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Integrated Surface And Groundwater Modeling Of Martis Valley California For Assessment Of Potential Climate Change Impacts On Basin Scale Water Resources
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Book Synopsis Integrated Surface and Groundwater Modeling of Martis Valley, California, for Assessment of Potential Climate Change Impacts on Basin-scale Water Resources by : Seshadri Rajagopal
Download or read book Integrated Surface and Groundwater Modeling of Martis Valley, California, for Assessment of Potential Climate Change Impacts on Basin-scale Water Resources written by Seshadri Rajagopal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using an Integrated Model to Assess Groundwater Recharge in Martis Valley, CA by : Murphy A. Gardner
Download or read book Using an Integrated Model to Assess Groundwater Recharge in Martis Valley, CA written by Murphy A. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater contributes an essential water supply to several communities and ecosystems in the Truckee River Basin. Water resource investigations were conducted through numerical modeling and comparisons to previous work to assess groundwater recharge in the Martis Valley watershed, which is an essential component to the Truckee River hydrographic region. A baseflow analysis was performed to relate annual baseflow to streamflow and precipitation. Results show that changes in groundwater fluctuations are driven by changes in precipitation, and baseflow response is affected by previous precipitation trends. It was estimated that baseflow is roughly one-sixth of mean annual precipitation. A novel method for constructing a hydrogeologic framework model was developed and applied to an integrated surface water-groundwater hydrologic model, GSFLOW, from which groundwater recharge locations and magnitudes were extracted. Model results supplemented previous work and provided enhanced conceptualizations of surface and groundwater interactions, as well as spatial and temporal recharge trends. Results show that the most significant recharge zones are low to mid-elevation stream channel and alluvial areas. During peak snowmelt periods, upper elevation alluvial areas also contribute significant recharge. The findings herein promote a more detailed understanding of groundwater recharge characteristics in high elevation, snow dependent, alpine catchments.
Book Synopsis Integrated Hydrologic Model of Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California by :
Download or read book Integrated Hydrologic Model of Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing population, agricultural development (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are placing increasingly larger demands on available groundwater resources in the Pajaro Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This study provided a refined conceptual model, geohydrologic framework, and integrated hydrologic model of the Pajaro Valley. The goal of this study was to produce a model capable of being accurate at scales relevant to water management decisions that are being considered in the revision and updates to the Basin Management Plan (BMP). The Pajaro Valley Hydrologic Model (PVHM) was designed to reproduce the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system and related climatic factors, permitting an accurate assessment of groundwater conditions and processes that can inform the new BMP and help to improve planning for long-term sustainability of water resources. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, reevaluation of the previous model transformed into MODFLOW, implementation of the new geohydrologic model and conceptual model, and calibration of the transient hydrologic model. The conceptual model identified inflows and outflows that include the movement and use of water from natural and human components. The groundwater flow system is characterized as a layered geologic sedimentary system through which downward flow is driven by the combined effects of the application of irrigation water at the land surface and the pumping of groundwater from deeper in the system. Overall, groundwater meets most of the agricultural demand in the initial part of the growing season, augmented by precipitation during wet winter and spring seasons. In addition, the amount of groundwater used for irrigation varies from year to year in response to climate variation and can increase dramatically in dry years. Data on agricultural pumpage is a major component of simulated outflow that was previously unavailable; therefore, a coupled farm-process model was used to estimate historical pumpage for Pajaro Valley by subregion (water-balance subregions) as well as the delivery of surface water to and from the Harkins Slough Aquifer-Storage-and-Recovery System (HS-ASR) and related Coastal Distribution System (CDS) since 2002. The new, integrated hydrologic model includes new water-balance subregions; delineation of natural, municipal, and agricultural land use; streamflow networks; regions of tile drains; and, the groundwater flow system. The redefinition of the geohydrologic framework and incorporation into the simulation revealed the importance of the confining units at the base of the alluvial deposits and between the upper and lower Aromas Sand for regional groundwater flow. The PVHM model, using MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP2), is capable of being accurate at seasonal to interannual time frames and subregional to valley-wide spatial scales for the assessment of the groundwater hydrologic budget for water years 1964-2009, as well as potential assessment of the BMP components and sustainability analysis of conjunctive use. The model provides a good representation of the regional flow system and the use and movement of water throughout the valley. Simulated changes in storage over time show that, prior to the 1984-92 dry period, significant withdrawals from storage occurred only during drought years. Since about 1993, growers in the Pajaro Valley have shifted to more water intensive crops, such as strawberries, bushberries, and vegetable row crops, as well as making additional rotational plantings, which have increased demand on limited groundwater resources. Simulated groundwater flow indicates that vertical hydraulic gradients between horizontal layers fluctuate and even reverse in several parts of the basin as recharge and pumpage rates change seasonally and annually. The majority of recharge predominantly enters the Alluvial aquifer system, and along with pumpage and the largest fractions of storage depletion, occurs in the inland regions. Coastal inflow as seawater intrusion replaces much of the potential storage depletion in the coastal regions. The simulated long-term imbalance between inflows and outflows indicates overdraft of the groundwater basin averaging about 12,950 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) over the 46-year period of water years (1964-2009). Annual overdraft varies considerably from year to year, depending on land use, pumpage, and climate conditions. Climatically driven factors can affect inflows, outflows, and water use by as much as a factor of two between wet and dry years. Coastal inflows and outflows vary by year and by aquifer; the net coastal inflow, or seawater intrusion, ranges from about 1,000 to more than 6,000 acre-ft/yr. Maps of simulated and measured water-level elevations indicate regions with water levels below sea level in the alluvium and Aromas layers. Ongoing expansion of local hydrologic monitoring networks indicates the importance of these networks to the understanding of changes in groundwater flow, streamflow, and streamflow infiltration. In particular, the monitoring of streamflow, groundwater pumpage, and groundwater levels throughout the valley not only indicates the state of the resources, but also provides valuable information for model calibration and for model-based evaluation of management actions. The HS-ASR was simulated for the years 2002-09, and replaced about about 1,290 acre-ft of coastal pumpage. This was combined with the simulation of additional 6,200 acre-ft of deliveries from supplemental wells, recycled water, and city connection deliveries through the CDS that also supplanted some coastal pumpage. Total simulated deliveries were 7,350 acre-ft of the 7,500 acre-ft of reported deliveries for the period 2002-09. The completed CDS should be capable of delivering about 8.8 million cubic meters (7,150 acre-ft) of water per year to coastal farms within the Pajaro Valley, if all the local supply components were fully available for this purpose. This would represent about 15 percent of the 48,300 acre-ft (59.6 million cubic meters) average agricultural pumpage for the period 2005 to 2009. Combined with the potential capture and reuse of some of the return flows and tile-drain flows, this could represent an almost 70 percent reduction of average overdraft for the entire valley and a large part of the coastal pumpage that induces seawater intrusion.
Book Synopsis Hydrologic Models and Analysis of Water Availability in Cuyama Valley, California by :
Download or read book Hydrologic Models and Analysis of Water Availability in Cuyama Valley, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in population, agricultural development practices (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are placing increasingly larger demands on available water resources, particularly groundwater, in the Cuyama Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions in Santa Barbara County. The goal of this study was to produce a model capable of being accurate at scales relevant to water management decisions that could be considered in the evaluation of the sustainable water supply. The Cuyama Valley Hydrologic Model (CUVHM) was designed to simulate the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system, including components dependent on variations in climate, thereby providing a reliable assessment of groundwater conditions and processes that can inform water users and help to improve planning for future conditions. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, construction of a precipitation-runoff model using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), and construction of an integrated hydrologic flow model with MODFLOW-One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM). The hydrologic models were calibrated to historical conditions of water and land use and, then, used to assess the use and movement of water throughout the Valley. These tools provide a means to understand the evolution of water use in the Valley, its availability, and the limits of sustainability. The conceptual model identified inflows and outflows that include the movement and use of water in both natural and anthropogenic systems. The groundwater flow system is characterized by a layered geologic sedimentary sequence that--in combination with the effects of groundwater pumping, natural recharge, and the application of irrigation water at the land surface--displays vertical hydraulic-head gradients. Overall, most of the agricultural demand for water in the Cuyama Valley in the initial part of the growing season is supplied by groundwater, which is augmented by precipitation during wet winter and spring seasons. In addition, the amount of groundwater used for irrigation varies from year to year in response to climate variation and can increase dramatically in dry years. Model simulation results, however, also indicated that irrigation may have been less efficient during wet years. Agricultural pumpage is a major component to simulated outflow that is often poorly recorded. Therefore, an integrated, coupled farm-process model is used to estimate historical pumpage for water-balance subregions that evolved with the development of groundwater in the Valley from 1949 through 2010. The integrated hydrologic model includes these water-balance subregions and delineates natural, municipal, and agricultural land use; streamflow networks; and groundwater flow systems. The redefinition of the geohydrologic framework (including the internal architecture of the sedimentary units) and incorporation of these units into the simulation of the regional groundwater flow system indicated that faults have compartmentalized the alluvial deposits into subregions, which have responded differently to regional groundwater flow, locations of recharge, and the effects of development. The Cuyama Valley comprises nine subregions grouped into three regional zones, the Main, Ventucopa Uplands, and Sierra Madre Foothills, which are fault bounded, represent different proportions of the three alluvial aquifers, and have different water quality. The CUVHM uses MF-OWHM to simulate and assess the use and movement of water, including the evolution of land use and related water-balance regions. The model is capable of being accurate at annual to interannual time frames and at subregional to valley-wide spatial scales, which allows for analysis of the groundwater hydrologic budget for the water years 1950-2010, as well as potential assessment of the sustainable use of groundwater. Simulated changes in storage over time showed that significant withdrawals from storage generally occurred not only during drought years (1976-77 and 1988-92) but also during the early stages of industrial agriculture, which was initially dominated by alfalfa production. Since the 1990s, agriculture has shifted to more water-intensive crops. Measured and simulated groundwater levels indicated substantial declines in selected subregions, mining of groundwater that is thousands to tens of thousands of years old, increased groundwater storage depletion, and land subsidence. Most of the recharge occurs in the upland regions of Ventucopa and Sierra Madre Foothills, and the largest fractions of pumpage and storage depletion occur in the Main subregion. The long-term imbalance between inflows and outflows resulted in simulated overdraft (groundwater withdrawals in excess of natural recharge) of the groundwater basin over the 61-year period of 1949-2010. Changes in storage varied considerably from year to year, depending on land use, pumpage, and climate conditions. Climatically driven factors can greatly affect inflows, outflows, and water use by more than a factor of two between wet and dry years. Although precipitation during inter-decadal wet years previously replenished the basin, the water use and storage depletion have lessened the effects of these major recharge events. Simulated and measured water-level altitudes indicated the presence of large areas where depressed water levels have resulted in large desaturated zones in the younger and Older Alluvium layers in the Main-zone subregions. The results of modeled projection of the base-case scenario 61 years into the future indicated that current supply-and-demand are unsustainable and will result in additional groundwater-level declines and related storage depletion and land subsidence. The reduced-supply and reduced-demand projections reduced groundwater storage depletion but may not allow for sustainable agriculture under current demands, agricultural practices, and land use.
Book Synopsis Model Integration for Assessing Future Hydroclimate Impacts on Water Resources, Agricultural Production and Environmental Quality in the San Joaquin Basin, California by :
Download or read book Model Integration for Assessing Future Hydroclimate Impacts on Water Resources, Agricultural Production and Environmental Quality in the San Joaquin Basin, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Water for Agriculture in California by :
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Water for Agriculture in California written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change has the potential to dramatically alter hydrologic conditions in California by changing the spatial and temporal patterns of snow accumulation and snow melt. The water management infrastructure in California has been designed and is operated in accordance with historic hydrologic patterns. Understanding if and how this infrastructure can be managed in the face of global climate change in order to meet the array of vital water management objectives for the system is a critical research question addressed in part by this study. Here an application of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system, developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute, is presented for California's Sacramento River Basin. WEAP is an integrated hydrology and water resources systems model that allows for assessment of climate change impact and adaptation in the water sector based solely on future climate time series. The model is used to evaluate the impact of four future climate scenarios on agricultural water management in the region, and to investigate whether water management adaptation could reduce potential impacts.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology and Agricultural Pollutant Runoff in California's Central Valley by : Darren L. Ficklin
Download or read book Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology and Agricultural Pollutant Runoff in California's Central Valley written by Darren L. Ficklin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and HYDRUS were used to assess the impact of climate change on the hydrologic cycle (streamflow, surface runoff, groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, and irrigation water use) and agricultural pollutant runoff (sediment, nitrate, phosphorus, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon) in the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds in California's Central Valley. Five separate studies were constructed. For the first three studies, hydrological responses were modeled in the San Joaquin River watershed using variations of atmospheric CO2 (550 and 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 and +6.4°C), and precipitation (0%, ±10%, and ±20%) based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections. The fourth study used a calibration and an uncertainty analysis technique for the calibration of the Sacramento River watershed. This study confirmed that SWAT was able to capture the large amount of uncertainty within the Sacramento River watershed and successfully simulate streamflow, sediment, nitrate, chlorpyrifos and diazinon loads. The final study used a novel stochastic climate change analysis technique to bracket the 95% confidence interval of potential climate changes. For all studies, increases in precipitation generally changed the hydrological cycle and agricultural runoff proportionally, where increases in precipitation resulted in increases in surface runoff and thus agricultural runoff and vice-versa. Also, for all studies, increasing temperature caused a temporal shift in plant growth patterns and redistributed evapotranspiration and irrigation water demand earlier in the year. Increasing atmospheric CO2 resulted in watershed-wide decreases in evapotranspiration, therefore increasing water yield and streamflow while concurrently decreasing irrigation water use. This research improves the understanding between climate change and hydrology and agricultural pollutant runoff within the Central Valley of California. Theses climate change analyses may be used by water resource managers to evaluate the potential effects of climate change.
Book Synopsis Predicted Effects of a Proposed Water-resource Management Plan in the Lower San Luis Rey River Valley, California, Using Digital Ground-water Flow Models by : James A. Skrivan
Download or read book Predicted Effects of a Proposed Water-resource Management Plan in the Lower San Luis Rey River Valley, California, Using Digital Ground-water Flow Models written by James A. Skrivan and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Framework for a Ground-water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Program for California by : Kenneth Belitz
Download or read book Framework for a Ground-water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Program for California written by Kenneth Belitz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Modeling in the Upper Rio Grande in Support of Scenario Analysis by : Jesse Roach
Download or read book Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Modeling in the Upper Rio Grande in Support of Scenario Analysis written by Jesse Roach and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and growing demands to finite and fully allocated water resources in the semi-arid southwestern United States mean that existing water resources must be managed with increasing efficiency to minimize shortages and associated social conflict. Computer based simulations can provide a powerful tool to aid in policy related decisions. This dissertation describes the development of a simulation model of the Rio Grande surface water and groundwater system for use in scenario evaluation. The primary model goal is to integrate cross disciplinary science at a basin scale, and make it easily accessible to a wide range of stakeholders. To achieve this at a river basin scale, three existing groundwater models and one surface water model were simplified and combined in a system dynamics framework using the commercial software package Powersim Studio 2005. To this physical model, a simple human behavioral model and user interface was added. The resulting scenario evaluation tool runs 40 year simulations on a laptop computer in tens of seconds, with inputs that are easily changed by non-expert users via a graphic, user friendly interface.
Book Synopsis Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources for the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region by : Mauricio Meza-Pedraza
Download or read book Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources for the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region written by Mauricio Meza-Pedraza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potential climate change impacts on water resources on the Sacramento River Basin (Basin) and their economic impacts on agriculture were evaluated in this study. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was used to develop a simulation model for the Basin. WEAP is a computer software used for integrated water resources planning that operates on the principles of water balance accounts. The model was applied to evaluate hydrologic implications of climate change scenarios by projecting future precipitation in the Basin for the period of 2016 to 2058 and estimate potential financial impacts on agriculture. Results indicates that extreme events such as extended drought conditions due to climate change can occur in the future. Model simulations revealed that the only county that could face an increase in financial losses in extreme events due to climate change within the Basin is El Dorado County. Financial losses due to crop yield reduction as a result of extreme drought are estimated at $37.5M. Approximately $4.5M more when compared to possible expected losses of $33M for five years of moderate drought following historical hydrologic patterns. Finally, model results show incremental and steady groundwater depletion in the Basin. Groundwater storage in the Basin could decrease from 66 MAF to 60 MAF. This indicates that extreme events such as extended drought conditions could add additional stresses on groundwater situation, and as a result have adverse effects on agriculture in the Basin.
Book Synopsis Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on California Water Resources by : Sebastian Vicuna
Download or read book Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on California Water Resources written by Sebastian Vicuna and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Water Supply and Agricultural Water Management in California's Western San Joaquin Valley, and Potential Adaptation Strategies by :
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Water Supply and Agricultural Water Management in California's Western San Joaquin Valley, and Potential Adaptation Strategies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Calibration of the California Central Valley Groundwater-surface Water Simulation Model (C2VSim), Version 3.02-CG by : Charles Frank Brush
Download or read book Development and Calibration of the California Central Valley Groundwater-surface Water Simulation Model (C2VSim), Version 3.02-CG written by Charles Frank Brush and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Study of Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction Using High Resolution Integrated Model by : Yunjie Liu
Download or read book Modeling Study of Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction Using High Resolution Integrated Model written by Yunjie Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundwater and surface water comprise a single source of water resources. Efficient and sustainable water resource management requires using groundwater and surface water conjunctively. Worldwide, many water shortage problems come from the fact that neither the timing nor the location of precipitation coincide with water demands. Climate change makes this problem even worse. For California particularly, the warming trend is shifting more precipitation to fall as rain rather than snow during winter season, thereby reducing snow pack in Sierra Nevada Mountains. In addition, snowmelt is occurring earlier in spring due to warmer temperatures, therefore reducing the availability of snowmelt water that contributes to stream flow and surface reservoirs during dry summer season. Climate projections also suggest that winter floods will become more frequent, as will hotter and drier summers. The imbalance in time of water distribution within a year (wet, dry season), and between years (wet, dry year), as well as extreme climate events (for example, 1997 California flood, 2012-2014 California mega drought), create great challenges for water resource management. It is especially true when climate change effect is expected to continue. This study evaluates winter floodplain inundation as a strategy of capturing and storing excess winter flood water beneath Central Valley floor to restore groundwater for local subsurface reservoir development. The parallel, variably saturated flow modeling code, ParFlow, is chosen to model the spatial and temporal patterns of surface water and groundwater interaction in heterogeneous subsurface under floodplain inundation at lower Cosumnes River floodplain. Particularly, the mechanics of groundwater and surface interaction in heterogeneous subsurface is investigated. Capturing and storing excess winter flood water for the development of local subsurface groundwater reservoir and its impact on water resource management is discussed. Results of this study show that groundwater and surface water interaction under floodplain inundation is controlled by the heterogeneity of subsurface, primarily the connectivity of heterogeneity, as well as flood water inundating dynamics. A local subsurface reservoir can be augmented through floodplain inundation practice. However, its role of mitigating climate change impact on water resource management on a long time frame needs further investigation.
Book Synopsis Mean and Extreme Climate Change Impacts on the State Water Project by : Jianzhong Wang
Download or read book Mean and Extreme Climate Change Impacts on the State Water Project written by Jianzhong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Model of San Juan Valley Ground-water Basin, San Benito County, California by : Robert E. Faye
Download or read book Mathematical Model of San Juan Valley Ground-water Basin, San Benito County, California written by Robert E. Faye and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
