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Author : David Charles Tobin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (375 download)
Download or read book Infrared Spectral Lineshapes of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide written by David Charles Tobin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Derek Edward Lambe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (557 download)
Download or read book Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide Species Measurement in Narrow Channels written by Derek Edward Lambe and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel method has been implemented for measuring the concentration of gas species, water vapor and carbon dioxide, within a narrow channel flow field non-invasively using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) in conjunction with a laser modulated at a high frequency (Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS)) tuned to the ro-vibrational transition of the species. This technique measures the absorption profile which is a strong function of the species concentration across short path lengths and small time spans, as in PEM fuel cells during high load cycles. This method has been verified in a transparent circular flow 12 cm path length and a 12 mm rectangular flow channel. Distinct absorption peaks for water vapor and carbon dioxide have been identified, and concentrations of water vapor and carbon dioxide within the test cells have been measured in situ with high temporal resolutions. A comparison of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the absorption lineshapes to the partial pressure of water vapor and carbon dioxide showed a predominantly linear relationship, except in the lower partial pressure regions. Test section temperature was observed to have very minimal impact on these curves at low partial pressure values. A porous media like a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) similar to those used in PEM fuel cells sandwiched between two rectangular flow channels was also tested. Some of the scattered radiation off the MEA was observed using a photodiode at high gain, allowing for more localized species detection. The technique was used to monitor the humidity on either side of the MEA during both temperature controlled and super-saturated conditions. The measurements were observed to be repeatable to within 10 %.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Atlas of High Resolution Infrared Spectra of Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : René Costard
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319220667
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics of Phospholipid-Water Interfaces written by René Costard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a highly innovative study of the ultrafast structural and vibrational dynamics of hydrated phospholipids, the basic constituents of cell membranes. As a novel approach to the water-phospholipid interface, the author studies phosphate vibrations using the most advanced methods of nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy, including femtosecond two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. He shows for the first time that the structure of interfacial water undergoes very limited fluctuations on a 300 fs time scale and that the lifetimes of hydrogen bonds with the phospholipid are typically longer than 10 ps. Such properties originate from the steric hindrance of water fluctuations at the interface and the orienting action of strong electric fields from the phospholipid head group dipoles. In an extensive series of additional experiments, the vibrational lifetimes of the different vibrations and the processes of energy dissipation are elucidated in detail.
Author : Jean-Michel Hartmann
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080569943
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra written by Jean-Michel Hartmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-08-12 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas phase molecular spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining information on the geometry and internal structure of isolated molecules as well as on the interactions that they undergo. It enables the study of fundamental parameters and processes and is also used for the sounding of gas media through optical techniques. It has been facing always renewed challenges, due to the considerable improvement of experimental techniques and the increasing demand for accuracy and scope of remote sensing applications. In practice, the radiating molecule is usually not isolated but diluted in a mixture at significant total pressure. The collisions among the molecules composing the gas can have a large influence on the spectral shape, affecting all wavelength regions through various mechanisms. These must be taken into account for the correct analysis and prediction of the resulting spectra. This book reviews our current experimental and theoretical knowledge and the practical consequences of collisional effects on molecular spectral shapes in neutral gases. General expressions are first given. They are formal of difficult use for practical calculations often but enable discussion of the approximations leading to simplified situations. The first case examined is that of isolated transitions, with the usual pressure broadening and shifting but also refined effects due to speed dependence and collision-induced velocity changes. Collisional line-mixing, which invalidates the notion of isolated transitions and has spectral consequences when lines are closely spaced, is then discussed within the impact approximation. Regions where the contributions of many distant lines overlap, such as troughs between transitions and band wings, are considered next. For a description of these far wings the finite duration of collisions and concomitant breakdown of the impact approximation must be taken into account. Finally, for long paths or elevated pressures, the dipole or polarizability induced by intermolecular interactions can make significant contributions. Specific models for the description of these collision induced absorption and light scattering processes are presented. The above mentioned topics are reviewed and discussed from a threefold point of view: the various models, the available data, and the consequences for applications including heat transfer, remote sensing and optical sounding. The extensive bibliography and discussion of some remaining problems complete the text. State-of-the-art on the subject A bibliography of nearly 1,000 references Tools for practical calculations Consequences for other scientific fields Numerous illustrative examples Fulfilling a need since there is no equivalent monograph on the subject
Author : David Murray Gates
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Line Parameters and Computed Spectra for Water Vapor Bands at 2.7 written by David Murray Gates and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas G. Kyle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Comparison Between Experimental and Calculated Spectra of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor written by Thomas G. Kyle and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Line by line calculations of absorption spectra were carried out for the 2.0 and the 2.7 micron bands of carbon dioxide and for the 2.7 micron band of water vapor. The parameters for these calculations are taken from published listings for these bands. The calculations are compared with experimental data of the same spectral resolution, this being a fraction of a wavenumber. The comparisons show the line positions to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The 2.0 micron bands of carbon dioxide differ from the calculations by a small amount, but adjustment of parameters is required for the experimental and calculated values to agree in the 2.7 micron bands of carbon dioxide. There are large differences between calculated and experimental spectra in the 2.7 micron band of water vapor throughout much of the spectra. (Author).
Author : Elaine M. Deutschman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Two Computer Programs to Produce Theoretical Absorption Spectra of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide written by Elaine M. Deutschman and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical basis and computational procedures for producing absorption spectra of water vapor and carbon dioxide under varying conditions of temperature and pressure are discussed. Such spectra are produced with a line- by-line analysis using theoretically calculated spectral parameters. Any experimentally practical degree of spectral resolution is possible. (Author).
Author : Stuart M. C. Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor Production at Rest and During Exercise. A Report on Data Collection for the Crew and Thermal Systems Division written by Stuart M. C. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William M. Geiger
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118642570
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Trace Analysis of Specialty and Electronic Gases written by William M. Geiger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the latest advances and applications of specialty and electronic gas analysis The semiconductor industry depends upon a broad range of instrumental techniques in order to detect and analyze impurities that may be present in specialty and electronic gases, including permanent gases, water vapor, reaction by-products, and metal species. Trace Analysis of Specialty and Electronic Gases draws together all the latest advances in analytical chemistry, providing researchers with both the theory and the operating principles of the full spectrum of instrumental techniques available for specialty and electronic gas analysis. Moreover, the book details the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, steering readers away from common pitfalls. Featuring contributions from leading analytical and industrial chemists, Trace Analysis of Specialty and Electronic Gases covers a wide range of practical industrial applications. The book begins with the historical development of gas analysis and then focuses on particular subjects or techniques such as: Metals sampling and ICP-MS analysis Improvements in FTIR spectroscopy Water vapor analysis techniques New infrared laser absorption spectroscopy approaches GC/MS, GC/AED, and GC-ICP-MS techniques Gas chromatography columns Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry Lastly, the book examines gas mixtures and standards that are critical for instrument calibration. There are also two appendices offering information on fittings and material compatibility. With its thorough review of the literature and step-by-step guidance, Trace Analysis of Specialty and Electronic Gases enables researchers to take full advantage of the latest advances in gas analysis. Although the book's focus is the semiconductor and electronics industry, analytical chemists in other industries facing challenges with such issues as detection selectivity and sensitivity, matrix gas interference, and materials compatibility will also discover plenty of useful analytical approaches and techniques.
Author : I. I︠A︡ Badinov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Spectroscopic Method of Integral Determination of the Water Vapor Content in a Column of Atmosphere written by I. I︠A︡ Badinov and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel David Gasster
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Collision Broadening of the Far Infrared Rotational Spectrum of Water Vapor written by Samuel David Gasster and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Albert Louis Betz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Infrared Heterodyne Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide in Planetary Atmospheres written by Albert Louis Betz and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : K.N. Rao
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323146759
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Spectroscopy of the earth's Atmosphere and interstellar Medium written by K.N. Rao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium focuses on the characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere in the far-infrared and microwave regions. It discusses the modes of observation in field measurements and reviews the two techniques used in the spectral region. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effect of water-vapor absorption, followed by a discussion on the two frequently used method for deriving atmospheric parameters from high-resolution infrared atmospheric spectra, namely, the equivalent width (EW) technique and the nonlinear least-square fitting (NLSF). Other chapters consider the mechanisms by which interstellar clouds are formed. In addition, the book explores the composition of interstellar clouds, ion-molecule reactions, and the formation of stars. This book will be useful to anyone involved in, or interested in learning more about the field of atmospheric spectroscopy, including scientists, aeronomers, astronomers, astrophysicists, and students.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arlindo José Claudino Arriaga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Water Vapor Information Content of Absorption Lines Observed in the Sun's Infrared Radiance written by Arlindo José Claudino Arriaga and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. F. Calfee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Nu-averaged Infrared Absorption Coefficients of Water Vapor written by R. F. Calfee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report the quantitative absorption coefficients of water vapor in a format suitable for calculation of water vapor absorption spectra characterized by instrumental bandpasses of 1 cm−1 or greater in the 670 to 1450 cm−1 region. The coefficients are derived from individual line parameters of H2O and represent a useful way of reducing line parameter data to a practical volume of information for 1 cm−1 resolution spectra of the troposphere. Transmission spectra for three water vapor concentrations show typical applications of the absorption coefficient tables. The application of the data is restricted to conditions within 10% of 1 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 296 K if a transmission accuracy of 2% is to be maintained.
