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Influences Of The Soil On Boreal And Arctic Plant Communities
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Book Synopsis INFLUENCES OF THE SOIL ON BOREAL AND ARCTIC PLANT COMMUNITIES. by : Hansford T. Shacklette
Download or read book INFLUENCES OF THE SOIL ON BOREAL AND ARCTIC PLANT COMMUNITIES. written by Hansford T. Shacklette and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field work was conducted throughout Alaska (excluding the Aleutian Islands) to determine relationships between plant community development and soils and other environmental factors (temperature, exposure, frost action, and water).
Book Synopsis Ecology and the Environment by : Russell K. Monson
Download or read book Ecology and the Environment written by Russell K. Monson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, plant biology is considered from the perspective of plants and their surrounding environment, including both biotic and abiotic interactions. The intended audience is undergraduate students in the middle or final phases of their programs of study. Topics are developed to provide a rudimentary understanding of how plant-environment interactions span multiple spatiotemporal scales, and how this rudimentary knowledge can be applied to understand the causes of ecosystem vulnerabilities in the face of global climate change and expansion of natural resource use by human societies. In all chapters connections are made from smaller to larger scales of ecological organization, providing a foundation for understanding plant ecology. Where relevant, environmental threats to ecological systems are identified and future research needs are discussed. As future generations take on the responsibility for managing ecosystem goods and services, one of the most effective resources that can be passed on is accumulated knowledge of how organisms, populations, species, communities and ecosystems function and interact across scales of organization. This book is intended to provide some of that knowledge, and hopefully provide those generations with the ability to avoid some of the catastrophic environmental mistakes that prior generations have made.
Book Synopsis Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem by : William D. Bowman
Download or read book Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem written by William D. Bowman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide a complete overview of an alpine ecosystem, based on the long-term research conducted at the Niwot Ridge LTER. There is, at present, no general book on alpine ecology. The alpine ecosystem features conditions near the limits of biological existence, and is a useful laboratory for asking more general ecological questions, because it offers large environmental change over relatively short distances. Factors such as macroclimate, microclimate, soil conditions, biota, and various biological factors change on differing scales, allowing insight into the relative contributions of the different factors on ecological outcomes.
Book Synopsis Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate by : F. Stuart Chapin III
Download or read book Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate written by F. Stuart Chapin III and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arctic region is predicted to experience the earliest and most pronounced global warming response to human-induced climatic change. This book synthesizes information on the physiological ecology of arctic plants, discusses how physiological processes influence ecosystem processes, and explores how climate warming will affect arctic plants, plant communities, and ecosystem processes. Reviews the physiological ecology of arctic plants Explores biotic controls over community and ecosystems processes Provides physiological bases for predicting how the Arctic will respond to global climate change
Book Synopsis Plant Soil Feedbacks with Changing Vegetation Structure and Composition in a Warming Arctic by : Jennie DeMarco
Download or read book Plant Soil Feedbacks with Changing Vegetation Structure and Composition in a Warming Arctic written by Jennie DeMarco and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Climate warming in the arctic may shift vegetation from graminoids to deciduous shrub dominance, potentially altering the structure and function of the ecosystem through influences on the abiotic and biotic controls over carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Shrubs may influence the soil microclimate and litter inputs to the soil, altering the rate at which nutrients are cycled back to soil and thus become available to plants. In the arctic tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, we experimentally manipulated snow depth across three arctic plant communities that varied in their initial shrub abundance to test whether the snow that accumulates around arctic deciduous shrubs alters the soil microclimate enough to increase soil N availability and nutrient turnover. Specifically, we tested whether the addition of snow provides a more favorable microclimate for N mineralization and litter decomposition. In addition, we investigated the influence of soil organic matter (SOM) and litter quality on N availability and nutrient turnover. We found that winter snow addition increased soil N availability in the summer only through increased rates of N mineralization but had no effect on litter decomposition rates. In addition, SOM quality was greatest in the plant community with the highest abundance of shrubs resulting in faster turnover and greater N availability. In contrast, litter decomposition rates were slower in shrub dominant communities resulting in slower nutrient turnover and higher retention of N on the litter. We conclude, that on a short time scale shrub interactions with snow increase N availability, at least in the summer, at a time when plants are more active. In addition, our study suggests that a transition to a shrubbier arctic could lead to retention of N in the litter layer and an increase in N availability in the soil potentially leading to a positive feedback to increased shrub growth.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309491770 Total Pages :63 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening and Browning by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening and Browning written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetation change has been observed across Arctic and boreal regions. Studies have often documented large-scale greening trends, but they have also identified areas of browning or shifts between greening and browning over varying spatial extents and time periods. At the same time, though, there are large portions of these ecosystems that have not exhibited measurable trends in greening or browning. These findings have fueled many questions about the drivers of vegetation dynamics, how trends are measured, and potential implications of vegetation change at local to global scales. In December 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, convened a workshop to discuss opportunities to improve understanding of greening and browning trends and drivers and the implications of these vegetation changes. The discussions included a close look at many of the methodological approaches used to evaluate greening and browning, as well as exploration of newer technologies that may help advance the science. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms by : Diego Fontaneto
Download or read book Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms written by Diego Fontaneto and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-19 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the viewpoints of leading experts in taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of different taxa, this book synthesises discussion surrounding the so-called 'everything is everywhere' hypothesis. It addresses the processes that generate spatial patterns of diversity and biogeography in organisms that can potentially be cosmopolitan. The contributors discuss questions such as: are microorganisms (e.g. prokaryotes, protists, algae, yeast and microscopic fungi, plants and animals) really cosmopolitan in their distribution? What are the biological properties that allow such potential distribution? Are there processes that would limit their distribution? Are microorganisms intrinsically different from macroscopic ones? What can microorganisms tell us about the generalities of biogeography? Can they be used for experimental biogeography? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the spatial patterns and the general processes in biogeography.
Book Synopsis Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground by : L.R. Walker
Download or read book Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground written by L.R. Walker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-12-17 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population inexorably grows, its cumulative impact on the Earth's resources is hard to ignore. The ability of the Earth to support more humans is dependent on the ability of humans to manage natural resources wisely. Because disturbance alters resource levels, effective management requires understanding of the ecology of disturbance. This book is the first to take a global approach to the description of both natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes that physically impact the ground. Natural disturbances such as erosion, volcanoes, wind, herbivory, flooding and drought plus anthropogenic disturbances such as foresty, grazing, mining, urbanization and military actions are considered. Both disturbance impacts and the biotic recovery are addressed as well as the interactions of different types of disturbance. Other chapters cover processes that are important to the understanding of disturbance of all types including soil processes, nutrient cycles, primary productivity, succession, animal behaviour and competition. Humans react to disturbances by avoiding, exacerbating, or restoring them or by passing environmental legislation. All of these issues are covered in this book. Managers need better predictive models and robust data-collections that help determine both site-specfic and generalized responses to disturbance. Multiple disturbances have a complex effect on both physical and biotic processes as they interact. This book provides a wealth of detail about the process of disturbance and recovery as well as a synthesis of the current state of knowledge about disturbance theory, with extensive documentation.
Book Synopsis Searching the Soil by : Taylor J. Seitz
Download or read book Searching the Soil written by Taylor J. Seitz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of global climate change are accelerated and more pronounced in northern regions, and Alaska is at the forefront of that change. Permafrost, which underlies much of the Alaskan landscape, is rapidly thawing and degrading leading to shifts in hydrology, soil chemistry, and nutrient availability. As permafrost thaws, soil microbial communities have the potential to be influenced taxonomically and functionally. However, it is unclear how active layer microbial communities, which play a role in plant-microbe interactions, are affected by increasing soil disturbance, and how soil microbiomes can influence above ground plant communities. In this study, I aimed to understand how soil microbial communities from Interior Alaska are affected by increasing disturbance, and how they in turn drive the productivity of several plants found in boreal regions. Here I used a growth experiment and found that plant productivity was affected by the disturbance level of the microbial inoculant. Plants grown in soils inoculated with microbes associated with disturbed soils demonstrated significantly decreased productivity compared to plants inoculated with microbes from undisturbed soils. Through metagenomic sequencing, I observed broad scale shifts in community membership across the gradient of soil disturbance. I then continued to characterize the microbial communities used as inoculants in the greenhouse growth experiment through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Microbial communities from disturbed soils were significantly more diverse than those from undisturbed soils, and the beta diversity of communities varied significantly based on the disturbance level. We found that within disturbance level community variation can be used to predict plant growth of bog blueberry, low-bush cranberry, and Labrador tea once the disturbance passes a threshold. These results suggest that as active layer microbial communities are affected by climate-driven soil disturbance, above ground plant communities may demonstrate decreased productivity, and consequently, decreased ecosystem health as the Arctic continues to warm.
Book Synopsis Microbial Communities in Soil by : V. Jensen
Download or read book Microbial Communities in Soil written by V. Jensen and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Boreal Ecosystem by : James A. Larsen
Download or read book The Boreal Ecosystem written by James A. Larsen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boreal Ecosystem presents an overview of the state of knowledge on the boreal forest region of North America, with extensive reference to the boreal regions of Europe and Asia. Initial sections of this book deal with aspects of the floristic composition and evolutionary history of the boreal vegetation. These introduce subsequent discussions on the processes at work in vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere—in short, with the boreal forest as an ecosystem, the sum total of the influences of many closely interlaced biotic and physical factors. These include not only plant species that make up the visible vegetation but also nutrients, soil, temperature, rainfall, progression of the seasons, soil microflora, arthropods, insects, and larger animals such as marten, otter, beaver, moose, caribou, bear, and wolf, and man. All are closely linked strands in the web of life, a web apart from, yet dependent on and influencing, the raw physical environment. This book should serve as an introduction and reference source to its audience: undergraduate and graduate students in the biological and ecological disciplines, research workers in these fields as well as in related areas such as soil science, agronomy, genetics, and climatology; in short, everyone with an interest in boreal ecology.
Book Synopsis Comparative Plant Succession Among Terrestrial Biomes of the World by : Karel Prach
Download or read book Comparative Plant Succession Among Terrestrial Biomes of the World written by Karel Prach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comparative approach to plant succession among all terrestrial biomes and disturbances, helping to reveal generalizable patterns.
Book Synopsis The Nature of Plant Communities by : J. Bastow Wilson
Download or read book The Nature of Plant Communities written by J. Bastow Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the role of species interactions in the process of plant community assembly.
Download or read book Tundra Ecosystems written by Tammy Gagne and published by ABDO. This book was released on 2015-08-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title will introduce readers to tundra ecosystems, the plants and animals that thrive there, its climate, its food web, any threats to it, and conservation efforts. Readers will also learn about the most well known tundras and their unique characteristics. . Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Core Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.
Book Synopsis Permafrost Ecosystems by : Akira Osawa
Download or read book Permafrost Ecosystems written by Akira Osawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-04 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from a decade-long collaboration between Japan and Russia, this important volume presents the first major synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of the coniferous forests growing on permafrost at high latitudes. It presents ecological data for a region long inaccessible to most scientists, and raises important questions about the global carbon balance as these systems are affected by the changing climate. Making up around 20% of the entire boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, these ‘permafrost forest ecosystems’ are subject to particular constraints in terms of temperature, nutrient availability, and root space, creating exceptional ecosystem characteristics not known elsewhere. This authoritative text explores their diversity, structure, dynamics and physiology. It provides a comparison of these forests in relation to boreal forests elsewhere, and concludes with an assessment of the potential responses of this unique biome to climate change. The book will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers interested in boreal vegetation, forest ecology, silviculture and forest soils, as well as to researchers into climate change and the global carbon balance.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Arctic Environments by : Sarah J. Woodin
Download or read book Ecology of Arctic Environments written by Sarah J. Woodin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once thought of as a pristine environment, it is now all too apparent that the Arctic is a sink for pollutants transported northwards over long distances in the atmosphere and oceans, and is also likely to be subject to major climate change as a result of global warming. Many ecologists are currently seeking to further our understanding of how arctic ecosystems function, and to detect and predict anthropogenic changes which may occur within them. This book, resulting from a British Ecological Society Special Symposium, addresses these issues.
Book Synopsis Plants and Climate Change by : Jelte Rozema
Download or read book Plants and Climate Change written by Jelte Rozema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.
