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Interactions Of Microorganisms With Radionuclides
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Book Synopsis Interactions of Microorganisms with Radionuclides by : M.J. Keith-Roach
Download or read book Interactions of Microorganisms with Radionuclides written by M.J. Keith-Roach and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-22 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many environmental processes are influenced, if not controlled, by microbial action and it is becoming increasingly important to develop an understanding of microbial roles in geochemistry. This book brings together state of the art research into microbiological processes and the extent to which they affect or can be used to control radioactive elements. The basic principles and fundamental mechanisms by which microbes and radionuclides interact are outlined, the methodology described, potential microbial influences on waste repositories examined, direct and indirect effects on transport both on local and global scales considered and potential technological applications identified. The book is directed towards advanced undergraduate students, postgraduates and researchers in the areas of environmental radioactivity, environmental microbiology, biotechnology and radioactive waste management. It will also be of interest to regulators, policy makers and non-governmental organisations. This novel and timely book offers a fully integrated approach to a topical international issue.
Book Synopsis The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal by : Jonathan R. Lloyd
Download or read book The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal written by Jonathan R. Lloyd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified. Encompasses expertise from both the bio and geo disciplines, aiming to foster important collaborations across this disciplinary divide Includes reviews and research papers from leading groups in the field Provides helpful guidance in light of plans progressing worldwide for geological disposal facilities Includes timely research for planning and safety case development
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : Clemens Walther
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Book Synopsis Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation by : Changlun Chen
Download or read book Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation written by Changlun Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation: Principles and Methodologies, Volume 29 provides an overview of the most important radionuclide sources in the environment, their interaction with environmental media, and appropriate remediation techniques. The book focuses on the assessment of radionuclide sorption behavior in contaminated sites and the synthesis of new materials for radionuclides remediation through sorption concepts. Chapters investigate the main interaction mechanisms between toxic/radioactive metal ions with natural and manmade materials, natural clay minerals and oxides, and novel nanomaterials, such as ordered mesoporous silicas, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal-organic framework-based materials. Techniques and models discussed include kinetics analysis, thermodynamic analysis, surface complexation models, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical calculations. Provides a systemic discussion on the interactions between toxic and radioactive metal ions and natural and manmade materials Helps to select the best approach to remove toxic/radioactive metal ions from a surface Edited by a scientific authority in toxic/radioactive metal ion interactions
Book Synopsis Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment I by : Kenji Kato
Download or read book Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment I written by Kenji Kato and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3-volume set highlights the behavior of radionuclides in the environment and focusing on the development of related fields of study, including microbiology and nanoscience. In this context, it discusses the behavior of radionuclides released in areas of Lake Karachai in Ural, and those released as a result of Chernobyl accident (1986), and in Fukushima (2011). Volume I presents the experiences gained in South Urals (“Mayak” plant, Lake Karachai), providing a scientific basis for more precise understanding of the behavior of radionuclides in complex subsurface environments. On the basis of monitoring data, it examines the pathways of radionuclide migration and the influence of the geological environment and groundwater on the migration, with a particular focus on particles from the nanoscale to microscale. It also discusses the function of microbes and microscale particles, from their direct interaction with radionuclides to their ecological role in changing the physic-chemical condition of a given environment. Lastly, the protective properties of geological media are also characterized, and mathematical modeling of contaminant migration in the area of Lake Karachai is used to provide information regarding the migration of radionuclides.
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants by : Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
Download or read book Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants written by Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the mechanistic (microscopic) understanding of radionuclide uptake by plants in contaminated soils and potential use of phytoremediation. The key features concern radionuclide toxicity in plants, how the radioactive materials are absorbed by plants, and how the plants cope with the toxic responses. The respective chapters examine soil classification, natural plant selection, speciation of actinides, kinetic modeling, and case studies on cesium uptake after radiation accidents. Radionuclide contaminants pose serious problems for biological systems, due to their chemical toxicity and radiological effects. The processes by which radionuclides can be incorporated into vegetation can either originate from activity interception by external plant surfaces (either directly from the atmosphere or from resuspended material), or through uptake of radionuclides via the root system. Subsequent transfer of toxic elements to the human food chain is a concrete danger. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of transport into and within plants needs to be understood for two reasons: The effectiveness of radionuclide uptake into crop plants – so-called transfer coefficient – is a prerequisite for the calculation of dose due to the food path. On the other hand, efficient radionuclide transfer into plants can be made use of for decontamination of land – so-called phytoremediation, the direct use of living, green plants for in situ removal of pollutants from the environment or to reduce their concentrations to harmless levels.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Microbial Relationships by : Irina S. Druzhinina
Download or read book Environmental and Microbial Relationships written by Irina S. Druzhinina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides insights into current research on fungal populations, communities and their interactions with other organisms. It focuses on fungal responses to the physical environment; interactions with bacteria, other fungi, invertebrates and plants; the role of fungi in ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling; and aspects of biogeography and conservation. Since the publication of the second edition of Volume IV in 2007, the massive use of “omics” methods has revolutionized our understanding of fungal lifestyles. Highlighting these advances, the third edition has been completely updated and revised. Several chapters deal with various applications of genomics and transcriptomics in biological pest control, as well as interactions with other living systems. This is an invaluable source of information both for scientists who wish to update their knowledge of current advances and for graduate students interested in obtaining a comprehensive introduction to this field of research.
Book Synopsis Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes by : Maulin P Shah
Download or read book Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes written by Maulin P Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development in Waste Water Treatment Research and Processes: Innovative Microbe-Based Applications for Removal of Chemicals and Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plants focuses on the exploitation of various biological treatment technologies and their use to treat toxic and hazardous contaminants present in industrial effluent and restore the contaminated sites, a topic which lacks discussion in existing titles on the global market. This book encompasses advanced technologies and updated information as well as future directions for young researchers and scientists who are working in the field of wastewater treatment or effluent treatment plants and biodegradation of environmental contaminants for environmental safety and sustainable development. Provides wide information to readers on state-of-the-art applications of microbes for wastewater/industrial effluent treatment and environmental protection Summarizes our current knowledge on the use of various microbes, even the use of dead biomass for dye decolorization and degradation Explores different aspects of biological methods for contaminant removal and better advanced biotechnological applications
Book Synopsis Micro-organisms and Earth Systems by : Hilary Lappin-Scott
Download or read book Micro-organisms and Earth Systems written by Hilary Lappin-Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing awareness that important environmental transformations are catalysed, mediated and influenced by microorganisms, and geomicrobiology can be defined as the influence of microorganisms on geologic processes. This is probably the most rapidly growing area of microbiology at present, combining environmental and molecular microbiology together with significant areas of mineralogy, geochemistry and hydrology. This volume focuses on the function of microorganisms in the environment and their influence on 'global' processes. It will include state-of-the art approaches to visualisation, culture and identification, community interactions and gene transfer, and diversity studies in relation to key processes. This overview for researchers and graduate students will represent environmental microbiology in its broadest sense and help to promote exciting collaborations between microbiologists and those in complementary physical and chemical disciplines.
Book Synopsis Microbial Metabolism of Metals and Metalloids by : Christon J. Hurst
Download or read book Microbial Metabolism of Metals and Metalloids written by Christon J. Hurst and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-24 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the metabolic processes by which microbes obtain and control the intracellular availability of their required metal and metalloid ions. The book also describes how intracellular concentrations of unwanted metal and metalloid ions successfully are limited. Its authors additionally provide information about the ways that microbes derive metabolic energy by changing the charge states of metal and metalloid ions. Part one of this book provides an introduction to microbes, metals and metalloids. It also helps our readers to understand the chemical constraints for transition metal cation allocation. Part two explains the basic processes which microbes use for metal transport. That section also explains the uses, as well as the challenges, associated with metal-based antimicrobials. Part three gives our readers an understanding that because of microbial capabilities to process metals and metalloids, the microbes have become our best tools for accomplishing many jobs. Their applications in chemical technology include the design of microbial consortia for use in bioleaching processes that recover metal and metalloid ions from industrial wastes. Many biological engineering tasks, including the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and similar metalloid structures, also are ideally suited for the microbes. Part four describes unique attributes associated with the microbiology of these elements, progressing through the alphabet from antimony and arsenic to zinc.
Book Synopsis Microbial Degradation Processes in Radioactive Waste Repository and in Nuclear Fuel Storage Areas by : J.H. Wolfram
Download or read book Microbial Degradation Processes in Radioactive Waste Repository and in Nuclear Fuel Storage Areas written by J.H. Wolfram and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-03-31 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose ofthe Workshop In the spirit of enhancing developments in science and technology by facilitating international scientific cooperation, the Science Committee of NATO is sponsoring AR W's in several selected priority areas. The objective of this workshop was to discuss what microbial mediated problems have been experienced in the area of nuclear waste management and spent fuel storage. Long term storage of high-level wastes in repositories is just starting in some countries. However, low and medium level wastes have been stored for several decades. In the area of spent fuel interim, storage has been extended at many locations far beyond the intended time. It was a priority of the workshop to examine and discuss what deleterious effects have been observed under these storage conditions or under conditions used in simulated trial tests for predicting material performance under the storage conditions. For example, one chronic problem that was discussed was possibility that microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) could be taking place in the wet storage of spent fuel thereby initiating or accelerating the process of corrosion. Another discussion in the area of waste forms, focused on the presence ofbiofilms which may be breaking down the structure of the waste form and thereby jeopardizing its integrity. The meeting focused on discussing the observations and data collected relating to problems encountered in the storage of these types of wastes, and sharing this information with others that have not monitored their facilities for similar problems.
Book Synopsis Microbiology of the Terrestrial Deep Subsurface by : Penny S. Amy
Download or read book Microbiology of the Terrestrial Deep Subsurface written by Penny S. Amy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obtaining and analyzing samples is challenging in subsurface science. This first-of-its-kind reference book addresses accomplishments in this field-from drilling to sample work-up. A collaborative approach is taken, involving the efforts of microbiologists, geochemists, hydrologists, and drilling and mining experts to present a comprehensive view of subsurface research. The text provides practical information about obtaining, analyzing, and evaluating subsurface materials; the current status of subsurface microbial ecology; and describes several applications that will interest a variety of readers, including engineers, physical, and life scientists.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Geomicrobiology by : Kurt O. Konhauser
Download or read book Introduction to Geomicrobiology written by Kurt O. Konhauser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Geomicrobiology is a timely and comprehensive overview of how microbial life has affected Earth’s environment through time. It shows how the ubiquity of microorganisms, their high chemical reactivity, and their metabolic diversity make them a significant factor controlling the chemical composition of our planet. The following topics are covered: how microorganisms are classified, the physical constraints governing their growth, molecular approaches to studying microbial diversity, and life in extreme environments bioenergetics, microbial metabolic capabilities, and major biogeochemical pathways chemical reactivity of the cell surface, metal sorption, and the microbial role in contaminant mobility and bioremediation/biorecovery microbiological mineral formation and fossilization the function of microorganisms in mineral dissolution and oxidation, and the industrial and environmental ramifications of these processes elemental cycling in biofilms, formation of microbialites, and sediment diagenesis the events that led to the emergence of life, evolution of metabolic processes, and the diversification of the biosphere. Artwork from the book is available to instructors at www.blackwellpublishing.com/konhauser.
Book Synopsis Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants in the Environment by : Gennady E. Zaikov
Download or read book Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants in the Environment written by Gennady E. Zaikov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new volume presents a plethora of research on the distribution of heavy metals in soils and rocks of natural habitats, farmlands, and urbanized areas along with the factors influencing their bioavailability. The authors evaluate the content of organic matter, soil acidity, mineral fertilizers, and more. Developed for ecologists and specialists in the field of environmental protection and the conservation of biological diversity, the book presents the problems of reducing the anthropogenic load on the surrounding countryside and focuses on sustainable agricultural development.
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Behaviour in the Natural Environment by : Christophe Poinssot
Download or read book Radionuclide Behaviour in the Natural Environment written by Christophe Poinssot and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is essential to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and key to assessing potential environmental risks reliably. Minimising those risks is essential to enhancing public confidence in nuclear technology. Scientific knowledge in this field has developed greatly over the last decade.Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration. After an introductory chapter, part one explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment, including aquatic chemistry and the impact of natural organic matter and microorganisms. Part two discusses the migration and radioecological behavior of radionuclides. Topics include hydrogeology, sorption and colloidal reactions as well as in-situ investigations. Principles of modelling coupled geochemical, transport and radioecological properties are also discussed. Part three covers application issues: assessment of radionuclide behaviour in contaminated sites, taking Chernobyl as an example, estimation of radiological exposure to the population, performance assessment considerations related to deep geological repositories, and remediation concepts for contaminated sites. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is an essential tool for all those interested or involved in nuclear energy, from researchers, designers and industrial operators to environmental scientists. It also provides a comprehensive guide for academics of all levels in this field. Provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration Explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment Discusses the migration and radioecological behaviour of radionuclides
Book Synopsis Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation by : Surajit Das
Download or read book Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation written by Surajit Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around the World, metal pollution is a major problem. Conventional practices of toxic metal removal can be ineffective and/or expensive, delaying and exacerbating the crisis. Those communities dealing with contamination must be aware of the fundamentals advances of microbe-mediated metal removal practices because these methods can be easily used and require less remedial intervention. This book describes innovations and efficient applications for metal bioremediation for environments polluted by metal contaminates.
Book Synopsis Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology by : Broder J. Merkel
Download or read book Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology written by Broder J. Merkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subject of the book is Uranium and its migration in aquatic environments. The following subjects are emphasised: Uranium mining, Phosphate mining, mine closure and remediation, Uranium in groundwater and in bedrock, biogeochemistry of Uranium, environmental behavior, and modeling. Particular results from the leading edge of international research are presented.
