky, this important work is made available to a new generation. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money transformed economics and changed the face of modern macroeconomics. Keynes’ argument is based on the idea that the level of employment is not determined by the price of labour, but by the spending of money. It gave way to an entirely new approach where employment, inflation and the market economy are concerned. Highly provocative at its time of publication, this book and Keynes’ theories continue to remain the subject of much support and praise, criticism and debate. Economists at any stage in their career will enjoy revisiting this treatise and observing the relevance of Keynes’ work in today’s contemporary climate.
Book Synopsis Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom by : Milton Friedman
Download or read book Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom written by Milton Friedman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The special task of this book is to present a statistical and theoretical analysis of the relation between the quantity of money and other key economic magnitudes over periods longer than those dominated by cyclical fluctuations-hence the term trends in the title. This book is not restricted to the United States but includes comparable data for the United Kingdom.
Book Synopsis Interest Rates and Asset Prices by : Ralph Turvey
Download or read book Interest Rates and Asset Prices written by Ralph Turvey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1960, Interest Rates and Asset Prices presents an analysis of the determination of interest rates and asset prices with the help of few simple assumptions. The theory can be regarded either as an alternative to the liquidity preference theory or as an extension of it. Like that theory, it is aggregative and simple, but it is applicable not only to interest rates on government securities but also to yields on real assets. Furthermore, it can be formulated in terms of actually measurable variables, so that it is directly applicable to particular situations. This is demonstrated by a statistical example relating to the average yield on U.S. Government securities in the post- war period. In addition to the main analysis the author discusses the role of financial intermediaries and the structure of interest rates, and there is also a re-examination of the determinants of the transactions demand for money. This is book is an essential read for students of economics.
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle by : Jordi Galí
Download or read book Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle written by Jordi Galí and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic introduction to the New Keynesian economic model This revised second edition of Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle provides a rigorous graduate-level introduction to the New Keynesian framework and its applications to monetary policy. The New Keynesian framework is the workhorse for the analysis of monetary policy and its implications for inflation, economic fluctuations, and welfare. A backbone of the new generation of medium-scale models under development at major central banks and international policy institutions, the framework provides the theoretical underpinnings for the price stability–oriented strategies adopted by most central banks in the industrialized world. Using a canonical version of the New Keynesian model as a reference, Jordi Galí explores various issues pertaining to monetary policy's design, including optimal monetary policy and the desirability of simple policy rules. He analyzes several extensions of the baseline model, allowing for cost-push shocks, nominal wage rigidities, and open economy factors. In each case, the effects on monetary policy are addressed, with emphasis on the desirability of inflation-targeting policies. New material includes the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and an analysis of unemployment’s significance for monetary policy. The most up-to-date introduction to the New Keynesian framework available A single benchmark model used throughout New materials and exercises included An ideal resource for graduate students, researchers, and market analysts
Book Synopsis Interest and Prices by : Knut Wicksell
Download or read book Interest and Prices written by Knut Wicksell and published by . This book was released on 2008-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTEREST AND PRICES Geldzins und Guterpreise A STUDY OF THE CAUSES REGULATING THE VALUE OF MONEY By KNUT WiCKSELL Translated from the German by R. F. KAHN With an Introduction by PROFESSOR BERTIL OIIL1N Published on behalf of the Royal Economic Society by MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTINS STREET, LONDON 1936 COPYRIGHT PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY R. R. CLARK, LIMITED, EDINBURGH TRANSLATORS NOTE I IFAVE to express my sincere thanks to Miss Anna Schwarz schild, who read a portion of the manuscript with great care, and to Dr. Eduard Rosenbaum, who helped me out of many difficulties. The Appendix consists of Wicksells last published article, translated from the original Swedish by Mrs H. Norberg. Wicksells Geldzins und Giiterpreise was published at Jena by Gustav Fischer in 1898. Such footnotes as I have found it necessary to insert are enclosed in square brackets. R. F. K. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION BY PROFESSOR BERTH, OHLIN . . vii AUTHORS PREFACE ...... xxiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTORY ....... 1 CHAPTER 2 PURCHASING POWER or MONEY AND AVERAGE PRICES . 7 CHAPTER 3 RELATIVE PRICES AND MONEY PRICES . . .18 CHAPTER 4 THE SO-CALLED COST OF PRODUCTION THEORY OF MONEY 29 CHAPTER 5 THE QUANTITY THEORY AND ITS OPPONENTS . .38 v vi INTEREST AND PRICES PAQM CHAPTER 6 THE VELOCITY OF CIRCULATION OF MONEY A. A Pure Cash Economy . . . . .51 B. Simple Credit ...... 59 C. An Organised Credit Economy . . . .62 CHAPTER 7 THE RATE OF INTEREST AS REGULATOR OF COMMODITY PRICES A. The Classical Theory and the School of TooJce . . 81 B. Simplest Hypothesis. Variations of the Rate of Interest when the Market Situation Remains otherwise Unaltered 87 CHAPTER 8 THE NATURAL RATE OF INTEREST ON CAPITAL AND THE RATEOF INTEREST ON LOANS . . . .102 CHAPTER 9 SYSTEMATIC EXPOSITION OF THE THEORY . A. The Causes which Determine the Natural Rate of Interest on Capital ....... 122 B. The Use of Money . . . . . .134 CHAPTER 10 INTERNATIONAL PRICE RELATIONSHIPS . . .157 CHAPTER 11 ACTUAL PRICE MOVEMENTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRECED ING THEORY . . . . . .165 CHAPTER 12 PRACTICAL PROPOSALS FOR THE STABILISATION OF THE VALUE OF MONEY . . . . . .178 APPENDIX THE MONETARY PROBLEM OF THE SCANDINAVIAN COUN TRIES ........ 197 INTRODUCTION To judge the character and importance of Knut Wicksells monetary doctrines, it is necessary to view them against the background of the monetary controversy of the late nineties. For some decades the organisation of an inter national gold standard had been the outstanding problem. Hardly had this organisation won its victory in the seventies, when its position was threatened by the con tinued fall in wholesale prices. A violent propaganda for bimetallism set in almost everywhere. The character, working, advantages, and disadvantages of this system naturally became the central topic of discussion in the monetary field. The old debate between the currency and the banking schools had died out and the latter un doubtedly held the field. The quantity theory of money was discredited, even in the Anglo-Saxon countries. Most writers agreed that if credits were granted on adequate security in accordance with sound banking principles, the supply of means of payment could not exceed the re quirements of the market. There was no discussion in that connection of the level of bank rate. Two things seem to have caused Wicksell to adopt an entirely different attitude to monetary problems. First ofall, he was a close student and admirer of the English classical school of economists, above all of Ricardo. To Wicksells mathematical mind the quantity theory of money, as presented by Ricardo, made a much stronger appeal than the vague generalisations of the current bank ing discussions, which side-stepped the question Why do prices rise or fall that Wicksell at an early stage came to regard as the main problem of monetary theory...
Book Synopsis Monetary Growth Theory by : Wei-Bin Zhang
Download or read book Monetary Growth Theory written by Wei-Bin Zhang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-07-23 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book answers some challenging questions in monetary growth theory within a compact theoretical framework. The author succeeds in integrating the theory of money, the theory of value and the theory of growth. The book re-examines many important ideas in modern monetary economics within a single analytical framework. It is concerned not only with traditional one-sector growth models of a homogeneous population with endogenous capital and knowledge, but also with multi-sector models, economies with heterogeneous households, and economies with urban structures, interregional interactions and international trade. Zhang’s book will appeal to those studying monetary economics, neoclassical growth theory, development economics and international economics. It is also useful more generally, for researchers in social sciences with an interest in the role of money in modern societies.
Book Synopsis The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level by : John Cochrane
Download or read book The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level written by John Cochrane and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of how government deficits and debt drive inflation Where do inflation and deflation ultimately come from? The fiscal theory of the price level offers a simple answer: Prices adjust so that the real value of government debt equals the present value of taxes less spending. Inflation breaks out when people don’t expect the government to fully repay its debts. The fiscal theory is well suited to today’s economy: Financial innovation undermines money demand, and central banks don’t control the money supply or aggressively change interest rates, invalidating classic theories, while large debts and deficits threaten inflation and constrain monetary policy. This book presents a comprehensive account of this important theory from one of its leading developers and advocates. John Cochrane aims to make fiscal theory useful as a conceptual framework and modeling tool, and for analyzing history and policy. He merges fiscal theory with standard models in which central banks set interest rates, giving a novel account of monetary policy. He generalizes the theory to explain data and make realistic predictions. For example, inflation decreases in recessions despite deficits because discount rates fall, raising the value of debt; specifying that governments promise to partially repay debt avoids classic puzzles and allows the theory to apply at all times, not just during periods of high inflation. Cochrane offers an extensive rethinking of monetary doctrines and institutions through the eyes of fiscal theory, and analyzes the era of zero interest rates and post-pandemic inflation. Filled with research by Cochrane and others, The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level offers important new insights about fiscal and monetary policy.
Book Synopsis The Purchasing Power of Money by : Irving Fisher
Download or read book The Purchasing Power of Money written by Irving Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interest Rates, Prices and Liquidity by : Jagjit S. Chadha
Download or read book Interest Rates, Prices and Liquidity written by Jagjit S. Chadha and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the assumptions that underpin mainstream macroeconomic models have been challenged as a result of the traumatic events of the recent financial crisis. Thus, until recently, it was widely agreed that although the stock of money had a role to play, in practice it could be ignored as long as we used short-term nominal interest rates as the instrument of policy because money and other credit markets would clear at the given policy rate. However, very early on in the financial crisis interest rates effectively hit zero percent and so central banks had to resort to a wholly new set of largely untested instruments to restore order, including quantitative easing and the purchase of toxic financial assets. This book brings together contributions from economists working in academia, financial markets and central banks to assess the effectiveness of these policy instruments and explore what lessons have so far been learned.
Download or read book Asset Pricing written by John H. Cochrane and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-11 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the prestigious Paul A. Samuelson Award for scholarly writing on lifelong financial security, John Cochrane's Asset Pricing now appears in a revised edition that unifies and brings the science of asset pricing up to date for advanced students and professionals. Cochrane traces the pricing of all assets back to a single idea--price equals expected discounted payoff--that captures the macro-economic risks underlying each security's value. By using a single, stochastic discount factor rather than a separate set of tricks for each asset class, Cochrane builds a unified account of modern asset pricing. He presents applications to stocks, bonds, and options. Each model--consumption based, CAPM, multifactor, term structure, and option pricing--is derived as a different specification of the discounted factor. The discount factor framework also leads to a state-space geometry for mean-variance frontiers and asset pricing models. It puts payoffs in different states of nature on the axes rather than mean and variance of return, leading to a new and conveniently linear geometrical representation of asset pricing ideas. Cochrane approaches empirical work with the Generalized Method of Moments, which studies sample average prices and discounted payoffs to determine whether price does equal expected discounted payoff. He translates between the discount factor, GMM, and state-space language and the beta, mean-variance, and regression language common in empirical work and earlier theory. The book also includes a review of recent empirical work on return predictability, value and other puzzles in the cross section, and equity premium puzzles and their resolution. Written to be a summary for academics and professionals as well as a textbook, this book condenses and advances recent scholarship in financial economics.
Book Synopsis Money, Interest, and Prices by : Don Patinkin
Download or read book Money, Interest, and Prices written by Don Patinkin and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1989 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarter of a century after the publication of the second edition, this classic work continues to be on the reading list of graduate courses in macroeconomics. Integrating monetary theory and value theory, "Money, Interest, and Prices "describes the demand functions for commodities and bonds (emphasizing the real balance effect) and uses these functions to carry out a static and dynamic analysis of the central problems of monetary theory - the effects of changes in the quantity of money and shifts in liquidity preference on interest, prices, and employment.This reprinted edition omits the supplementary notes on the literature and contains a new introduction indicating the ways that Patinkin has revised or augmented its analysis. The author discusses issues that have arisen around his disequilibrium approach to macroeconomics as well as his use of the money-in-the-utility function approach to the demand for money. Patinkin explains why he rejects the alternative overlapping generations and cash in advance approaches to this demand and briefly indicates how the books analysis can be extended to an open economy and to an economy with growth and refers the reader to more extensive treatments of the topics dealt with.Don Patinkin is Professor of Economics at Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Book Synopsis Credit, Interest Rates and the Open Economy by : Louis-Philippe Rochon
Download or read book Credit, Interest Rates and the Open Economy written by Louis-Philippe Rochon and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This book should be on the reading list of every graduate course in monetary economics. The distinguished contributors not only examine and discuss the nature of money and the conduct of monetary policy in a modern credit economy, but also take an historical perspective through the writings of Cassel, Wicksell, Sraffa and Hicks, as well as Keynes and Kaldor, and extend the theory of money endogeneity (or "horizontalism") to the open economy and economic growth. Interested readers have a feast before them.' - A.P. Thirlwall, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK The horizontalist perspective is an extension of the post-Keynesian approach, that has hitherto focused on a theory of credit and money. This book extends horizontalism beyond its traditional boundaries and makes it consistent with the post-Keynesian theories of output and the open economy. The authors compare and contrast the horizontalist position with various orthodox and non-orthodox views on money. They argue that horizontalism is perfectly compatible with liquidity preference, credit constraints, and a flexible interest-rate mark-up, and address recent developments in banking that reinforce the validity of a horizontal schedule of credit-money. The overall intention is to place horizontalism within the current heterodox tradition as a general theory of the creation of money that is consistent with the post-Keynesian view on macroeconomic policy.
Download or read book Outside the Box written by Marc Levinson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author offers a brief history of globalization through the stories of the people and companies that built global supply chains. The two spheres - the private sector and government - did not go global in tandem, and many developments in one sphere were far more impactful in the other than imagined at the time. The book narrates the development of global supply chains in response to trends in both, telling stories ranging from a Prussian-born trader in New Jersey in the 1760s who dreamed of building a vertically-integrated metals empire, to new megaships too big to call on most of the world's ports leaving half empty, as globalization entered a new stage in its history around 2006. Bringing the story up to the early 2020s, the author illustrates how we're not experiencing the end of globalization, only its transformation. As one type of globalization is declining, a new one is on the rise. --
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy Rules by : John B. Taylor
Download or read book Monetary Policy Rules written by John B. Taylor and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume presents the latest thinking on the monetary policy rules and seeks to determine just what types of rules and policy guidelines function best. A unique cooperative research effort that allowed contributors to evaluate different policy rules using their own specific approaches, this collection presents their striking findings on the potential response of interest rates to an array of variables, including alterations in the rates of inflation, unemployment, and exchange. Monetary Policy Rules illustrates that simple policy rules are more robust and more efficient than complex rules with multiple variables. A state-of-the-art appraisal of the fundamental issues facing the Federal Reserve Board and other central banks, Monetary Policy Rules is essential reading for economic analysts and policymakers alike.
