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Infrared Absorption By Molecular Clusters In Water Vapor
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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Water Vapor by : Adarsh Deepak
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Adarsh Deepak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
Book Synopsis Water in Biomechanical and Related Systems by : Adam Gadomski
Download or read book Water in Biomechanical and Related Systems written by Adam Gadomski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributed volume puts emphasis on a superior role of water in (bio)systems exposed to a mechanical stimulus. It is well known that water plays an extraordinary role in our life. It feeds mammalian or other organism after distributing over its whole volume to support certain physiological and locomotive (friction-adhesion) processes to mention but two of them, both of extreme relevance. Water content, not only in the mammalian organism but also in other biosystems such as whether those of soil which is equipped with microbiome or the ones pertinent to plants, having their own natural network of water vessels, is always subjected to a force field.The decisive force field applied to the biosystems makes them biomechanically agitated irrespective of whether they are subjected to external or internal force-field conditions. It ought to be noted that the decisive mechanical factor shows up in a close relation with the space-and-time scale in which it is causing certain specific phenomena to occur.The scale problem, emphasizing the range of action of gravitational force, thus the millimeter or bigger force vs. distance scale, is supposed to enter the so-called macroscale approach to water transportation through soil or plants’ roots system. It is merely related to a percolation problem, which assumes to properly inspect the random network architecture assigned to the biosystems invoked. The capillarity conditions turn out to be of prior importance, and the porous-medium effect has to be treated, and solved in a fairly approximate way.The deeper the scale is penetrated by a force-exerting and hydrated agent the more non-gravitational force fields manifest. This can be envisaged in terms of the corresponding thermodynamic (non-Newtonian) forces, and the phenomena of interest are mostly attributed to suitable changes of the osmotic pressure. In low Reynolds number conditions, thus in the (sub)micrometer distance-scale zone, they are related with the corresponding viscosity changes of the aqueous, e.g. cytoplasmatic solutions, of semi-diluted and concentrated (but also electrolytic) characteristics. For example, they can be observed in articulating systems of mammals, in their skin, and to some extent, in other living beings, such as lizards, geckos or even insects. Through their articulating devices an external mechanical stimulus is transmitted from macro- to nanoscale, wherein the corresponding osmotic-pressure conditions apply. The content of the proposed work can be distributed twofold. First, the biomechanical mammalian-type (or, similar) systems with extraordinary relevance of water for their functioning will be presented, also including a presentation of water itself as a key physicochemical system/medium. Second, the suitably chosen related systems, mainly of soil and plant addressing provenience, will be examined thoroughly. As a common denominator of all of them, it is proposed to look at their hydrophobic and/or (de)hydration effects, and how do they impact on their basic mechanical (and related, such as chemo-mechanical or piezoelectric, etc.) properties. An additional tacit assumption employed throughout the monograph concerns statistical scalability of the presented biosystems which is equivalent to take for granted a certain similarity between local and global system’s properties, mostly those of mechanical nature. The presented work’s chapters also focus on biodiversity and ecological aspects in the world of animals and plants, and the related systems. The chapters’ contents underscore the bioinspiration as the key landmark of the proposed monograph.
Book Synopsis Infrared Spectroscopy of CO2 and H2O Molecular Clusters by : Robert S. Disselkamp
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy of CO2 and H2O Molecular Clusters written by Robert S. Disselkamp and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra by : Jean-Michel Hartmann
Download or read book Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra written by Jean-Michel Hartmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-08-12 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas phase molecular spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining information on the geometry and internal structure of isolated molecules as well as on the interactions that they undergo. It enables the study of fundamental parameters and processes and is also used for the sounding of gas media through optical techniques. It has been facing always renewed challenges, due to the considerable improvement of experimental techniques and the increasing demand for accuracy and scope of remote sensing applications. In practice, the radiating molecule is usually not isolated but diluted in a mixture at significant total pressure. The collisions among the molecules composing the gas can have a large influence on the spectral shape, affecting all wavelength regions through various mechanisms. These must be taken into account for the correct analysis and prediction of the resulting spectra. This book reviews our current experimental and theoretical knowledge and the practical consequences of collisional effects on molecular spectral shapes in neutral gases. General expressions are first given. They are formal of difficult use for practical calculations often but enable discussion of the approximations leading to simplified situations. The first case examined is that of isolated transitions, with the usual pressure broadening and shifting but also refined effects due to speed dependence and collision-induced velocity changes. Collisional line-mixing, which invalidates the notion of isolated transitions and has spectral consequences when lines are closely spaced, is then discussed within the impact approximation. Regions where the contributions of many distant lines overlap, such as troughs between transitions and band wings, are considered next. For a description of these far wings the finite duration of collisions and concomitant breakdown of the impact approximation must be taken into account. Finally, for long paths or elevated pressures, the dipole or polarizability induced by intermolecular interactions can make significant contributions. Specific models for the description of these collision induced absorption and light scattering processes are presented. The above mentioned topics are reviewed and discussed from a threefold point of view: the various models, the available data, and the consequences for applications including heat transfer, remote sensing and optical sounding. The extensive bibliography and discussion of some remaining problems complete the text. - State-of-the-art on the subject - A bibliography of nearly 1,000 references - Tools for practical calculations - Consequences for other scientific fields - Numerous illustrative examples - Fulfilling a need since there is no equivalent monograph on the subject
Book Synopsis Molecular Complexes In Earth's, Planetary Cometary And Interstellar Atmospheres by : Zdenek Slanina
Download or read book Molecular Complexes In Earth's, Planetary Cometary And Interstellar Atmospheres written by Zdenek Slanina and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-07-04 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces systematically the concept of weakly-bound complexes into the broad field of atmospheric sciences. To fill up the gap between our rapidly expanding knowledge of the individual properties of Van der Waals and hydrogen-bonded molecules, and our understanding of their role in the atmospheric processes, an ensemble of related topics are covered by a team of expert co-authors. The general properties of the weakly bound molecular complexes (or “clusters”) are discussed, as well as their distribution in the planetary atmospheres. Collision-induced and dimeric absorption and emission are considered in the context of atmospheric spectroscopy. The advanced experimental techniques which enable us to study the spectroscopic features of molecular complexes in the gas phase, or which are adsorbed, are reviewed. The role of molecular complexes in the cometary atmosphere, the Earth mesosphere, and the atmospheres of the giant planets and some of their satellites are also discussed in detail.
Book Synopsis Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas-Phase Functional Molecules and Clusters by : Takayuki Ebata
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas-Phase Functional Molecules and Clusters written by Takayuki Ebata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advanced research on the structures and photochemical properties of polyatomic molecules and molecular clusters having various functionalities under cold gas-phase conditions. Target molecules are crown ethers, polypeptides, large size protonated clusters, metal clusters, and other complex polyatomic molecules of special interest. A variety of advanced frequency and time-domain laser spectroscopic methods are applied. The book begins with the principle of an experimental setup for cold gas-phase molecules and various laser spectroscopic methods, followed by chapters on investigation of specific molecular systems. Through a molecular-level approach and analysis by quantum chemical calculation, it is possible to learn how atomic and molecular-level interactions (van der Waals, hydrogen-bonding, and others) control the specific properties of molecules and clusters. Those properties include molecular recognition, induced fitting, chirality, proton and hydrogen transfer, isomerization, and catalytic reaction. The information will be applicable to the design of new types of functional molecules and nanoparticles in the broad area that includes applied chemistry, drug delivery systems, and catalysts.
Book Synopsis Atomic and Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Theory, Experiment and Computation by : G. Maroulis
Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Theory, Experiment and Computation written by G. Maroulis and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume in honor of the late Stanisław Kielich cover an impressive range of modern subjects in molecular science. These subjects include, among others, the nonlinear optics of molecules, new approaches to the electronic structure of large molecules, the properties of carbon nanotubes, fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, computational studies of systems of fundamental interest to collision-induced spectroscopy, the simulation of fluids, NLO materials, chemical bonding in complex molecules, the NLO properties of functionalized DNA and the magnetic properties of molecular assemblies. Written by eminent specialists, the papers should offer valuable guidance to a wide community of graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technical Reports Awareness Circular : TRAC. by :
Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular : TRAC. written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-04 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Radiative Transfer by : Jacqueline Lenoble
Download or read book Atmospheric Radiative Transfer written by Jacqueline Lenoble and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basis of atmospheric radiative transfer for graduate students, as well as for scientists or engineers who want to start work in this domain. It supposes that the reader has reached a general college level in mathematics & physics. The first part covers the theory of radiative energy transfer & is of interest for a larger audience than only the atmospheric scientists. After carefully defining the various quantities characterizing radiation energy & its interaction with matter, the equation of radiative transfer is established & the laws of blackbody emission reviewed. One chapter presents the detection of radiative energy. The next chapters review the problems of quantitative spectroscopy & the transfer of energy in an absorbing & emitting medium. Finally, the laws of scattering are presented & the transfer of radiation in a scattering medium, including polarization, is analyzed.
Book Synopsis Proceedings in Atmospheric Electricity by : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Download or read book Proceedings in Atmospheric Electricity written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Properties Of Water And Steam: Proceedings Of The 11th International conference by : Miroslav Píchal
Download or read book Properties Of Water And Steam: Proceedings Of The 11th International conference written by Miroslav Píchal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-06-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book forms the proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Properties of Steam, conducted in 1989 in Czechoslovakia. The session provided an international forum for the dissemination of information on recent progress in experiment, theory and formulation of the properties of steam and aqueous systems in the power industry during the past five years. The papers reflect present knowledge of the thermophysical properties of pure ordinary and heavy water to the properties of aqueous solutions, to the power cycle chemistry, to corrosion in power plants.
Book Synopsis Understanding Earth Observation by : Domenico Solimini
Download or read book Understanding Earth Observation written by Domenico Solimini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the physical foundation of remote sensing. The basic grounds are presented in close association with the kinds of environmental targets to monitor and with the observing techniques. The book aims at plugging the quite large gap between the thorough and quantitative description of electromagnetic waves interacting with the Earth's environment and the user applications of Earth observation. It is intended for scientifically literate students and professionals who plan to gain a first understanding of remote sensing data and of their information content.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule by : Yves Marechal
Download or read book The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule written by Yves Marechal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-11 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule offers a synthesis of what is known and currently being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules. The most simple water molecular, H2O, is a fascinating but poorly understood molecule. Its unique ability to attract an exceptionally large number of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of a dense "hydrogen bond network" that has the potential to modify the properties of the surrounding molecules and their reactivities. The crucial role that water molecules play is described in this book. The author begins by providing an overview of the thermodynamical and structural properties of H-bonds before examining their much less known dynamical properties, which makes them appear as centres of reactivity. Methods used to observe these components are also reviewed. In the second part of the book the role played by the dense H-bond network developed by H2O molecules is examined. First in ice, where it has important atmospheric consequences, then in liquid water, and finally in macromolecules where it sheds some original light on the fundamental question "How is it that without water and hydrogen bonds life would not exist?". This book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. It can also serve as a teaching aid for students attending course in chemical physics, chemistry or molecular biology. Engineers involved the water industry would benefit from reading this book, as would scientists working in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and materials.* overview of what is known and being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules* reviews methods used to observe interactions between water molecules and hydrogen bonds* examines role of H-bond network developed by H2O molecules
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
