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Institutional Constraints Vs Values
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Book Synopsis Controlling the Bureaucracy by : William F. West
Download or read book Controlling the Bureaucracy written by William F. West and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1995 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the growth of bureaucracy has accompanied modernization throughout the world, it has been especially unsettling for America's particular system of democracy. American government has adapted to the rise of the administrative state through three, often-conflicting, means of promoting accountability. It has sought to ensure desired qualities in agency decision making through participatory opportunities and standards of rationality that are enforced through the courts. And both the president and Congress have sought to monitor and shape agencies' actions in accordance with their own policy preferences. Each of these controls has received considerable attention, but there are few up-to-date discussions of all three. This book fills that void by providing a balanced overview of the institutional powers and resources associated with administrative due process and executive and legislative oversight at the federal level.
Book Synopsis Institutional Constraints Vs. Values by : Richard Rose
Download or read book Institutional Constraints Vs. Values written by Richard Rose and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Capital and Institutional Constraints by : Joonmo Son
Download or read book Social Capital and Institutional Constraints written by Joonmo Son and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses new empirical data to test how social capital works in different societies with diverse political-economic and cultural institutions. Taking a comparative approach, this study focuses on data from three very different societies, China, Taiwan and the United States, in order to reveal the international commonalities and disparities in access to, and activation of, social capital in labor markets. In particular, this book tests whether political economic and cultural differences between capitalist and socialist economic systems and between Western and Confucian cultures create different types of individual social networks and usages.
Book Synopsis Beyond Bias and Barriers by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Beyond Bias and Barriers written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States economy relies on the productivity, entrepreneurship, and creativity of its people. To maintain its scientific and engineering leadership amid increasing economic and educational globalization, the United States must aggressively pursue the innovative capacity of all its people—women and men. However, women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy. Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America's competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Responses to Institutional Constraints by : Ryan Michael Abman
Download or read book Responses to Institutional Constraints written by Ryan Michael Abman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutions, as mechanisms of social order, often constrain the behavior of individuals within a society. Political institutions constrain the behavior of politicians, financial institutions constrain the behavior of businesses and payment processors and social institutions often constrain the behavior of individuals. These institutions often play an important role in constraining activities that may be seen as illicit or unwanted and careful analysis of these constraints can allow researchers to learn more about activities that are often hidden or go unreported.
Book Synopsis Passions and Constraint by : Stephen Holmes
Download or read book Passions and Constraint written by Stephen Holmes and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holmes argues that the aspirations of liberal democracy - including individual liberty, the equal dignity of citizens, and a tolerance for diversity - are best understood in relation to two central themes of classical liberal theory: the psychological motivations of individuals and the necessary constraints on individual passions provided by robust institutions. Paradoxically, Holmes argues, such institutional restraints serve to enable, rather than limit or dilute, effective democracy.
Book Synopsis Institutional Constraints and Policy Choice by : James C. Clingermayer
Download or read book Institutional Constraints and Policy Choice written by James C. Clingermayer and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2001-04-12 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrates how governmental structure and institutional rules determine who gets what in American cities.
Book Synopsis Credit Rationing and Institutional Constraint by : Xiangping Jia
Download or read book Credit Rationing and Institutional Constraint written by Xiangping Jia and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of credit has long occupied a central place in development strategies. Rural credit institutions are more than an instrument of intermediation, they also handle risk, mobilize and disseminate information about market and technology. Given the informational problems and innate disadvantages of rural credit markets, the rationale for laissez-faire and liberalization is by no means based on a sound understanding of the state's role in redressing market failures. This study examines the rural credit market in China, its impacts on agricultural transformation and the state's role in the functioning of markets. The particular objectives are to identify the determinants of credit rationing in both formal and informal sectors, to show the extent of credit rationing, to reveal the dynamic role of institutional lending in agricultural transformation, and to understand the challenges in developing efficient institutions.
Book Synopsis The Soft Budget Constraint — The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution by : Gun Eriksson Skoog
Download or read book The Soft Budget Constraint — The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution written by Gun Eriksson Skoog and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a story of the soft budget constraint. It seeks an answer to a paradox: the prevalence of the soft budget constraint in spite of the tremendous inefficiencies that it gives rise to, and its persistence in spite of reform of the system of which it is an integral part. The story aims at increasing our understanding of why the phenomenon exists. By studying the case of state in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, an explanation of the owned enterprises emergence, persistence and logic of the soft budget constraint is suggested. This introductory chapter presents an argument showing why this story is worth telling. It discusses the research topic and how the problem it presents is attacked. THE SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT The soft budget constraint is today a popular metaphor. Originally it was seen as a characteristic of the socialist system. It refers to the tendency of primarily state-owned enterprises to have their liquidity gaps or losses accommodated by the state, or some other external funding body, and to the resulting expectations of such bail-out. The concept was coined by the Hungarian economist Hmos Kornai. ' He distinguishes between four major forms of external financial assistance that contribute to the soft budget constraint: soft subsidies, soft taxation, soft credit and soft 2 administrative pricing.
Book Synopsis Institutional Constraints to Small Farmer Development in Southern Africa by : Ajuruchukwu Obi
Download or read book Institutional Constraints to Small Farmer Development in Southern Africa written by Ajuruchukwu Obi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southern Africa region has experienced more than its fair share of problems in recent years. Just when it seemed that the hardships wrought by the devastating cycle of droughts and floods of 2000 to 2002 were a thing of the past, other problems emerged. At one level, there have been the weak and often erratic governance mechanisms and political crises in some countries of the region, leading to severe disruptions in agricultural production to the point that supplies and markets have virtually disappeared. At another level, socio-cultural rigidities have often militated against the adoption of efficient farming practices, resulting in sub-optimal choices that lock smallholders into a low equilibrium trap. In the face of the disappearing supplies and missing markets, these have engendered hyper-inflationary trends of a magnitude unknown anywhere else in the world. But in the midst of all this apparent dreariness, cases are emerging from which immense lessons can be drawn. This book assembles a collection of research papers based on studies completed in 2008 and 2009 in Southern Africa that examine various dimensions of the institutional constraints small farmers are facing in the region and how they are going about dealing with them. The papers draw from these diverse and polar experiences and present some theoretical and practical insights that should form the basis for more in-depth, country-level, sector-specific analyses, focusing mainly on citrus, horticultures, cotton and livestock. The thematic issues of income inequality, land reform, natural resource management and value chain governance and chain choice, are covered in this book and are expected to be of interest for a wide constituency, including researchers, development practitioners, rural animators, and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Family formation made difficult. The role of Institutional constraints on Gender Work- Family relations by :
Download or read book Family formation made difficult. The role of Institutional constraints on Gender Work- Family relations written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Gender Studies, grade: 1,0, University of Cologne (Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät), course: Gender, Work and Family, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses research on the macro (the institutional) level about social patterns that affect families as a whole as well as the individuals personal and occupational lives. The role and the importance of institutional structures are discussed for their impact on patterns of work and hence, the opportunities and challenges that parents face within family life are examined. Therefore, institutional arrangements affecting gender equality, parental leave (with explicit views on both maternal and paternal leave), education, divorce, and fertility are analyzed. This paper seeks to examine the interplay of the macro-structures of institutions and the micro-structures of families.
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Global and Sectoral Aspects by : Christopher B. Field
Download or read book Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Global and Sectoral Aspects written by Christopher B. Field and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.
Book Synopsis The People Vs. the Courts by : Mathew Manweller
Download or read book The People Vs. the Courts written by Mathew Manweller and published by Academica Press,LLC. This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph analyses and describes how initiative elites react to the high level of judicial review of their successfully passed ballot measures and why those reactions are failing to decrease the number of judicial nullifications. For the last 30 years, state ballot measures that have passed and been challenged in court have been nullified at the ration of 1 out of 2. As a result of a 50% rate of nullification initiative elites have benefited from institutional learning and have become more sophisticated and politically savvy. However the nullification have hardly plummeted. The work explains why and posits other legal and political actions that may be possible for the ballot winners and their supporters.
Book Synopsis Resources, Values and Development by : Amartya Sen
Download or read book Resources, Values and Development written by Amartya Sen and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resources, Values and Development contains many of Amartya Sen's path-breaking contributions to development economics, including papers on resource allocation in nonwage systems, shadow pricing, employment policy, welfare economics, poverty assessment, gender-based inequality, and hunger and famines.
Book Synopsis The Constrained Court by : Michael A. Bailey
Download or read book The Constrained Court written by Michael A. Bailey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do Supreme Court justices decide their cases? Do they follow their policy preferences? Or are they constrained by the law and by other political actors? The Constrained Court combines new theoretical insights and extensive data analysis to show that law and politics together shape the behavior of justices on the Supreme Court. Michael Bailey and Forrest Maltzman show how two types of constraints have influenced the decision making of the modern Court. First, Bailey and Maltzman document that important legal doctrines, such as respect for precedents, have influenced every justice since 1950. The authors find considerable variation in how these doctrines affect each justice, variation due in part to the differing experiences justices have brought to the bench. Second, Bailey and Maltzman show that justices are constrained by political factors. Justices are not isolated from what happens in the legislative and executive branches, and instead respond in predictable ways to changes in the preferences of Congress and the president. The Constrained Court shatters the myth that justices are unconstrained actors who pursue their personal policy preferences at all costs. By showing how law and politics interact in the construction of American law, this book sheds new light on the unique role that the Supreme Court plays in the constitutional order.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Institutional Economics by : Geoffrey M Hodgson
Download or read book The Evolution of Institutional Economics written by Geoffrey M Hodgson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-03-04 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting new book from Geoffrey Hodgson is eagerly awaited by social scientists from many different backgrounds. This book charts the rise, fall and renewal of institutional economics in the critical, analytical and readable style that Hodgson's fans have come to know and love, and that a new generation of readers will surely come to appreciat
Book Synopsis Concise Reader in Sociological Theory by : Michele Dillon
Download or read book Concise Reader in Sociological Theory written by Michele Dillon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential writings from classical and contemporary sociological theorists engagingly introduced and brought to life for students This Concise Reader in Sociological Theory contains excerpts from the writings of a wide range of key theorists who represent the dynamic breadth of classical and contemporary, macro- and micro-sociological theory. The selected writings elaborate on the core concepts and arguments of sociological theory, and, along with the commentary, explore topics that resonate today such as: crisis and change, institutions and networks, power and inequality, race, gender, difference, and much more. The text contains editorial introductions to each section that clearly explain the intellectual context of the theorists and their arguments and reinforce their relevance to sociological analysis and society today. The excerpts include writings from the classicists Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, W.E.B. Du Bois to the contemporary Patricia Hill Collins, Dorothy Smith, Raewyn Connell. This indispensable book: Offers a concise review of the diverse field of sociological theory Includes contributions from a wide range of noted classical and contemporary theorists Incorporates engaging empirical examples from contemporary society Demonstrates the relevance and significance of the ideas presented in the theorists’ writings Designed for undergraduate and graduate students in sociology and in social and political theory, Concise Reader in Sociological Theory is an engaging and accessible guide to the most relevant sociological theorists.
