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Intercomparison Of Personnel Dosimeters
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Book Synopsis Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters by :
Download or read book Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intercomparison of personnel monitoring dosimeters was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's DOSAR Facility. Ten independent laboratories and companies participated in an intercomparison of neutron and gamma-ray dosimeters used for routine personnel dosimetry. The dosimeters, which were sent through the mail, were exposed at the Health Physics Research Reactor to the same three ''standardized'' radiation fields which have been used for the past several years for intercomparing nuclear accident dosimeters. In addition, a 14-MeV neutron field was used as a fourth exposure condition. The results of the intercomparison show widely varying dose estimates. The reported values of neutron dose equivalent, for example, have standard deviations ranging from 47 to 102 percent of the mean. (auth).
Book Synopsis 1974 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters by :
Download or read book 1974 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intercomparison of personnel monitoring dosimeters was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory' DOSAR Facility during the period May 14-16, 1974. Ten independent laboratories and companies participated in an intercomparison of neutron and gamma-ray dosimeters used for routine personnel dosimetry. The dosimeters, which were sent through the mail, were exposed at the Health Physics Research Reactor to the same three ''standardized'' radiation fields which have been used for the past several years for intercomparing nuclear accident dosimeters. In addition, a 14-MeV neutron field was used as a fourth exposure configuration. The results of the intercomparison show widely varying dose estimates. The average of the reported values of neutron dose equivalent, for example, has standard deviations ranging from 47--102 percent. (auth).
Book Synopsis 1976 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters by :
Download or read book 1976 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second Personnel Dosimeter Intercomparison Study (PDIS) was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's DOSAR Facility during the period February 18-19, 1976. Eleven independent organizations participated in an intercomparison of neutron and gamma-ray dosimeters used for routine personnel dosimetry. The dosimeters, which were shipped to the DOSAR Facility, were exposed at the Health Physics Research Reactor to one of three ''standardized'' radiation fields which have been used for the past several years for intercomparing nuclear accident dosimeters. The results of PDIS reveal that estimates of dose equivalent vary over a wide range. For a given radiation field these dose estimates may vary by more than a factor of 2, indicating the need for continued evaluation of the response of personnel dosimeters used in mixed fields of neutron and gamma radiation.
Book Synopsis Sixth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study by :
Download or read book Sixth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sixth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study was conducted March 25 to 27, 1980, at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dosimeters from 28 participating agencies were mounted on anthropomorphic phantoms and exposed to a range of low-level dose equivalents (1.8 to 11.5 mSv neutron, 0.1 to 1.1 mSv gamma) which could be encountered during routine personnel monitoring in mixed radiation fields. The Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) operated in the steady-state mode served as the source of radiation for six separate exposures. Lucite and concrete shields along with the unshielded reactor were used to provide three different neutron and gamma spectra. Results reported by the participating agencies showed that TLD-albedo and TLD-700 dosimeters generally provided the most accurate measurements of neutron and gamma dose equivalents, respectively. Film was found to be unsatisfactory for measuring neutron doses produced by HPRR spectra in that measured dose equivalents were much lower than reference values. The TLD-100 dosimeters yielded gamma doses which were much too high indicating that this dosimeter type is generally unsuitable for use in mixed radiation fields similar to those encountered in this study without the use of large correction factors. Although the overall reported results exhibited improvement in performance relative to previous intercomparison studies, the composite measured data showed variations of more than a factor of 2 between measurements of the same exposure made by different agencies.
Book Synopsis Seventh Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study by :
Download or read book Seventh Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Seventh Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study was conducted March 31-April 10, 1981, at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dosimeters from 34 participating agencies were mounted on anthropomorphic phantoms and exposed to a range of low-level dose equivalents (1.5-15.0mSv neutron and 0.1-2.8 mSv gamma) which could be encountered during routine personnel monitoring in mixed radiation fields. The Health Physics Research Reactor, operating in the steady-state mode, served as the source of radiation for two equivalent sets of six separate exposures. Lucite and concrete shields along with the unshielded reactor provided three different neutron and gamma spectra for five of the exposures in each set. Results reported by the participating agencies showed that no single type of neutron dosimeter exhibited acceptable performance characteristics for all mixed-field environments encountered in this study. Film, TLD, and TLD-albed dosimeters were found to be inadequate for neutron dose equivalent measurements when large numbers of slow neutrons are present unless significant corrections are made to measured results. Track dosimeters indicated the least sensitivity to spectral characteristics, but did not always yield to the most accurate results. Gamma dose measurements showed that TLD-700 dosimeters produced significantly more accurate results than film dosimeters which tend to overestimate gamma doses in mixed radiation fields.
Book Synopsis 1976 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters by : L. W. Gilley
Download or read book 1976 Intercomparison of Personnel Dosimeters written by L. W. Gilley and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intercomparison of High Energy Neutron Personnel Dosimeters by :
Download or read book Intercomparison of High Energy Neutron Personnel Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intercomparison of high-energy neutron personnel dosimeters was performed to evaluate the uniformity of the response characteristics of typical neutron dosimeters presently in use at US Department of Energy (DOE) accelerator facilities. It was necessary to perform an intercomparison because there are no national or international standards for high-energy neutron dosimetry. The testing that is presently under way for the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) is limited to the use of neutron sources that range in energy from about 1 keV to 2 MeV. Therefore, the high-energy neutron dosimeters presently in use at DOE accelerator facilities are not being tested effectively. This intercomparison employed neutrons produced by the 9Be(p, n)9B interaction at the University of Washington cyclotron, using 50-MeV protons. The resulting neutron energy spectrum extended to a maximum of approximately 50-MeV, with a mean energy of about 20-MeV. Intercomparison results for currently used dosimeters, including Nuclear Type A (NTA) film, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-albedo, and track-etch dosimeters (TEDs), indicated a wide variation in response to identical doses of high-energy neutrons. Results of this study will be discussed along with a description of plans for future work.
Download or read book Personnel Radiation Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PERSONNEL Radiation Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Twelve Years of Neutron Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by :
Download or read book Twelve Years of Neutron Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To provide an opportunity for dosimetrists to test and calibrate their personnel neutron monitoring systems in a variety of incident radiation fields, the staff of the Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has conducted personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies (PDIS) periodically since 1974 and annually since 1976 (Si82, Sw87). During these studies, personnel dosimeters are mailed to ORNL, mounted on phantoms and exposed to low-level (less than 15 mSv) dose equivalents in mixed-radiation fields mainly produced using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) at ORNL (Au65), and then returned to the participants for evaluation. Reported dose equivalents are compared to reference values provided by the DOSAR staff and to results reported by individual organizations which made measurements under identical conditions. These intercomparisons, which require no fee and are open to any organization interested in external personnel dosimetry, have provided more data concerning neutron dosimeter performance characteristics in mixed-radiation fields than any other periodic open test program conducted to date. The following text presents a summary and analysis of neutron dose equivalent measurements reported for the seventh through twelfth intercomparisons (1981-1986) using the HPRR as the source of radiation. Particular factors examined include low dose equivalent sensitivity and measurement accuracy for the basic types of neutron personnel dosimeters. 5 refs., 1 fig.
Book Synopsis Fifth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study by :
Download or read book Fifth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study (PDIS) was conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) facility on March 20-22, 1979. This study is the latest PDIS in the continuing series started at the DOSAR facility in 1974. The PDIS is a three day study, typically in March, where personnel dosimeters are mailed to the DOSAR facility, exposed to a range of low-level neutron radiation doses (1 to 15 mSv or equivalently, 100 to 1500 mrem) and neutron-to-gamma ratios (1:1-10:1) using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) as the radiation source, and returned to the participants for evaluation. This report is a summary and analysis of the results reported by the various participants. The participants are able to intercompare their results with those of others who made dose measurements under identical experimental conditions.
Book Synopsis Personnel-dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory by :
Download or read book Personnel-dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1974, seven annual personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies have been conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using the Health Physics Reactor. These studies have produced more than 2000 measurements by 72 participating organizations of neutron and gamma dose equivalents between 0.1 to 15.0 mSv in six mixed radiation fields. The relative performance of three basic types of personnel neutron dosimeters (nuclear emulsion film, thermoluminescent, and track-etch) and two basic types of gamma dosimeters (film and thermoluminescent) was assessed based on experimental results obtained during the seven intercomparisons.
Book Synopsis Intercomparison of Personal Dose Equivalent Measurements by Active Personal Dosimeters by :
Download or read book Intercomparison of Personal Dose Equivalent Measurements by Active Personal Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active personal dosimeters (APDs) are widely used in many countries to provide on the spot dose information to the exposed person. Their use as legal dosimeters is already established in a few countries. In the majority of countries, APDs have not undergone accreditation programs or intercomparisons. The IAEA, in cooperation with EURADOS, organized an intercomparison using test criteria from two international standards (IEC 61526 and IEC 61283). Additionally, simulated workplace fields were used for testing the APD reactions to pulsed X ray fields and mixed gamma/X ray fields. This report may be used by member states as a source of information on new instruments which could be used in the near future as legal dosimeters combining the advantages of small size and instant readout of dose rate and dose with computerized dose keeping.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at the ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor by :
Download or read book Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Studies at the ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR), used unshielded, with a 12-cm-thick Lucite shield or a 13-cm-thick steel shield, provided three neutron and gamma-ray spectra for personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies. The characterisitcs of these fields, such as neutron energy spectrum, intensity, and uniformity, had been measured previously during nuclear accident dosimetry studies. Exposures were made to simulate total exposures likely to be encountered in personnel dosimetry. Neutron dose equivalents of the order of 500 mrem were produced. Dosimeters were mounted on the trunk section of water-filled phantoms, the front edges of which were located three meters from the reactor center. When shields were used they were placed at two meters. Sulfur pellets exposed at a standard location on the reactor during the intercomparison were used to calculate values of tissue kerma for neutrons at the three meter position based on previous measurements. Hurst proportional counter measurements made at the time of the exposures are in good agreement with these results. The gamma component of dose, typically of the order of a few tens of mrad, was measured with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). Using the fission yield and the calculated leakage of the HPRR, the neutron fluence was calculated for each reactor run. Then the dose was calculated based on the HPRR neutron spectra and the dose conversion factors which had been calculated previously for the three spectra. The results of these personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies reveal that estimates of dose equivalent vary over a wide range. The standard deviation of the mean of participants data was typically in the range of +-30 to +-40%. It is anticipated that this type of dosimetry intercomparison study will be worthwhile on an annual basis until the problems in dosimeter response and interpretation have been identified and solved.
Book Synopsis The Accuracy of Personnel Dosimeter Readings by : Ernst Piesch
Download or read book The Accuracy of Personnel Dosimeter Readings written by Ernst Piesch and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Third Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study by :
Download or read book Third Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third Personnel Dosimetery Intercomparison Study was held at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Dosimetry Applications Research Facility during March 15--16, 1977. The Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR), used unshielded, with a 12-cm-thick Lucite shield or a 13-cm-thick steel shield, provided three neutron and gamma-ray spectra. The characteristics of these fields such as neutron energy spectra, intensity, and uniformity had been measured previously during nuclear accident dosimetry studies. Exposures were made to simulate total exposures likely to be encountered in personnel dosimetry. Neutron dose equivalents of the order of 500 millirem were produced by controlling the reactor power level and exposure time. Dosimeters were mounted on the trunk section of water-filled phantoms, the front edges of which were located 3 m from the reactor center. When shields were used they were placed at 2 m from the core. Sulfur pellets exposed at a standard location on the reactor during the intercomparison were used to calculate values of tissue kerma for neutrons at the 3-m position based on previous measurements. Using the fission yield and the calculated leakage of the HPRR, the neutron fluence was calculated for each reactor run. Then the dose was calculated based on the HPRR neutron spectra and the dose conversion factors, which had been calculated previously for the three spectra. The results of these personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies reveal that estimates of dose equivalent vary over a wide range. The standard deviation of the mean of participants data was in the range of 25 to 50%.
Book Synopsis European personal dosimeter intercomparison programme (photon-intercomparisons 1974/75) by : Commission of the European Communities
Download or read book European personal dosimeter intercomparison programme (photon-intercomparisons 1974/75) written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
