Inside the Islamic Republic

Download Inside the Islamic Republic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190264845
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inside the Islamic Republic by : Mahmood Monshipouri

Download or read book Inside the Islamic Republic written by Mahmood Monshipouri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-Khomenei era has profoundly changed the socio-political landscape of Iran. Since 1989, the internal dynamics of change in Iran, rooted in a panoply of socioeconomic, cultural, institutional, demographic, and behavioral factors, have led to a noticeable transition in both societal and governmental structures of power, as well as the way in which many Iranians have come to deal with the changing conditions of their society. This is all exacerbated by the global trend of communication and information expansion, as Iran has increasingly become the site of the burgeoning demands for women's rights, individual freedoms, and festering tensions and conflicts over cultural politics. These realities, among other things, have rendered Iran a country of unprecedented-and at time paradoxical-changes. This book explains how and why.

The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State

Download The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400845025
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State by : Noah Feldman

Download or read book The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State written by Noah Feldman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-26 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps no other Western writer has more deeply probed the bitter struggle in the Muslim world between the forces of religion and law and those of violence and lawlessness as Noah Feldman. His scholarship has defined the stakes in the Middle East today. Now, in this incisive book, Feldman tells the story behind the increasingly popular call for the establishment of the shari'a--the law of the traditional Islamic state--in the modern Muslim world. Western powers call it a threat to democracy. Islamist movements are winning elections on it. Terrorists use it to justify their crimes. What, then, is the shari'a? Given the severity of some of its provisions, why is it popular among Muslims? Can the Islamic state succeed--should it? Feldman reveals how the classical Islamic constitution governed through and was legitimated by law. He shows how executive power was balanced by the scholars who interpreted and administered the shari'a, and how this balance of power was finally destroyed by the tragically incomplete reforms of the modern era. The result has been the unchecked executive dominance that now distorts politics in so many Muslim states. Feldman argues that a modern Islamic state could provide political and legal justice to today's Muslims, but only if new institutions emerge that restore this constitutional balance of power. The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State gives us the sweeping history of the traditional Islamic constitution--its noble beginnings, its downfall, and the renewed promise it could hold for Muslims and Westerners alike. In a new introduction, Feldman discusses developments in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and other Muslim-majority countries since the Arab Spring and describes how Islamists must meet the challenge of balance if the new Islamic states are to succeed.

Who Rules Iran?

Download Who Rules Iran? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Who Rules Iran? by : Wilfried Buchta

Download or read book Who Rules Iran? written by Wilfried Buchta and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Public Freedoms in the Islamic State

Download Public Freedoms in the Islamic State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300252854
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Public Freedoms in the Islamic State by : Rached Ghannouchi

Download or read book Public Freedoms in the Islamic State written by Rached Ghannouchi and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available now for the first time in English, the most important work of one of the great moderate political leaders of the Muslim world Rached Ghannouchi has long been known as a reformist or moderate Islamist thinker. In Public Freedoms in the Islamic State, his most influential book, he argues that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—in its broad outlines—should be widely accepted by Muslims under the correct interpretation of Islamic law and theology. Under his theory of the purposes of Shari‘a, justice and human welfare are not exclusive to Islamic governance, and the objectives of Islamic law can be advanced in multiple ways. Appearing in English translation here for the first time, this book is a major statement by one of the most important political theorists in the modern Middle East.

Empire of Fear

Download Empire of Fear PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oneworld Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781780748238
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (482 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Empire of Fear by : Andrew Hosken

Download or read book Empire of Fear written by Andrew Hosken and published by Oneworld Publications. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 2014 Islamic State launched an astonishing blitzkrieg which saw them seize control of an area in the Middle East the size of Britain. The news was soon filled with their relentless acts of savagery, yet nobody seemed to know who they were or where they’d come from. Now BBC reporter Andrew Hosken delivers the inside story on Islamic State. Through extensive first-hand reporting, Hosken builds a comprehensive picture of IS, their brutal ideology and exterminationist methods. Equally compelling and horrifying, Empire of Fear reveals how Islamic State came to be, explores how they might be defeated and asks a frightening question – if they were brought down, could we stop another group emerging to replace them?

The Islamic State in Khorasan

Download The Islamic State in Khorasan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1787380955
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Islamic State in Khorasan by : Antonio Giustozzi

Download or read book The Islamic State in Khorasan written by Antonio Giustozzi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So-called Islamic State began to appear in what it calls Khorasan (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, Iran and India) in 2014. Reports of its presence were at first dismissed as propaganda, but during 2015 it became clear that IS had a serious presence in Afghanistan and Pakistan at least. This book, by one of the leading experts on Islamist insurgency in the region, explores the nature of IS in Khorasan, its aim and strategies, and its evolution in an environment already populated by many jihadist organisations. Based on first-hand research and numerous interviews with members of IS in Khorasan, as well as with other participants and observers, the book addresses highly contentious issues such as funding, IS's relationship with the region's authorities, and its interactions with other insurgent groups. Giustozzi argues that the central leadership of IS invested significant financial resources in establishing its own branch in Khorasan, and as such it is more than a local movement which adopted the IS brand for its own aims. Though the central leadership has been struggling in implementing its project, it is now turning towards a more realistic approach. This is the first book on a new frontier in Islamic State's international jihad.

Hidden Iran

Download Hidden Iran PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0805079769
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hidden Iran by : Ray Takeyh

Download or read book Hidden Iran written by Ray Takeyh and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Media Persuasion in the Islamic State

Download Media Persuasion in the Islamic State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023154412X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Media Persuasion in the Islamic State by : Neil Krishan Aggarwal

Download or read book Media Persuasion in the Islamic State written by Neil Krishan Aggarwal and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the declaration of the War on Terror in 2001, militant groups such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State have used the internet to disseminate their message and persuade people to commit violence. While many books have studied their operational strategies and battlefield tactics, Media Persuasion in the Islamic State is the first to analyze the culture and psychology of militant persuasion. Drawing upon decades of research in cultural psychiatry, cultural psychology, and psychiatric anthropology, Neil Krishan Aggarwal investigates how the Islamic State has convinced people to engage in violence since its founding in 2003. Through analysis of hundreds of articles, speeches, videos, songs, and bureaucratic documents in English and Arabic, the book traces how the jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi created a new culture and psychology, one that would pit Sunni Muslims against all others after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Aggarwal tracks how Osama bin Laden and al-Zarqawi disagreed over the goal of militancy in jihad before reaching a détente in 2004 and how al-Qaeda in Iraq merged with five other groups to diffuse its militant cultural identity in 2006 before taking advantage of the Syrian civil war to emerge as the Islamic State. Aggarwal offers a definitive analysis of how culture is created, debated, and disseminated within militant organizations like the Islamic State. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and area-studies experts will find a comprehensive, systematic method for analyzing culture and psychology so they can partner with political scientists, policy makers, and counterterrorism experts in crafting counter-messaging strategies against militants.

Revolutionary Iran

Download Revolutionary Iran PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190468963
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Revolutionary Iran by : Michael Axworthy

Download or read book Revolutionary Iran written by Michael Axworthy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Revolutionary Iran, Michael Axworthy guides us through recent Iranian history from shortly before the 1979 Islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when Iranians poured into the streets of Tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Axworthy explains how that outpouring of support for an end to tyranny in Iran paused and then moved on to other areas in the region like Egypt and Libya, leaving Iran's leadership unchanged. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was a defining moment of the modern era. Its success unleashed a wave of Islamist fervor across the Middle East and signaled a sharp decline in the appeal of Western ideologies in the Islamic world. Axworthy takes readers through the major periods in Iranian history over the last thirty years: the overthrow of the old regime and the creation of the new one; the Iran-Iraq war; the reconstruction era following the war; the reformist wave led by Mohammed Khatami; and the present day, in which reactionaries have re-established control. Throughout, he emphasizes that the Iranian revolution was centrally important in modern history because it provided the world with a clear model of development that was not rooted in Western ideologies. Whereas the world's major revolutions of the previous two centuries had been fuelled by Western, secular ideologies, the Iranian Revolution drew its inspiration from Islam. Revolutionary Iran is both richly textured and from one of the leading authorities on the region; combining an expansive scope with the most accessible and definitive account of this epoch in all its humanity.

The ISIS Reader

Download The ISIS Reader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197536085
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The ISIS Reader by : Haroro J. Ingram

Download or read book The ISIS Reader written by Haroro J. Ingram and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of its "Caliphate" declaration in 2014, the self-described Islamic State has been the focus of countless academic papers, government studies, media commentaries and documentaries. Despite all this attention, persistent myths continue to shape--and misdirect--public understanding and strategic policy decisions. A significant factor in this trend has been a strong disinclination to engage critically with Islamic State's speeches and writings--as if doing so reflects empathy with the movement's goals or, even more absurdly, may itself lead to radicalisation. Going beyond the descriptive and the sensationalist, this volume presents and analyses a series of milestone Islamic State primary source materials. Scholar-practitioners with field experience in confronting the movement explore and contextualise its approach to warfare, propaganda and governance, examining the factors behind its dramatic evolution from failed proto-state in 2010 to standard-bearer of global jihadism in 2014, to besieged insurgency in 2018. The ISIS Reader will help anyone--students and journalists, military personnel, civil servants and inquisitive observers--to better understand not only the evolution of Islamic State and the dynamics of asymmetric warfare, but the importance of primary sources in doing so.

Iran Today [2 volumes]

Download Iran Today [2 volumes] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1567207405
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (672 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Iran Today [2 volumes] by : Manochehr Dorraj

Download or read book Iran Today [2 volumes] written by Manochehr Dorraj and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-10-30 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iran dominates the media headlines once again and has taken center stage in the U.S. and European Union strategy toward the Middle East. A more nuanced understanding of Iranian society has assumed even greater significance and urgency. Iran Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Islamic Republic offers crucial insight for students and the general reader into an often misunderstood and complex country that is shrouded in mystery and misperception. Heir to a long history and a great culture and civilization, Iran embodies a rich, complex, and diverse mosaic that defines its national identity. Diversity is also the operative word that describes Iranian landscapes and geography, its multiple ethnic groups and their varied cultures and traditions, as well as the uneven and vastly different levels of economic and industrial development, conflicting political tendencies, and different and often contradictory social and cultural outlooks. Because of its tumultuous recent political history, Iran appears to encapsulate all of these internal differences and stark contrasts somewhat more distinctly than most of its neighbors. The 1978-1979 revolution transformed the society and culture in fundamental ways and redefined social life. It created new institutions of governance and Islamicized the culture, education and the legal system in an attempt to create a new society that would usher in the reign of piety and virtue. Yet, Islamization had to come to terms with pre-Islamic and illustrious Persian history and culture, as well as the realities of an interdependent, postmodern, globalized world in which, as a developing country, Iran resides in the periphery. Within this framework, the dynamics and complexity of social life in the Islamic Republic unfold. This encyclopedia is the source for up-to-date, authoritative information on a full range of critical topics of interest. Coverage of the Islamic Republic here falls into the general categories of history, politics, economics, society and culture. The most significant aspects of the life in Iran since the revolution-the era of the Islamic Republic so far-are stressed. The wide range of entries shows the richness and complexity of Iranian society, its multiple and varied facets, its expressions and outward manifestations, and its nuanced responses to political repression, instability, war, pervasive crisis and the chronic tension between modernity and tradition. Some of the entries designed to highlight these important phenomena revolve around the country's ethnic mosaic, the social role and position of women, veiling, the educational system, sports, intellectuals, the arts and artistic expression, literature, poetry, cuisine, healthcare, and the family. Other entries range from regionalism and urban development to the petroleum industry, agriculture, the banking system, issues of wealth and poverty, class structure and economic mobility, and the private sector. In a number of significant areas economic, social and cultural phenomena intersect. These intersections are reflected in entries on broadcasting and communications technology, the Internet, public relations, electronic and print media, and family planning and healthcare. A chronology, selected bibliography, and photos complement the entries.

Cultural Revolution in Iran

Download Cultural Revolution in Iran PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857722972
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cultural Revolution in Iran by : Annabelle Sreberny

Download or read book Cultural Revolution in Iran written by Annabelle Sreberny and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Islamic Republic of Iran has entered its fourth decade, and the values and legacy of the Revolution it was founded upon continue to have profound and contradictory consequences for Iranian life. Despite the repressive power of the current regime the immense creativity of popular cultural practices, that negotiate and resist a repressive system, is a potent and dynamic force. This book draws on the expertise and experience of Iranian and international academics and activists to address diverse areas of social and cultural innovation that are driving change and progress. While religious conservatism remains the creed of the establishment, this volume uncovers an underground world of new technology, media and entertainment that speaks to women seeking a greater public role and a restless younger generation that organises and engages with global trends online.

The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters

Download The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268158010
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (681 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters by : Muhsin J. al-Musawi

Download or read book The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters written by Muhsin J. al-Musawi and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction, Muhsin J. al-Musawi offers a groundbreaking study of literary heritage in the medieval and premodern Islamic period. Al-Musawi challenges the paradigm that considers the period from the fall of Baghdad in 1258 to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1919 as an "Age of Decay" followed by an "Awakening" (al-nahdah). His sweeping synthesis debunks this view by carefully documenting a "republic of letters" in the Islamic Near East and South Asia that was vibrant and dynamic, one varying considerably from the generally accepted image of a centuries-long period of intellectual and literary stagnation. Al-Musawi argues that the massive cultural production of the period was not a random enterprise: instead, it arose due to an emerging and growing body of readers across Islamic lands who needed compendiums, lexicons, and commentaries to engage with scholars and writers. Scholars, too, developed their own networks to respond to each other and to their readers. Rather than addressing only the elite, this culture industry supported a common readership that enlarged the creative space and audience for prose and poetry in standard and colloquial Arabic. Works by craftsmen, artisans, and women appeared side by side with those by distinguished scholars and poets. Through careful exploration of these networks, The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters makes use of relevant theoretical frameworks to situate this culture in the ongoing discussion of non-Islamic and European efforts. Thorough, theoretically rigorous, and nuanced, al-Musawi's book is an original contribution to a range of fields in Arabic and Islamic cultural history of the twelfth to eighteenth centuries.

Iran in World Politics

Download Iran in World Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780199326624
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (266 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Iran in World Politics by : Arshin Adib-Moghaddam

Download or read book Iran in World Politics written by Arshin Adib-Moghaddam and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is Iran continuously in the news? How has the Islamic Republic developed ideologically since the 1979 revolution? What are the best ways of comprehending the country at this critical juncture in its history? These are some of the questions at the heart of Arshin Adib-Moghaddam's book, which offers novel methodological and theoretical insights in explaining the foreign relations and domestic politics of post-revolutionary Iran. From the nuclear issue, to the perpetual stand-off with the United States, from the future of Iranian democracy to Iranian-Arab relations, from American neo-conservatism to Islamic utopian-romanticism, from Avicenna to Ayatollah Khomeini, the author guides the reader through the complexities that bedevil our understanding of contemporary Iran. In exposing the limitations of mainstream representations of the country and the wider Muslim world, Iran in World Politics makes a powerful case for 'critical Iranian studies', for a new system of thought that pluralises both the way we see Iran, and the international politics enveloping the country.

Inside Iran

Download Inside Iran PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OR Books
ISBN 13 : 9781944869656
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inside Iran by : Medea Benjamin

Download or read book Inside Iran written by Medea Benjamin and published by OR Books. This book was released on 2018 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. relations with Iran have been fraught for decades, but under the Trump Administration tensions are rising to startling levels. Medea Benjamin, one of the best-known 21st century activists, offers the incredible history of how a probable alliance became a bitter antagonism in this accessible and fascinating story. In 1979, the Iranian Revolution brought a full-scale theocracy to the 80 million inhabitants of the Middle East's second largest country, with. The rule of the ayatollahs opened the door to Islamic fundamentalism. In the decades since, bitter relations have persisted between the U.S. and Iran. Yet how is it that Iran has become the primary target of American antagonism over nations like Saudi Arabia, whose appalling human rights violations fail to depose it as one of America's closest allies in the Middle East? In the first general-audience book on the subject, Medea Benjamin elucidates the mystery behind this complex relationship, recounting the country's history from the pre-colonial period to its emergence as the one nation Democrats and Republicans alike can unite in denouncing. Benjamin has traveled several times to Iran, and uses her firsthand experiences with politicians, activists, and everyday citizens to provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of Iranian society. Tackling common misconceptions about Iran's system of government, its religiosity, and its citizens' way of life, Benjamin makes short work of the inflammatory rhetoric surrounding U.S.-Iranian relations, and presents a realistic and hopeful case for the two nations' future.

Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic

Download Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252029370
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (293 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic by : Lois Beck

Download or read book Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic written by Lois Beck and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of women in Iran has often been downplayed or obscured, particularly in the modern era. This volume demonstrates that women have long played important roles in different facets of Iranian society. Together with its companion, Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800, this volume completes a two-book project on the central importance of Iranian women from pre-Islamic times through the creation and establishment of the Islamic Republic. It includes essays from various disciplines by prominent scholars who examine women's roles in politics, society, and culture and the rise and development of the women's movement before and during the Islamic Republic. Several contributors address the issue of regional, ethnic, linguistic, and tribal diversity in Iran, which has long contained complex, heterogenous societies.

The Islamic State in Africa

Download The Islamic State in Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780197639320
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (393 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Islamic State in Africa by : Jason Warner

Download or read book The Islamic State in Africa written by Jason Warner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2022-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2019, Islamic State lost its last remaining sliver of territory in Syria, and its Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, was killed. These setbacks seemed to herald the Caliphate's death knell, and many now forecast its imminent demise. Yet its affiliates endure, particularly in Africa: nearly all of Islamic State's cells on the continent have reaffirmed their allegiance, attacks have continued in its name, many groups have been reinvigorated, and a new province has emerged. Why, in Africa, did the two major setbacks of 2019 have so little impact on support for Islamic State? The Islamic State in Africa suggests that this puzzle can be explained by the emergence and evolution of Islamic State's provinces in Africa, which it calls "sovereign subordinates". By examining the rise and development of eight Islamic State "cells", the authors show how, having pledged allegiance to IS Central, cells evolved mostly autonomously, using the IS brand as a means for accrual of power, but, in practice, receiving relatively little if any direction or material support from central command. Given this pattern, IS Central's relative decline has had little impact on its African affiliates--who are likely to remain committed to the Caliphate's cause for the foreseeable future.